日常的风景·深圳宝安灶下村景观改造设计丨中国深圳丨深圳自组空间

项目背景

Project Background

深圳作为改革开放的先行区，随着城市化的高速发展，由原来的渔村发展成为滨海国际城市，村落也被城市包围慢慢形成了“城中村”。这些城中村是大多数到深圳打拼发展的人的第一个落脚点，也是深圳城市化快速发展的重要因素。

作为深圳的产业大区，宝安区外来务工者数量多、流动性大，城中村为城市环境的优化提升带来了一些难题。2018-2020 年宝安区全面开展“双宜小村”创建工作，进一步提升城中村的基础设施和环境。

深圳是客家文化、广府文化、工业文化、移民文化、海洋文化等多元文化并存的城市，这些文化在城中村得以延续和传承。宝安原居民以广府人和客家人居多，当地的主要语言是粤语和客家话，各街道和原村民仍然使用粤语和客家话。

宝安现有 491 个城中村，大致可以划分为三种类型：第一种是城村，如宝中片区，城市间杂城中村；第二种是厂村，如沙井、松岗片区，以城中村和村属工业为主；第三种是林中村，如石岩街道片区，以山林为主，村属工业区和城中村点缀其中。本项目的灶下村属于宝安城村类型，人口密度高。

▼面向街道开放的榕树广场，Old tree square open to the street ©深圳自组空间

Shenzhen, as a pioneering area for reform and opening up, has developed from a fishing village to an international coastal city with the rapid development of urbanization. The villages are also surrounded by cities and gradually form “urban villages”. Most of these urban villages are the first destination for people who come to Shenzhen to work hard for development, and the urban village is an important factor for the rapid development of Shenzhen’s urbanization.

As an industrial area in Shenzhen, Bao’an District has a large number of migrant workers and high mobility, which has brought some difficulties to the optimization and improvement of the urban environment. From 2018 to 2020, Bao’an District will fully carry out the creation of “Shuangyi Small Villages” to further improve the infrastructure and environment of urban villages.

Shenzhen is a city where Hakka culture, Cantonese culture, industrial culture, immigrant culture, marine culture and other multicultural cultures coexist. These cultures can be continued and inherited in urban villages. Most of the original residents of Bao’an are Cantonese and Hakka, and the main local language is Cantonese and Hakka, and the streets and original villagers still use Cantonese and Hakka.

Bao’an currently has 491 urban villages, which can be roughly divided into three types: the first is urban villages: Baozhong area, and urban villages between cities. The second is factory villages: Shajing and Songgang areas, mainly urban villages and village-owned industries. The third is the village in the forest: the Shiyan street area is dominated by mountains and forests, and the village belongs to the industrial area and the urban village is dotted. Zaoxia Village in this project belongs to the type of Bao’an urban village with high population density.

▼本项目位于深圳宝安区新安街道，The project is located in Xin’an Street, Bao’an District, Shenzhen ©深圳自组空间

场地概况 & 问题

Site Statement & Existed Issues

本项目位于深圳宝安区新安街道，宝民社区灶下村，西临宝民一路，东临创业二路，北临宝豪华庭小区。灶下村综合治理面积约为 76170 平方米，共有 278 栋建筑。灶下村处于宝安老城区与新兴宝安中心区的边缘，经过城市发展变迁，由原来的典型的岭南村落演变成现在被高密度城市包围的典型深圳城中村。乡村原有的文脉慢慢被切断，本土记忆逐渐消失。村内的街道也逐渐老化和公共空间缺失，使社区缺乏活力和参与，建筑立面老旧和底层商铺招牌凌乱，城中村整体环境比较杂乱和破旧。

The project is located in Xin’an Street, Bao’an District, Shenzhen, Zaoxia Village, Baomin Community. The comprehensive treatment area of Zaoxia Village is about 76,170 square meters, with a total of 278 buildings. Zaoxia Village is located on the edge of Bao’an old city and the new Bao’an central area. After urban development and changes, it has evolved from a typical Lingnan village to a typical Shenzhen urban village surrounded by high-density cities. The original context of the village is slowly cut off, and the local memory gradually disappears. The streets in the village are also gradually aging and the public space is missing, which makes the community lack vitality and participation. The building facades are old and the shop signs on the ground floor are messy. The overall environment of the urban village is relatively cluttered and dilapidated.

▼灶下现状图，Existed Issues ©深圳自组空间

回归日常的风景

Ordinary Scenery

城中村的多元人口和丰富的业态体现了城市的多样性和生命力。在灶下村，这里有开了 20 几年的老餐厅、缝衣店、洗衣店、杂货店和五金店等，拥有最接地气、最多元、最混杂的人间烟火气的城市生活场景。

The diverse population and rich business formats of urban villages reflect the diversity and vitality of the city. In Zaoxia Village, there are old restaurants, sewing shops, laundry shops, grocery stores and hardware stores that have been open for more than 20 years. The most diverse, the most mixed urban life scene in the world.

▼街区建筑立面与街区铺地修缮，Building facade renovation & Street paving repairs©深圳自组空间

灶下村景观提升改造，是一个不改变现状人口结构，尊重现状并积极回应社区居民日常生活诉求的环境提升。著名的建筑理论家扬盖尔在《人性化城市中》中提到，“我们塑造了环境，环境将重新塑造我们”。日常的风景，才是可持续的记忆，美好的日常风景由不同群体及不同生活方式构成，每个人每天都会进行的事件，晒太阳，树下聊天、结伴公园活动等，这些日常使我们的城市变得丰富多彩和富有活力。设计通过边界重塑，组织整体环路，闲置空间释放，尊重在地文化重新构建灶下村的日常风景。

The landscape upgrading and reconstruction of Zaoxia Village is an environmental improvement that does not change the current population structure, respects the status quo, and actively responds to the daily demands of community residents. The famous architectural theorist Jan Gail mentioned in “Humanizing the City”, “We shape the environment, and the environment will reshape us”. Everyday scenery is a sustainable memory. Beautiful daily scenery consists of different groups and different lifestyles. The events that everyone does every day, such as basking in the sun, chatting under the trees, and partnering in park activities, make our city colorful and vibrant. The design reshapes the boundary, organizes the overall loop, releases the idle space, and respects the local culture to reconstruct the daily scenery of Zaoxia Village.

▼电箱边界设计成互动历史墙，Electric box boundaries are designed as interactive history walls ©深圳自组空间

▼描绘历史“新安县地图”的艺术墙，Art wall depicting the historical Xin’an Map ©深圳自组空间

▼土地庙一侧的“宝安村落变迁盒子”，Bao’an Village Change Box on the side of the Temple ©深圳自组空间

▼盒子与传统材料的结合，A combination of boxes and traditional materials ©深圳自组空间

榕树的新生 Rebirth of Old Tree

灶下村南入口旁边有三棵大榕树，每棵榕树都有超过 200 年的树龄，他们见证了城市发展和灶下的变迁。在这个过程中，这些大榕树也被围墙和违章建筑包裹，后来的人只能通过高高露出的树冠感知到树的存在。

There are three big banyan trees next to the south entrance of Zaoxia Village. Each banyan tree is more than 200 years old. They have witnessed the development of the city and the changes of Zaoxia. In the process, these big banyan trees were also surrounded by walls and illegal buildings. The presence of the tree can only be perceived through the high exposed canopy.

▼榕树广场现状，Current Situation of Old Tree Square ©深圳自组空间

但无论时光如何走远，在岭南村落，到大榕树下乘凉仍然是不变的习惯。榕树给大家留住了许多记忆。榕树代表着“乡愁”，代表着“家”和“根”。

But no matter how far the time goes, in Lingnan villages, it is still a constant habit to enjoy the shade under the big banyan tree. The banyan tree has left many memories for everyone. Banyan tree represents “nostalgia”, representing “home” and “roots”.

▼榕树广场的清晨，Early morning in Old Tree Square ©深圳自组空间

▼打开边界的榕树广场成为村内的重要社交场所，The old tree square that opened the border has become an important social place in the village ©深圳自组空间

设计方案中把现状违章建筑拆除，边界打开并进行进退处理，使榕树下可坐可游可玩的空间最大化，在村内均质且密布的建筑群中，这里成为了最珍贵的交流空间和口袋公园。

In the design plan, the existing illegal buildings are demolished, the boundary is opened, and the advance and retreat treatment is carried out, so as to maximize the space for sitting, swimming and playing under the banyan tree. Among the homogeneous and dense buildings in the village, this place has become the most precious space for communication and communication. Pocket Park.

▼满足不同群体的社交、等候、玩耍，Meet different groups to socialize, wait, play ©深圳自组空间

▼树下的日常，daily life under the tree ©深圳自组空间

▼榕树的新生，Rebirth of old tree ©深圳自组空间

在最靠马路的那棵大榕树下，是村民平时祭祀拜神的土地庙。改造前的庙是村民自发用铁通和挡板简陋搭建的，使用起来比较不便。经过几轮跟居民和社区的沟通，确定了居民比较倾向的较传统的土地庙方案。

Under the big banyan tree that is closest to the road, is the land temple where the villagers usually worship and worship the gods. The temple before the renovation was built by the villagers spontaneously with iron links and baffles, which is relatively inconvenient to use. After several rounds of communication with residents and the community, a more traditional land temple scheme that residents prefer is determined.

▼榕树广场和伯公庙融合为一体，成为村内均质密布建筑群中的珍贵开放场所，becoming a precious open place among the homogeneous and dense buildings in the village ©深圳自组空间

▼榕树下的土地庙庙，面向城市述说历史，The temple under the banyan tree tells the history of the city ©深圳自组空间

缝合社区生活的十字街

Cross Street Of Community Life

灶下村和所有城中村一样，都是社区服务型商业业态为主，依托自建房底层形成菜市场街和社区商业街的十字街，两条街区的业态各异。设计保留街区商业的原真性，与商家共建协同，对各类店面进行微改造，最大程度保留街区的烟火气。同时建立道路的交通边界，适当平衡人车混行的交通使用，令街区的安全性和舒适性得到改善。

Zaoxia Village, like all urban villages, is dominated by community service-oriented business formats. Relying on the ground floor of self-built houses, a cross street of vegetable market street and community business street is formed. The two blocks have different business formats, and the design preserves the authenticity of the block business., co-construction and collaboration with merchants, micro-renovation of various storefronts, and maximizes the preservation of the fireworks in the block. At the same time, the traffic boundary of the road is established, and the traffic use of people and vehicles is properly balanced, so that the safety and comfort of the block can be improved.

▼次巷改造，Narrow alley renovation ©深圳自组空间

项目名称：日常的风景——深圳宝安灶下村景观改造设计/深圳自组空间

项目类型：城市更新

项目地址：深圳市宝安区

景观面积：65000㎡

方案设计：深圳自组空间

方案设计人员：黄丹霞、梁瑞华、杜梦碧、宋敏、周岚、欧婷婷、卢晓燕

公司网站：

施工图设计：中国市政工程东北设计研究总院有限公司深圳分院

业主：深圳市宝安区新安街道办

代建单位：深圳市建筑科学研究院股份有限公司

设计总包：中国市政工程东北设计研究总院有限公司深圳分院

标识设计：深圳市卓影意创文化传播有限公司

施工单位：深圳泛华工程集团有限公司

材料：青砖、石材、钢板

摄影版权：深圳自组空间

项目设计：2020.05

完成年份：2021.05

Project name:Ordinary Scenery – Public Space Renovation of Zaoxia Village, Bao’an, Shenzhen/Zizu Studio

Project type:Urban redevelopment

Project location:Bao’an, Shenzhen

Landscape Area: 65000 ㎡

Design:Zizu Studio，Shenzhen

Leader designer & Team:Danxia Huang、Ruihua Liang、Mengbi Du、Min Song、Lan Zhou、Tingting Ou、XiaoYan Lu

Website:

Construction drawing design：Shenzhen Branch of China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Clients:Xin’an Sub-district Office of Shenzhen Bao’an District

Construction Agent:Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co.,Ltd.

EPC Contractor：Shenzhen Branch of China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Logo design: Shenzhen Zhuoying Yichuang Culture Communication Co., Ltd.

Construction unit：Shenzhen Fanhua Engineering Group Co., Ltd.

Marterials:blue bricks、flamed slab、Steel plate

Photo credit: Zizu Studio

Design year:2020.05

Completion Year:2021.05