塞维利亚 Habitat Bulevar 住宅综合体 | 高效可持续的建筑形态与公共空间

本项目始于西班牙塞维利亚境内一个名为Mairena del Aljarafe的自治区的经济复苏之时。它提出了一个不同于该地区传统居住建筑形式的概念，通过对原有规划设计进行修改，在基地上建造出一系列舒适的居住单元。

This project commenced just as the economy was beginning to recover from the recession. The aim was to come up with a residential development that was the different from the one widely used in the area and base on an obsolete partial development plan.

▼住宅综合体远景鸟瞰图，distant bird-eye’s view of the Habitat Bulevar © JESÚS GRANADA

原先的规划设计只提出可以通过设计一系列大宽度的建筑体量和内部庭院来组织通风，但是居住单元的朝向和公共空间的布局并不在考虑范围之内。为了改进原方案，设计团队需要制定出一份详细的研究报告，在保证居住综合体与现有总体规划相吻合的前提下，提出一种与原设计有所不同的建筑体量，为创建新的城市模型提供有力的支持。为了实现这一目标，建筑师采用了一种比自带庭院的传统H型体量更高效、更具可持续性的建筑形式，不仅着重考虑了居住空间的朝向，更在能力范围内尽可能多地创建公共自由空间。

▼住宅综合体俯视图，top view of the Habitat Bulevar © JESÚS GRANADA

The old plan proposed blocks with a wide width and interior courtyards for ventilation, but where the orientation of the homes and the organisation of the free areas were not a priority. To amend the plan, a detailed study had to be drafted, setting out a different type of block, one that was compatible with the general plan in force and which would help to create a new city model. To achieve this, a more efficient and sustainable volume than the traditional “H” block with a courtyard was proposed. The two main objectives were to prioritise the orientation of the homes and to create a free space with as many facilities as possible.

▼住宅综合体近景鸟瞰图，close bird-eye’s view of the Habitat Bulevar © JESÚS GRANADA

建筑的可识别性由三种材料实现：用于立面的硬砖、用于裸露结构的混凝土、以及用于立面遮阳的可折叠金属网。随着一天中时间的变化，光影在在这三种材料表面上投下了丰富的图像，而这一永远处于变化中的光影效果也赋予了Habitat Bulevar住宅综合体一种独一无二的视觉效果。

随着距离的变化，人们对建筑外立面纹理的感知程度也不尽相同。当站在建筑的跟前的时候，人们可以清晰地看到砖墙的纹理和接缝、感受到混凝土独特的触感以及金属网在几何上的完美性。但随着人们与建筑的距离逐渐拉大，建筑的造型也逐渐取代立面的材料细节，在视觉上占据主导地位。

▼住宅综合体沿街外立面远景，distant street view of the Habitat Bulevar © JESÚS GRANADA

▼住宅综合体沿街外立面远景，实墙面与玻璃相结合，distant street view of the Habitat Bulevar with the combination of the solid facade and the glass © JESÚS GRANADA

▼住宅综合体沿街外立面近景，close street view of the Habitat Bulevar © JESÚS GRANADA

Three materials confer its characteristic and identifying image to the building. Clinker brick for the façades, concrete for the exposed structure and sheet metal latticework for the protection of kitchens and stairs. The changing of light and shadow on the texture of these three materials gives a rich image that evolves along the day and which Habitat Bulevar is being recognized.

This perception of textures is also change according to distance … nearly you can see the careful execution of the brick tile, the touch of concrete or the perfection of the geometry of the sheet… but as soon as one moves away from them they are diluted like the threads of a tapestry to give way to the forms that show the large volumes of the building.

▼住宅综合体沿街外立面局部近景，立面采用硬砖和玻璃，partial close street view of the Habitat Bulevar with clinker bricks and glass for the façades © JESÚS GRANADA

▼住宅综合体沿街外立面局部近景，设有可用于立面遮阳的可折叠金属网，partial close street view of the Habitat Bulevar with sheet metal latticework for the protection of kitchens and stairs © JESÚS GRANADA

▼住宅综合体外立面局部近景，下层裸露的结构系统采用混凝土打造而成，partial close exterior view of the Habitat Bulevar with concrete for the exposed structure © JESÚS GRANADA

▼住宅综合体外立面局部近景，立面上砖墙的纹理和接缝清晰可见，partial close exterior view of the Habitat Bulevar with the view of the careful execution of the brick tiles © JESÚS GRANADA

最终，Habitat Bulevar住宅综合体围绕着一个具有城市规模的自由广场空间进行组织，值得一提的是，这个方形广场的规模与塞维利亚阿尔卡萨尔城堡（Alcázar）旁的著名地标Patio Banderas相当。所有的住宅楼都围绕着这个广场排布，从而将其打造为了一个远离城市喧嚣的、安静的世外桃源，不仅为住户提供了一个私密的活动空间，更营造出一种过去的大家庭般的居住氛围——所有的人都住在一起，共同享有一个公共生活空间。

▼住宅综合体围绕着一个具有城市规模的自由广场空间进行组织，the buildings are laid out around a free space with an urban scale © JESÚS GRANADA

Habitat Bulevar was therefore conceived as a residential complex laid out around a free space with an urban scale, with a square comparable in size to the well-know landmark of Patio Banderas beside the Alcázar in Seville. The building is organised around this square. It forms the quiet and isolated nucleus in which the private life of the development unfolds… similar to how people live not so long ago in corral communal dwellings, like one big family.

▼广场上的活动空间，the activity space on the square © JESÚS GRANADA

▼广场上的活动空间，屋顶上圆形的洞口在地面上投下圆形的光斑，the activity space on the square, the circular holes of the roof project circular dots on the ground © JESÚS GRANADA

四座住宅楼的主体量都高12米，皆享有良好的自然通风和采光，同时所有的居住单元都位于最佳朝向的位置，使得首层朝向中央广场的露台空间和上层的阳台空间都享有绝佳的光环境和景观视野。

▼中央广场和住宅楼局部，partial view of the central square and the residential complex © JESÚS GRANADA

▼首层朝向中央广场的露台空间，露台由开有方形孔洞的砖墙围合而成，the terraces enclosed by bricks sunk fences with rectangular holes, orienting the central square © JESÚS GRANADA

▼住宅楼入口，the entrance of the residential building © JESÚS GRANADA

A building model with a 12-metre bay was designed. This allowed the construction on off floor-through apartments with double ventilation and light, where all living areas are placed to the best orientating façade, thus giving the lunges a terraces the best sunning and lighting.

▼从住宅楼的阳台看向中央广场，viewing the central square from the balcony of the residential unit © JESÚS GRANADA

▼起居室，玻璃的落地窗和门确保了室内外空间的联系，the living room, glass french windows and doors provide the connectivity of the interior and exterior spaces © JESÚS GRANADA

▼厨房及外立面上用于遮阳的可折叠金属网，the kitchen and the sheet metal latticework for the protection of kitchens © JESÚS GRANADA

▼室内楼梯，interior stairs © JESÚS GRANADA

▼中央广场局部夜景（左），住宅楼外观局部夜景，光线通过玻璃、金属网和方形孔洞透出来（右），partial night view of the central square (left), partial night view of the residential buildings, the light comes out from the glass, sheet metal latticework and rectangular holes (right) © JESÚS GRANADA

▼首层平面图，1F plan

▼二层平面图，2F plan

▼三层平面图，3F plan

▼立面图，elevations

▼剖面图，sections

Location: Avenida de los Olmos 58, Mairena del Aljarafe (Sevilla)

Promoter: PROMOCIONES HABITAT

Architects: Gabriel Verd Arquitectos + Buró4 Arquitectos SLP

(Gabriel Verd Gallego, Ramón Cuevas Rebollo, Jesús Díaz Gómez, Jorge Ferral Sevilla)

Team: Collaborators: Rafael Jiménez Rodríguez, Rosario Rodríguez Cazorla, Antonio Alonso Campaña, Isabel Jiménez López, Ismael Ferral Sevilla/ Building engineer: manuelcansino arquitectura técnica SLP (Manuel Jesús Cansino Conejero, Carlos Gómez Álvarez) and Eduardo Vázquez López/ MEP engineering: Suringeniería (Luis Romero, Rocío Aubri)/ Project Manager: Bureau Veritas (Eduardo Rodríguez Castro)

Builder: Constructora San José

Photographer: Jesús Granada

Project: May 2017 – Building: March 2019

Area: 14.975,73 sqm + garage 5.377,90 m2 sqm

Construction cost: 11.052.309,00 €

Gabriel Verd Arquitectos

Buró4 Arquitectos SLP