墨西哥 Majalca 住宅丨OAX ARQUITECTOS

CASA MAJALCA位于景色优美的岩石地区，是一个可持续住宅项目。项目所处的基地长宽比为4：1，前部极为狭窄，缺少水、电、排水等公共服务设施。基地上生长着几棵当地树木，为地面带来荫蔽和活力。其后部为一片自然的峡谷。

▼建筑外观，external view of the building ©The Raws

CASA MAJALCA is a sustainable housing projected in a privileged location with excellent views of rock formations characteristic of the area. It is located in a lot with a 1: 4 ratio proportion, with a very narrow front, lacking public services (water, electricity, drainage, etc.) and with the preexistence of a couple of endemic trees that provide shade and refreshment to the ground, ending at the back with a natural ravine.

▼项目所处基地地形独特，characteristic landscape of the site

▼建筑鸟瞰，aerial view of the building ©The Raws

CASA MAJALCA的设计概念是建造一栋可持续的临时度假屋，业主可以在夏天和冬天的时候来此短住，进行室外活动，并与当地社区形成交流。建筑中的每间卧室都可以容纳一整个家庭，其中设有双层床和设施齐全的浴室。此外，住宅中还包括一个带有露台的宽敞的社交区，一间大储物室以及一个带顶棚的摩托车停放空间。

CASA MAJALCA is conceptualized as a sustainable vacation house equipped for temporal stays (summer and winter) that encourages outdoor activities and allows socializing with the community in the area. The architectural program proposes bedrooms with the capacity to receive a complete family in each one of them, using bunk beds and with a full bathroom, the rest of the house is composed with a large social area with terraces, a large storage area and a covered space for motorcycles.

▼顶视图，top view ©The Raws

▼外部庭院，outdoor terrace ©The Raws

一系列交错的体块向着地块中部逐渐攀升，朝前方优美的景观开放。其折线形的外观避开了场地上原有的树木，最后是一个独立的体块，坡屋顶为九块阳光板提供了最佳的朝向，满足建筑的能源需求。这些体块与Majalca国家公园中具有代表性的巨石景观融为一体。建筑的颜色与地面相近，参考了Paquimé和Casas Grandes考古基地中的历史文化。

The complex is a series of staggered volumes ascending towards the center of the property, which open towards the predominant front view, configured in a zigzag manner to preserve the pre-existing trees and ending in a final isolated volume with slope to achieve the optimal orientation of the nine solar panels necessary for the energy consumption of the building. These volumes are integrated into the landscape as characteristic stone monoliths of the Majalca National Park, with a color that blends in with the land, making reference to the cultural past of the archaeological sites of Paquimé and Casas Grandes.

▼折线形的外观，zigzag form of the house ©The Raws

▼独立体块，isolated volume ©The Raws

▼开放的露台，open terrace ©The Raws

▼庭院和阳台，balconies and courtyard ©The Raws

▼交错的体量，staggered volumes ©The Raws

项目的施工由非专业的当地工人完成，因此建筑师赌在了不完美理念上，让建筑呈现出一种粗犷的野兽派特征，类似原始的避难所或洞穴，试图从内部模仿在巨石间生活的感觉。

With the use of not specialized local labor, we bet on a concept of imperfection that gives it a rustic and brutalist character similar to that of a primary refuge or cavern, trying to emulate what it would mean to inhabit these large rocks from the inside.

▼餐厅和开放厨房，dining space and open kitchen ©The Raws

▼通透的起居空间，transparent living space ©The Raws

▼露台，terrace ©The Raws

▼从起居空间看向内部庭院，view to the inner courtyard from the living space ©The Raws

▼粗犷的材料，rustic materials ©The Raws

房屋的朝向经过仔细考量，适应其所处地区的不同气候条件，减少冬天的采暖需求，并且利用高效的热惰性措施保护空间免受夏季阳光烘烤，包括利用高差形成的自然通风、以没有热桥的隔热墙体为基础的建造系统、以及两侧7.5厘米厚的混凝土完成面。轧钢屋顶的坡度超过5%，利于积雪滑落，其中包含金属结构、隔热层和由运输建材的板条箱回收再利用制成的木制天花。用水方面，建筑上方设有一个储水箱，盛有井水；废水则通过生物煮解器处理。为了减少水资源的浪费，除了基地上已有的本地植被，项目中没有再设计任何其他景观区域。

The orientation of the house helps considerably to adapt to the conditions of the seasons in which it is inhabited. In winter reducing the demand for heating. And in summer, protecting it from the sun’s rays with an efficient thermal inertia from: the use of natural cross ventilation resolved with different heights, a construction system based on insulated block walls and without thermal bridges, with a 7.5 concrete finish. cm thick on both sides. A rolled sheet roof was considered, with a slope greater than 5% for recurrent snowfalls, composed of a metallic structure, thermal insulation and inside a reused wood ceiling, obtained from crates used to transport construction materials. For water consumption, an elevated tank is feed with well water and a biodigester was considered. To reduce water consumption, no landscaped area other than the endemic vegetation of the site was designed.

▼二层露台，terrace on the second floor ©The Raws

▼卧室，bedroom ©The Raws

▼浴室，bathroom ©The Raws

▼入口，entrance ©The Raws

▼夜景，night view ©The Raws

▼一层平面图，first floor plan ©OAX ARQUITECTOS

▼二层平面图，second floor plan ©OAX ARQUITECTOS

▼立面图，elevations ©OAX ARQUITECTOS

▼剖面图，sections ©OAX ARQUITECTOS

▼细部，details ©OAX ARQUITECTOS

▼项目更多图片