二次激活下的乡村活力复苏·德阳高槐村乡村振兴丨中国德阳丨环球地景设计有限公司

最美，人间烟火气。——写在最前

Beauty, everything is a miracle

——

Preface

▼中国第一个荣获 IFLA 大奖的乡村振兴项目

Status of the first rural revitalization project in China to win the IFLA Award

项目简介

Project Introduction

高槐村位于四川省德阳市旌阳区，2014 年还是一个贫困村，在第一次乡村振兴时引入咖啡产业带动经济增收，成为远近闻名的咖啡村。而后，因为产业同质化严重、业态形式单一等原因，高槐村陷入了发展困境，开始逐渐走向没落。

这是一项极具挑战性的任务，它并非常规意义上的乡村振兴项目，二次振兴意味着更大的阻力：首先，当地不再愿有较大的资金投入和精力付出；其次，村民的信任感难建立；再者，原生环境已被部分开发，遭到一定程度的破坏；最后，回归的“新农人”产生对乡村期待的落空，“留心”不定，高槐村再次面临人才流失的危机。

Gaohuai Village is located in Jingyang District, Deyang City, Sichuan Province. In 2014, it was a poor village. During the first rural revitalization, the coffee industry was introduced to promote the economic growth hence developing into a well-known “coffee village”. However, due to the serious homogeneity of the industrial business, Gaohuai Village fell into a development predicament and began to decline gradually.

This is a particularly challenging task because it is a non-typical rural revitalization project. He greater resistance and challenges would be expected in the second revitalization. First, the local investment and determination is no longer likely; secondly, it is difficult to build the trust of the villagers; thirdly, the original environment has been partially developed and damaged to a certain extent; Finally, the returning “new peasants” have failed to expect the village, and Gaohuai Village once again faced the crisis of brain drain.

▼村貌变化，Changes in the appearance of the village

设计思考 Design Pondering

乡村振兴是个宏大的命题，景观设计师的介入是以“生态”为基点，但通常思维逻辑背后反映到现实思考行为是：

如何能够持续性吸引游客？

如何能够留下回归人才？

如何能够改善村民生活、提高经济活力？

如何能守护乡土的生态资源优势？

这时，生态优势变成了一种手段，优先服务于游人，吸引外来者，着眼经济增收。

Rural revitalization is a grand proposition. The intervention of landscape architects is based on “ecology”, but the logic here should build from the actual behavior, for instance, how do the place attract tourists continuously? How can we keep the talents? How can we improve the lives of villagers and enhance economic vitality? How can we protect the ecological resource advantages of the countryside? Therefore, ecological advantages have become a means of prioritizing tourists, attracting outsiders, and focusing on increasing economic income.

▼改造后的乡村鸟瞰，aerial view of the village after renovation

然而，乡村振兴是在时间轴上线性发展的重大战略性任务，它的时间性不止体现在未来持续性的活力复苏，更在于振兴发展对象的时间优先级考量。

于此，我们接手高槐村二次振兴任务时，从乡土构成对象中的驻留时间长短出发——夯实自然生态基础，提升村民生活品质，稳定新农人扎根驻留，共鸣游人乡土归属，回归初心，以“生态——村民——新农人——游人”为序对高槐村进行振兴设计。

However, rural revitalization is a major strategic task with linear development on the time axis. Its timeliness is not only reflected in the continuous recovery of vitality in the future, but also in the consideration of the time priority of revitalization and development objects. Here, when we took over this project, we started from the length of residence time among the objects in the rural area—consolidating the natural ecological foundation, improving the quality of life of the villagers, stabilizing the roots of new farmers, and resonating with the local ownership of tourists. Returning to the original intention, the revitalization design of Gaohuai Village is carried out in the order of “Ecology – Villagers – New Farmers – Tourists”.

▼改造后的乡村，夯实自然生态，village after renovation with natural ecological foundation

设计实践 Design Practice

自然做工，夯实乡土生态基底 |Let Nature Do Its Work and Consolidate the Foundation of Local Ecology

高槐村在第一次乡村振兴时，村落河道及周边环境遭到破坏，垃圾污染严重，影响村民农业耕作，同时加重洪涝灾害；首次乡振引入外来物种，侵害本地植物生存空间，植被出现不同程度的退化。

During the first rural revitalization of Gaohuai Village, the river and surrounding environment of the village were destroyed. The garbage pollution was too severe, which has affected the farming of the villagers. At the same time, the earlier work aggravated the flood disaster of the site, and introduced alien species unreasonably, which led to the encroachment of the living space of native plants and the degradation of vegetation to varying degrees.

▼曾经的高槐村，Gaohuai Village in the past

针对高槐村的生态现状，我们尽可能以自然手段对水系统、植物系统进行生态修复，增强村落生态系统的自我调节、自我修复功能，维护生态平衡，进一步提高乡村的生态资源优势。

In view of the ecological status of Gaohuai Village, we try our best to restore the water system and plant system by natural means, enhance the self-regulation and self-repair functions of the village ecosystem, maintain the ecological balance, and improve the ecological resource advantages of the village in a further level.

▼改造后的水路鸟瞰，aerial view of the water way after renovation

恢复水生态系统：梳理汇水路径，利用重力做功，通过沟、塘、泊等自然方式分洪治涝、蓄集、净化水系，结合竖向设计搭建多级台地，形成“水泊沟回”生态景观水系。

同时，规划污水处理系统，解决后期多业态的排污处理需求。

Restoring Water Ecosystems: In the early stage, we used gravity to work by sorting out the catchment path, and used natural methods such as ditches, ponds, and moors to divide floods, control waterlogging, store water, and purify the water system. Combined with vertical design. We built multi-level platforms to form a “water, pond, ditch, and back” ecological landscape water system. At the same time, the sewage treatment system is planned to meet the needs of multi-format sewage treatment in the later stage.

▼恢复水生态系统，restore the water ecosystems

▼多级台地

multi-layer platforms

▼亲水空间

space close to the water

建立原生植物系统：研究分析本土植物，选出用于景观打造的植物品种，建立试验田对其进行交叉搭配种植试验，通过一段时间的自然生长与竞争，筛选出具有优势的原生植物品种，形成科学的理论数据。在高槐村的植物设计中，合理利用当地优势品种，以保证长期的景观效果，同时降低后期维护成本。

Establishing Native Plant Systems: We analyze native plants and select plant varieties for landscape construction. An experimental field has been set up for cross-planting experiments. Through a period of natural growth and competition, we screen out the dominant native plant varieties and create the scientific theoretical data. In the plant design of Gaohuai Village, the reasonable use of local dominant varieties is used to ensure long-term landscape effects and reduce maintenance costs in the later period.

▼不同品种的原生植物，various species of native plants

村民共建，低成本实现景观营造 |Advocating Villagers to Build Together and Realizing Landscape Construction at Low Cost

原村落在第一次做乡村振兴改造时，修建了多处“网红”点，随着人气的衰落，“景点”逐渐被弃置，呈现着破落的状态。它们的长期留存，无益于村民的生产生活，却不时提醒着之前乡振的失败，也浇灭了村民对乡村振兴的热情，动摇着村民对设计团队的信心。

缘此，我们提出了“村民共建”。从村民的实际需求出发，以生态建设为支点，以低成本开发为目标，实现满足村民生活生产的乡村景观营造。

When the village was renovated for the first time, many “Internet celebrity” spots were built. With the decline of popularity, the “spots” were gradually abandoned, showing a state of dilapidation. Their long-term retention is not conducive to the production and life of the villagers, but it reminds the failure of the earlier township revitalization from time to time, and it also dampens the enthusiasm of the villagers for the rural revitalization and shakes the confidence of the villagers in the design team.

For this reason, we proposed the “village co-construction”. Starting from the actual needs of the villagers, with ecological construction as the fulcrum, and low-cost development as the goal, we realize the construction of rural landscapes that meet the needs of the villagers’ living and production.

▼村民参与建设，villagers participating in the construction process

我们规整重要交通要道，服务村民出行；建造村落集会广场，满足村民集会议事、开展文娱活动等需求；修复年久濒危的过河吊桥，缩短两岸距离，重拾旧时村落回忆；增设休闲亭、对荒弃构筑物进行生态简修再利用、增设农作物市集交易点等系列设计，皆落点服务于为村民生产生活。

We organize important traffic routes to serve villagers to travel. We build village assembly squares to meet the needs of villagers for meetings and cultural and recreational activities. At the same time, we repair the long-endangered river crossing suspension bridge, shorten the distance between the two banks, and restore the old village memories. In addition, we added a series of designs such as leisure pavilions, ecological restoration and reuse of abandoned structures, and addition of crop market trading points, all of which serve the production and life of the villagers.

▼规整重要道路，organize important traffic routes

▼修复吊桥，repair the suspension bridge

▼新建的桥梁和休闲空间，new bridge and leisure space

同时，考虑到村里儿童的成长需求，我们多点位多元化穿插色彩设计，增添缤纷童年乐趣。

Considering the growth needs of children in the village, we have diversified and interspersed color designs at multiple points to add colorful childhood fun.

▼彩色的设计增添童年乐趣，colorful design enhancing childhood experience

在景观营造时，我们弱化设计痕迹，尽可能保留村落里原石、原木，保持村民正常生活状态，在重要节点上强化生态指引，草、木、河、田、桥、石、鱼、虫皆生活，放大乡村景观的氛围感，强化人们内心的乡土情怀。在设计建造中，也多取材当地，在保持生态朴风、降低成本的同时，提供多个基础岗增加村民就业，实现共建。

When designing the landscape, we weakened the design traces, kept the original stones and logs in the village as much as possible, supported the normal living conditions of the villagers, and strengthened ecological guidance on important nodes. Grass, wood, rivers, fields, bridges, stones, fish, and insects all live. Our design aims to amplify the atmosphere of the rural landscape and strengthen people’s inner rural feelings. In the design and construction, we also draw more local materials. While supporting the ecological simplicity and reducing costs, we provide multiple basic posts to increase the employment of villagers and realize joint construction.

▼弱化空间中的设计痕迹，weaken the design traces in the space

此外，我们革新性引入微生物分解垃圾技术，指导村民及产业经营者自主利用微生物发酵降解处理餐厨等生活垃圾，减少环境污染，处理转化生产出高品质菌肥用于农业耕作，改良土壤，形成资源化循环，实现村民增收。

In addition, we innovatively introduced microbial waste decomposition technology to guide villagers and industry operators to independently use microbial fermentation to degrade household waste such as kitchen waste, reduce environmental pollution, process and transform to produce high-quality bacterial fertilizer for agricultural farming, improve soil, and form recycling of resources to increase villagers’ income.

▼改良的农田与栈道，improved soil and path through the farmland

▼自然的生活环境，natural living environment

景观布局，助力新农人价值成就 |Planning Landscape layout to help new farmers achieve value

根据新农人各自技术优势，结合分析市场需求与高槐村自身的特色，我们鼓励在现有的咖啡业态基础上，催生引入潮扇制作、民谣创作、青溯植染等新业态，提升文创农创氛围，构建“农文旅+众创田园”产业模式，持续打造多元化产业生态圈，补充消费者在高槐吃、住、游、学等多方位乡村体验需求，形成商业价值相互支撑，以“众创、共建、共享、共赢”为目标，实现新农人价值转化，全面推进高槐村的经济文化发展。

According to the respective technical advantages of the new farmers, combined with the analysis of market demand and the characteristics of Gaohuai Village, we encourage the introduction of new formats such as tide fan production, folk song creation, and green plant dyeing based on the existing coffee format, so as to improve the cultural and creative agricultural atmosphere. We build an industrial model of “agriculture cultural tourism + public creation and pastoral gardens”, continue to build a diversified industrial ecosystem, supplement consumers’ needs for multi-faceted rural experience in Gaohuai, such as eating, living, traveling, and studying, and form mutual support for commercial value. With the goal of “creating, co-constructing, sharing, and win-win”, it will realize the transformation of the value of new farmers and comprehensively promote the economic and cultural development of Gaohuai Village.

▼丰富的活动推进乡村经济发展，various activities promote the economic development of the village

在景观布局上，根据每个新兴业态的场地需求，我们有的放矢地对衔接的公共场域进行战略性让位布景。如针对偏手工艺或有外展需求的业态，我们布景时也将给公共空间设置更多的留白，以供外摆场地更多功能性使用。业态场地与公共空间相互呼应，整体而规，更好助力价值转化。

In terms of landscape layout, according to the site needs of each emerging business, we strategically give way to the connected public area. For example, for businesses that are partial to handicrafts or have outreach needs, we will also set more blank spaces for the public space when setting the scene for more functional use of the venue. The business venue and public space echo each other, so as to better and integrally facilitate the transformation of value.

▼适合不同活动的场地设计，public areas appropriate for different events

景承乡情，激活乡村旅游发展 |The Scenery Undertakes the Nostalgia and Activates the Development of Rural Tourism

高槐村的二次振兴建设，我们坚持强化乡土特有的生态资源优势，坚持服务当地村民的生产生活，坚持平衡业态场地需求与公共空间营造，一切以乡土扎根为目标，增强村落里人、物、景的归属。

本心的坚持，让大家更能聚力专注于乡村建设，紧扣“乡土”核心，这也是乡村旅游的关键点。如此做为，反而更打动、吸引游人，促进了乡村旅游发展，实现经济增收。

In the second revitalization and construction of Gaohuai Village, we have strengthened the unique ecological resources advantages of the local area. At the same time, we insist on serving the production and life of local villagers, and insist on balancing the needs of business sites and the creation of public space. We will not forget our original intention, so that everyone can concentrate more on rural construction. It is closely linked to the core of “rural”, which is also the key point of rural tourism. In doing so, it will impress and attract tourists, promote the development of rural tourism, and increase economic income.

▼改造后的乡村吸引了大量游客前来，numerous visitors attracted to the renovated village

时隔四年，我们重返高槐，人气鼎盛。村领导告诉我们，现在的高槐，年吸引游客 50 万人次，旅游收入超过 5000 万元，人均年收入达 26500 元，村民的幸福指数非常高。

高槐村经久不衰的乡村活力，源自于它并非是传统的、刻板的、秩序的美，更多呈现出的是“味“，是”情“，是满满的蕴着中国人骨子里对乡土情怀的理想的境。

After four years, we have returned to Gaohuai village, which becomes very popular. The village leaders told us that Gaohuai village now attracts 500,000 tourists a year, and the tourism income exceeds 50 million yuan, and the per capita annual income reaches 26,500 yuan, which makes the villagers’ happiness index very high.

The enduring rural vitality of Gaohuai Village stems from its non-traditional, non-stereotype and non-orderly beauty. It presents more of the “flavor” and “sentiment”, which is full of the ideal environment that contains the Chinese people’s deep feelings for the country.

▼充满活力的空间，space full of vitality

写在最后

Words in the End

二次振兴后的高槐村有着最美的人间烟火气，月复月，年复年，听鸟鸣诉时逝，闻清风寄归思。人们在这里安心生活，人们在这里情系乡土。高槐村，让来者有所得，让居者有可期。这是一片充满希望与梦想的“未来”。

After the second revitalization, everything is a miracle in Gaohuai village. Month after month, year after year, listening to the birdsong and telling the passing of time, and smelling the breeze sent back to our thoughts. People live here and love here with peace of mind. Gaohuai Village, let the comers have something to gain, and let the residents have something to look forward to. This is a “future” full of hopes and dreams.

▼夜景，night view

项目名称：二次激活下的乡村活力复苏——德阳高槐村乡村振兴

项目类型：乡村振兴

设计方：环球地景设计有限公司

公司网站：

项目设计：2018 年

完成年份：2021 年

设计团队：

主创：罗冰梅、韦婷；

景观设计团队：陈彪、何廷、曲磊、吝丽、陈玟霖、张子悦；

种植设计师：田春雷、廖阳

展陈设计师：熊峰、王雅、蒋正福

项目地址：四川省德阳市

建筑面积：953212㎡

摄影版权：亦方丘摄影

合作方：袈蓝建筑

艺术家：冀川、萧彬、张哲溢、耕田等

客户：德阳市政府