黑诺拉高中丨芬兰丨Lahdelma & Mahlamäki 建筑事务所

2022/02/07 08:50:34

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黑诺拉高中是由 Lahdelma & Mahlamäki 建筑事务所受托设计的多功能教育项目。学校所在的 Seminaari 区拥有巨大的文化和历史价值，早在 1899 年，黑诺拉已有专门的教师培训机构。从更广泛的意义上说，黑诺拉高中扮演着公共建筑的角色，因其还容纳了大礼堂和体育馆等多处文化设施，对城市有着十分重要的意义。

The Heinola Upper Secondary School is a multi-purpose educational building designed by Lahdelma & Mahlamäki architects, based on the winning proposal of an invited competition. It is located in the Seminaari area, which is of great cultural and historical value and is partly protected, and where teacher training started as early as 1899. The Heinola Upper Secondary School is a public building in a broader sense, as it also houses other cultural facilities important for a small town, such as a large auditorium and a sports hall.

▼学校外观，Exterior view©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

建筑基于“围坐温暖篝火”的概念而设计，这反映在以中央大厅为中心的空间布局上。建筑着重使用了砖和木头等品质优良且能够使人感到温暖的材料，外立面的玻璃高窗则使学校的内部空间敞开于公园般的室外环境。作为教育机构，黑诺拉高中不仅提供了宁静的学习空间，同时也创造了社交和互动的机会。设计的重点并非提供大型的开放空间，而是要创建可以按需进行组合的适应性空间。

Its architectural design is based on the idea of the building as a warm campfire circle, which is reflected in the layout of the building’s spaces around the central lobby. The building emphasises high-quality, warm materials such as brick and wood, while high glass walls on the facades open up the interior of the School to a park-like setting. As a learning environment, The Heinola Upper Secondary School offers both a peaceful working environment and opportunities for social learning. Instead of large open spaces, the emphasis is on adaptable spaces that can be combined as required.

▼场地平面图，Site plan© Lahdelma & Mahlamäki Architects

学校建筑坐落在风景如画的黑诺拉市中心，与 18 世纪的 Maaherranpuisto 公园相邻。场地周围的建筑包括建于 1939 年的功能主义教学楼以及 19 世纪末及 20 世纪初的数座大楼，后者受到瑞士别墅和旧时斯堪的纳维亚装饰品的影响——这使该地的历史背景进一步得到加强。黑诺拉高中以自由的形式分布在公园般的历史环境中，与其周围的城市网格形成了鲜明的对比。

The building is located in the heart of the Heinola, next to the 18th century Maaherranpuisto park. The historic context of the site is further enhanced by the functionalist educational building from 1939, which stands next to the Upper Secondary School, and the educational buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which are influenced by Swiss villa architecture and ancient Scandinavian ornaments. The Heinola Upper Secondary School was freely placed in this park-like and historic setting, in contrast to the surrounding urban grid, which underlines the School’s status as a locally significant public building.

▼场地环境，Context©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼学校与周边建筑，The school and the adjacent builings

©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

黑诺拉高中是该市的重要项目，也是一座与其他学校项目截然不同的地标建筑。学校里容纳了青年服务设施、大型礼堂和体育场馆，可用于举办一些对社区具有重要意义的活动，从而扩展学校在表演艺术、社会互动和体育方面的用途。从这个意义上说，黑诺拉高中可被称作是该城市的文化中心。

The Heinola Upper Secondary School is a major project for the town and a landmark building that stands out clearly from other school projects in Heinola at the same time. It is a public building in a broader sense than just a school, as it houses a number of activities important to the community in the centre of the town. These include youth service facilities, a large auditorium and a sports hall, which will extend the use of the School for performing arts, events, social interaction and sports. Therefore, the Heinola Upper Secondary School can rightly be called the town’s cultural centre.

▼城市街道视角，View from the street©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼建筑立面，Building facade©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

从外观上看，学校多面的体量并没有局限于矩形的设计语言，而是从体量的自由排列和“围坐篝火”的设计理念中汲取灵感，使空间围绕中央大厅分布。建筑的外立面被水平地分为两个部分：在底部两个楼层，砖砌壁柱和玻璃高窗交替出现，顶层则采用穿孔金属板。这种具有双重性的外观借鉴了当地旧式的教育建筑——底层往往以抹灰砖建造，二层则为木结构。在该项目中，砖砌壁柱和穿孔金属板的精致细节为外墙赋予了深度和不断变化的光影。双层高度的玻璃表面则将城市景观引入内部，使其成为学校的一部分。

In its appearance, too, the Heinola Upper Secondary School is much more than an ordinary school building. Its multifaceted massing is not limited to a rectangular design language, but is inspired by the free arrangement of the building and the idea of a campfire circle around the central lobby. The facades of the building are divided horizontally into two parts, with brick pilasters and high glass surfaces alternating on the two lower floors, while the top floor is clad in perforated metal. This twofold look is inspired by the old educational buildings in the area, with a plastered brick ground floor and a wooden second floor. The brick pilasters and the lace-like nature of the perforated metal give the facades depth and ever-changing shadows. Through the two-storey high glass surfaces, the townscape becomes part of the interior of the School.

▼建筑外观近景，A close view to the facade©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼在底部两个楼层，砖砌壁柱和玻璃高窗交替出现©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio Brick pilasters and high glass surfaces alternating on the two lower floors

▼外观细节，Detailed view©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

学校的四面几乎全被葱郁的城市景观所包围，主要的休闲庭院被置于建筑西侧，可用于放松、运动或户外教学，另外还包含一个小型露天剧场和游乐场。庭院内的“哲学家小路”鼓励师生们以古希腊人的方式行走和思考，与黑诺拉高中的教育使命形成呼应。

The landscape design was based on the location of the School in a park-like setting. The building is surrounded by lush townscape on practically all sides, but the main recreational courtyard is located on the west side of the building. It is designed for relaxation, exercise and outdoor learning, and includes a small open-air theatre and a playground. In keeping with the Upper Secondary School’s educational mission, the courtyard features a ‘philosopher’s path’, which encourages walking and thinking in the ancient Greek style.

▼从附近公园望向建筑，View from the green area©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

学校的功能布局简单且易于理解。中央大厅主导了空间的组织和连接，同时又强调出建筑各个部分的一致性。从使用者的角度看，大厅创造了一个可以通往建筑不同区域的聚集点。

▼功能布局示意，Diagram© Lahdelma & Mahlamäki Architects

The functional solution for the Heinola Upper Secondary School is simple and easy to understand. The architectural concept was inspired by the shape of the site and is based on the idea of the building as a warm campfire circle. In practice, this is reflected, for example, in the layout of the spaces around the central lobby. The lobby dominates the spatial ensemble while emphasising the coherence of all parts of the building. From the users’ point of view, the lobby creates a meeting point with access to all parts of the building.

▼中央大厅，Central lobby©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼大厅创造了一个可以通往建筑不同区域的聚集点©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio The lobby creates a meeting point with access to all parts of the building

▼楼梯细节，Staircase detail©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼大厅窗户和天花板细节，Window and ceiling detail©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

功能空间分布在三个楼层，并划分为不同的使用区域。距离繁忙的中央大厅最近的是用于非正式学习和休息的空间，用于专注学习的安静区域则位于更远一些的位置。不同类型的教学空间形成了单元集群，每个单元的中心都设有一个共享学习区。空间规划的重点并非营造大型开放空间，而是将不同形状和大小的空间根据需要进行组合。教室与大厅之间以玻璃墙划分，有助于增强学校内部的凝聚力。

The school facilities are spread over three floors, which are divided into different use zones. Nearest to the busy central lobby are spaces for informal study and lounging, while further out are quieter spaces for more focused learning. The different types of educational spaces form clusters of cellular units, each with a common learning area at its centre. Instead of large open spaces, the emphasis is on spaces of different shapes and sizes, which can be combined as required. Glass walls between classrooms and lobbies contribute to a sense of cohesion within the school.

▼非正式学习和休息空间，Spaces for informal study and lounging©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼休息室，Lounge©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼娱乐室，recreation space©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼教室，Classroom©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

▼体育馆，Sports hall ©Kuvatoimisto Kuvio

鉴于黑诺拉高中的重要地位，出资方决定使用高品质的材料，并且原封不动地实现最初的设计方案。外部建筑以砖和金属为特色，内部空间则采用木质镶板、马赛克混凝土饰面和铜化金属等材料。中央大厅等公共区域通过大面积的木材加以突出。礼堂的材料选择尤其得到了重视，旨在达到最理想的声学和视觉质量。墙体的声学表面上包覆着一层薄纱般的钢网，在礼堂中创造出一个氛围宁静的椭圆形场地。

Given the importance of the Heinola Upper Secondary School, it was decided to invest in high quality materials, and the original design was not discounted in the process. The exterior architecture features brick and metal, while the interior uses materials such as wood panelling, mosaic concrete and patinated metal. Wood is particularly prominent in the building’s most public spaces, such as the central lobby. For the interior, particular attention was paid to the choice of materials for the auditorium, in order to achieve a high acoustic and visual quality. Thus, the multi-edged and adaptable acoustic surfaces of the walls were clad with a gauzy steel mesh, creating an oval shape and a calm atmosphere in the auditorium.

作为一个多功能的建筑，黑诺拉的设施是为所有城市居民设计的。例如，校内的青年服务中心也向城市中的其他年轻人服务。首层空间容纳了视觉艺术及音乐室、礼堂和体育馆，并与中央大厅相连，所有的设施均可在课余时间开展广泛的市民活动和文化事件。

As a multi-purpose building, the Heinola Upper Secondary School’s facilities are designed for all town residents. For example, the town’s youth service facilities, which serve not only the students but also other young people in the town, are housed in this building. The ground floor forms a spatial and functional whole, with the visual arts and music rooms, the auditorium and the sports hall connected to the central lobby. These facilities allow for a wide range of civic and cultural activities and events to take place outside school hours.