德黑兰“旋转盒子”住宅

可变性和灵活性是Sharifi-ha别墅的代名词。独特的内部环境品质和结构清晰的外部构成，昭示了建筑中富有变化性的空间体量。或开放或闭合的空间变幻，使得建筑具有内向性和外向性双重特性。随着季节与使用功能的变化，建筑内部的空间组织也可以相应作出调整。

Uncertainty and flexibility lie at the heart of the design concept in Sharifi-ha House. The sensational, spatial qualities of the interiors, as well as the formal configuration of its exterior, directly respond to the displacement of turning boxes that lead the building volume to become open or closed, obtaining introverted or extroverted character. These changes may occur according to changing seasons or functional scenarios of floor plans.

▼可变的盒子，the rotating box

如众多其他城市空间形似，该建筑场地拥有相对狭窄的立面宽度。因此，在该项目中设计师需要将二维立面转化成三维立面。Sharifi-ha别墅的开放性和闭合性空间营造皆以传统伊朗住宅为依据，让住宅在Zemestan-Neshin（冬季住房）与Taabestan-Neshin（夏季住房）之间自由切换，满足季节性的居住需求。夏日里，Sharifi-ha别墅以宽敞的户外露台，为居住者营造了开放，透明和具有渗透性的居住空间。在德黑兰冰冷多雪的冬季里，最小化空间开口的闭合空间为住宅营造了良好的保温环境。在该住宅项目中，开放性与闭合性（内向性与外向性）并存的空间模式，为居住者带来了极具变化性的居住体验。

▼呼应传统伊朗住宅形式，reference to traditional Iranian houses

Like many other urban plots, the land for this project had a noticeably narrow façade-width compared with its length. Consequently, our expertise in transforming a two-dimensional façade to a three-dimensional one became indispensable. Here, the openness /closure of the building volume is a reference to traditional Iranian houses, which would dynamically serve as seasonal modes of habitation by offering both a Zemestan-Neshin (winter living room) and Taabestan-Neshin (summer living room) to their residents.In summertime, Sharifi-ha House offers an open /transparent /perforated volume with wide, large terraces. In contrast, during Tehran’s cold, snowy winters the volume closes itself, offering minimal openings in total absence of those wide summer terraces. In this project, the challenges to the concepts of open/closed typology (introverted/extroverted character) led to an exciting spatial transformation of an ever-changing residential building.

▼住宅外貌，exterior view

该住宅内部共分为七个平面：两层地下空间作为家庭社交场所，健身房，及日常休闲养生之用。地面层一部分用作车库，一部分用作日常家政设施。日常家庭活动布置在二层及三层区域，较为私密的家庭空间布置在四层及五层区域。

The House is distributed over seven floors: the two basement floors are allocated to family conviviality, fitness facilities, and wellness areas, while the ground floor hosts Parking and housekeeping rooms. Public activities all happen on the first and second floors, and the family’s private life takes place on the third and fourth floors.

▼剖面分析，section diagram

该住宅项目包含四个主要部分：结构，空间，固定空间和可变空间及其余各部分。当嵌入结构中的可变盒子闭合时，由悬桥相连的两个建筑体量将依靠中央天井获得室内采光。住宅充分适应居住者的居住需求，譬如说，居住者可根据是否有客人到访，将位于三层的客房进行适当的功能调整。同样地，家庭办公区域和早餐区（位于二层和四层的可变空间）可根据客观要求进行功能转变。换句话说，该住宅具备与四季和光照强度相匹配的各种空间，且部分空间已纳入BMS系统，实现住宅能源的有效管理。

The project consisted of four major parts; the fixed volume of the structure, the void, and the fixed volume and the mobile volume, respectively. When the turning boxes are closed, the building captures sunlight throughout the space of the central void, which also connects the two fixed volumes by suspended bridges. The house adapts to the functional needs of its residents. For instance, depending on whether there is a guest or not, the guest room (located on the second floor) can be reconfigured for different purposes. Similarly, home office and breakfast room (turning rooms on the first and third floors) can change the formality of their appearance according to their residents’ desire. In other words, there is always the possibility of having different seasonal or lighting scenarios, some of which have been already considered in the BMS program of the project.

▼主要原理，main concept

▼活动的盒子，rotating boxes

可活动空间的旋转功能实际上是非常简单的实用建造技术，该技术常见于舞台的旋转操控，汽车展陈，以及伊朗的钢铁公司和造船业中。然而该项目中的业主十分钟情于电脑数控技术及其他相似的德国机械，他希望这些结构部件全部来自于德国原产。如此，他可以组织自己的员工参与到装置的制造过程，并培训他们以备未来的修缮之举。在此条件下，设计师则需为该装置设计可折叠扶手和优化嵌入的盒子边界。

活动的盒子，the rotating box

The applied manufacturing technique for the turning mechanism was in fact a simple one; the same method which is currently employed in turning theatrical scenes, turning the floor of car exhibitions, steel companies and the shipping industry in Iran.

But as our client himself was into importing CNC and other similar industrial German machines, he preferred the structural system to be fabricated in Germany. In doing so, he could engage his employees in the manufacturing process and thus train them for future maintenance purposes.

Details of the handrails and air-penetration controlling methods were major issues considered in developing the design of the turning boxes. Designing foldable handrails and refining the edges of the boxes happened to be our feasible solutions.

▼转动原理，rotation process

设计之初，设计师便意识到位于场地中的三棵松树可以作为室内空间的有效组成部分。如今，在住宅的开放模式下，住宅窗口可以愉快地捕捉松树的身影。于建筑红线后退三米的做法，使得设计师为地下空间觅得一个特别的采光口。该采光口位于一处惬意的玻璃池塘之下，而健身房与养生房便分设水池两侧。泳池位于池塘下方，具有反射效果的室内装置将池塘的波光映射在泳池周围，趣味盎然。

From the initial design steps, we noticed that three pine trees outside could be incorporated into the spaces of the interior. Now, in the open mode of the house, the trees are pleasantly captured by the window frames. Stepping back for about three meters from the permitted construction boundary line allowed us to provide splendid daylight for the basement floors by inserting a glass fountain. The fitness and wellness areas are accommodated between this fountain and the basement pool where reflective installations reverberate the water’s radiance all over the space.

▼二层客厅，the living room on the first floor

三层起居室，the living room on the secondfloor

▼中央天井营造室内采光，the central skylight bringing in the natural light

四层家庭办公区位于可变的盒子内，home office is placed in the rotating box on the third floor

▼水池设于玻璃池塘采光口下方 ，swimming pool under the fountain

▼反射装置为室内营造粼粼波光，thereflective installations reverberate the water’s radiance all over the space

▼建筑退后三米形成地面采光口，stepping back for about three meters from the permitted construction boundary line and spare space for a glass fountain

基于住宅的特殊性，设计师需为建筑定制特别的结构系统。在经历数字化建模之后，SAP2000列举了一系列结构的静态和动态表现性能。该结构的主导性能为部分可移动性，这也是在德国的制造和装配过程中需要完成的重要步骤。对于建筑的其他结构来说，起居室的梁承担了该装置的主要荷载。基于该盒子系统的多种装配形式，该荷载计算以装置可能赋予结构的最大负荷值进行预估。此外，为了防止结构变形，在结构设计和测算过程中也考虑了该盒子系统的震动效应。

Considering the specialties of this kind of architecture, the structural system was inevitably a customized one. After digitally modeling the structure, a series of SAP2000 analysis were undertaken to examine static/dynamic performance of the proposed system. Being partially moveable is the dominant feature of this structural assembly, which was contemplated throughout the fabrication process by the German manufacturer company. The main loads all rest on the beams of the living rooms.Due to the various configurations the turning boxes may take, the loading calculation has been estimated based on the largest possible loading value applied to the system. Additionally, in order to prevent structural deformation controlling the probable vibrations in the turning boxes was taken into account during the design/calculations of the structure.

夜景，night view

▼地面层平面图，ground floor plan

二层平面（开放模式）first floor plan (open)

二层平面（闭合模式），first floor plan (close)

▼三层平面（开放模式），second floor plan (open)

▼三层平面（闭合模式），second floor plan (close)

四层平面（开放模式），third floor plan (open)

四层平面（闭合模式），third floor plan (close)

顶层平面，fourth floor plan

-1平面图，-1 floor plan

▼-2平面图，-2 floor plan

▼剖面，section

Location: No.3, Sharifi Dead-End, Saleh Hosseini St., Darrous, Tehran

Project Year: 2010-2013Area: 1400 sqm

Clients: Mojgan Zare Nayeri, Farshad Sharifi Nikabadi

Designer: Alireza Taghaboni

Design Associates: Roohollah Rasouli, Farideh Aghamohammadi,Detailing Design Associates: Bahoor Office (Hamid mohammadi, Amir Taleshi)Senior Consultant in Detail: Shahnaz Goharbakhsh

Supervisions: Shahnaz Goharbakhsh, Alireza Taghaboni

Project Associates: Mojtaba Moradi, Negar Rahnamazadeh, Asal Karami, Majid Jahangiri, Masoud Saghi, Hossein Naghavi, Fatemeh S.Tabatabaeian, Iman Jalilvand

Construction: Imen Sazeh Fadak Consulting Eng

Landscape Consultant: Babak Mostofi Sadri, Omid Abbas Fardi

Structural Design: Sohrab Falahi

Mechanical Consultant: Hoofar Esmaeili

Electrical Consultant: Mohammad Torkamani

Revolving Rooms System: Bumat Company

Photographer: Parham Taghioff, Salar Motahari, Majid Jahangiri