敏感机器 | 莎拉·奥珀曼的互动建筑艺术

In our interview profile series, we hear about what artists are making, what’s making them tick, and the moments that made them. Sarah Oppenheimer, master of architectural manipulations, talks spatial hierarchies, human touch and the creation of her ‘Sensitive Machine’, now on view in New York

Sarah Oppenheimer, S-334473, 2019 Aluminum, steel, glass and existing architecture. Installation view: Mass MoCA. MA. USA. Photography: Richard Barnes

Sarah Oppenheimer’s work explores how individual and collective action can shape the spaces we inhabit. A master of architectural manipulations, her work is interactive, psychological, performative, and at its heart, deeply social.

Her practice subverts perceptions and turns spatial hierarchies inside out. vertiginous, dizzying and majestic, it leaves viewers questioning the stability and veracity of their surroundings. Oppenheimer has just unveiled ‘Sensitive Machine’ at the Wellin Museum of Art, New York. Her most challenging installation to date, it introduces four newly created ‘instruments’ linked to existing lighting tracks and subdividing walls. Working collaboratively, viewers can touch and turn the structures, altering lines of sight, entirely reconfiguring the gallery space.

In recent times, when tactile experiences have been scarce, ‘Sensitive Machine’ offers a new dimension to bodily engagement and communication, where viewers develop an acute awareness of their shifting environment and those around them.

Portrait of artist Sarah Oppenheimer. Photography: John Bentham

Wallpaper*: Where are you as we speak?

Sarah Oppenheimer: I am sitting in a room. An open sash window backlights the computer screen. Overhead lights are off. A door behind me is ajar. The room around me modulates my voice, my gesture, and my visual field.

My opening sentence shares the title of the 1969 sound work by Alvin Lucier. In that work, Lucier repeats the statement ‘I am sitting in a room’ while recording his voice. With each reiteration, the recording layers the ambient sound of the room, obscuring the original iteration and blurring the boundary between echo and architecture.

Sarah Oppenheimer: ’Sensitive Machine’ at the Wellin Museum of Art at Hamilton College, on view until December 5, 2021. Photography: John Bentham

W*: You’ve just opened ‘Sensitive Machine’ at the Wellin Museum of Art. Can you talk us through the ideas behind the show?

SO: ‘Sensitive Machine’ is a hybrid: part human, part digital, part analogue. Touch sets in motion a dynamic exhibition system. Four instruments are interconnected: turning the input of one instrument alters the configuration of another. As visitors manually activate each instrument, a choreography of spatial change is set in motion. Lighting tracks slip between the vertical surfaces of sliding walls. Luminosity levels fluctuate while sightlines are interrupted and revealed.

‘Sensitive Machine’ understands the built environment as a mechanism whose technical dimensions are profoundly social. Museum visitors become aware of one another’s presence, their bodily engagement, and the extent of their own reach. The residue of touch lingers and communicates; we sense others shaping the space we inhabit.

W*: Visitors can manually activate the work, and in turn, reconfigure the space. Why was tactility important?

SO: Now more than ever, we must consider how spatial proximity and spatial agency are defined. What are the implications of expanding our institutional footprint across non-contiguous spaces? What are the consequences of augmenting human gestures with digitally enhanced motorised action?

‘Sensitive Machine’ amplifies our tactile traces while inviting us to learn the extent of our own reach. Set in motion by the human hand, the temporal frequency of each of the exhibition’s four instruments is scaled to the body. Undulating lights and sliding walls remain in phase with human gesture. Each oscillation creates a temporal counterpoint, shaping passage and stretching the tempo of human touch.

Sarah Oppenheimer: ’Sensitive Machine’ at the Wellin Museum of Art at Hamilton College, on view until December 5, 2021. Photography: John Bentham

W*: The show was nine years in the making. How does the initial concept compare to the outcome?

SO: I have been in dialogue with the Wellin’s director, Tracy Adler, for years about the possibility of working together. While on a site visit to the Wellin in 2017, I encountered an extraordinary mechanism embedded within the roller of an old printing press. The analogue technology of that older mechanism translated rotary motion into linear oscillation. In contrast to projects I was developing at the time (Pérez Art Museum Miami, 2016; Wexner Center for the Arts, 2017; and Mass MoCA, 2019) – in which touch rotated a single glass volume – the printing press mechanism enabled linkage and temporal coordination between spatially disparate elements.

Working in collaboration with the Yale University Engineering department, my studio began incorporating rotary-linear motion into architectural instruments. We developed detailed digital models of the mechanical elements and constructed physical models to explore how human gesture could set linked objects in motion.

Prototyping began on a small scale, allowing us to consider how touch shapes the position of handheld objects. As we gained fluency with the technical limitations and possibilities of this phased mechanism, the system expanded in scale to include architectural elements such as glass planes, steel tubes, and wood panels. With each step of the process, we continued to evaluate and modulate the gestural qualities required to activate the kinetic relay.

W*: Your workshop at Yale School of Art is also titled ‘Sensitive Machine’. How does your educational work feed into your art practice and vice versa?

SO: In 2016 I began to explore these questions in a series of workshops. Participants were asked to collaborate on the design and construction of a prosthesis that allowed one body to shape the gesture of another. As users explored the sensorial feedback between prosthesis and body, they learned how the device informed the gestural actions of each participant.

Sensors were affixed to the prosthesis at Yale University’s large-scale motion capture studio. Movement was captured by an array of overhead cameras and displayed as a dynamic point cloud image in real time. We wondered: Would the participants use the projection as proprioceptive feedback? Would this feedback alter the collaborative manipulation of a prosthetic machine?

W*: What’s the most challenging art project you’ve ever worked on?

SO: The instruments arrayed in N-01 and Sensitive Machine are the most challenging (and exciting) works to date. Their evolution has required the studio to develop new methods of spatial design. Prior design tools such as architectural plans and scale models have given way to network typologies and kinematic prototypes.

Inserting linkages between instruments had tactile and temporal repercussions. The greater the number of linkages, the greater the friction in the overall system. Each sequential prototype aimed at reducing friction in the kinetic chain so that the viewers’ touch could remain light and informal while displacing apparently stable elements of the surrounding architecture. As more instruments were linked, their motion became nested and phased. This introduced the challenge of phasing the timing of each artwork.

Sarah Oppenheimer, N-01, 2020. Aluminum, steel, glass and existing architecture. Installation view: Kunstmuseum, Thun. Switzerland Photography: Serge Hasenböhler Sarah Oppenheimer, P-021110, 2014, Aluminum, glass and existing architecture. Location: Von Bartha, Basel Switzerland. Photography: Andreas Zimmermann

W*: Which artists, writers, thinkers or musicians have had the biggest impact on you?

SO: My work shuffles the spatial hierarchies of observation and influence. Reciprocal engagement requires a multiplicity of vantage points, eschewing a dominant position and centralised location while emphasising agency, sensitivity, and exchange. In developing these arrangements, I look to and learn from network theory, cybernetics, behavioural psychology, and the technical histories underpinning contemporary architecture.

The study of technical devices has had a tremendous impact on my work, especially those devices that measure, standardise, and regulate our environment. Apparatuses such as rulers, scales, clocks, metronomes, barometers, and tuning forks mediate the experience of the built environment. They enable social collaboration and human coordination in a living public space.

Art historical precedent weaves in and around these questions. I have been influenced by the work of Lygia Clark, Stephen Willats, Maria Nordman, Eileen Gray, and many others. In the case of each of these extraordinary precedents, the work is the medium of social exchange. §

Sarah Oppenheimer, S-281913, 2016. Aluminum, glass and architecture. Installation view: Perez Art Museum Miami. USA. Photography: James Ewing

Sarah Oppenheimer, P-021110, 2014. Aluminum, glass and existing architecture. Location: Von Bartha, Basel Switzerland. Photography: Andreas Zimmermann

Sarah Oppenheimer, 610-3365, 2008, Plywood and existing architecture. Location: Mattress Factory, PA. Photography: Tom Little

Sarah Oppenheimer, S-337473, 2017 Steel, glass and architecture. Installation view: Wexner Center for the Arts. USA. Photography: Serge Hasenböhler