麦地那广场遮阳项目丨沙特阿拉伯麦地那丨SL Rasch

麦地那被认为是伊斯兰最重要的圣城之一，Al-Masjid an-Nabawi清真寺便坐落于此，其中设有先知穆罕默德的坟墓。每年，上百万朝圣者会随着伟大的朝圣之旅Hajj来到这里共同祈祷。由于拜访圣地的朝圣者数量连年增加，清真寺需要增加自身的容量。为此，人们决定在清真寺外扩建一处更大的广场。多年来，先知清真寺的内院使用SL Rasch设计的的伞罩遮阳，获得了了使用者的积极反馈。该项目以此为参考，在广场上覆盖轻质结构，旨在为祷告、集会和交流活动创造有遮蔽的区域，抵御沙特的高温。SL Rasch计划在清真寺前院建造250把遮阳伞，为15万平米的区域提供荫蔽，形成世界上最大的可变遮阳屋面。

▼遮阳伞覆盖的广场鸟瞰，aerial view of the plaza covered by umbrellas

Medina is considered one of the most important holy cities of Islam and is home to the mosque Al-Masjid an-Nabawi with the tomb of the Prophet Mohammed. Millions of pilgrims come to this place every year following the great pilgrimage Hajj to pray together. Due to the increasing number of worshippers who visit the holy place annually, the mosque’s capacity had to be increased. For this, a mosque extension in the form of a larger piazza was decided. Following the example of the inner courtyard of the Prophet’s Mosque, which has been shaded for several years by umbrellas from SL Rasch, and the positive feedback after their installation and commissioning, the idea was raised to also cover the piazza with lightweight structures. The intention was to provide protection from the hot Saudi temperatures and to create a sheltered area for prayers, meetings and exchanges. Therefore, SL Rasch planned and built 250 umbrellas on the forecourt of the mosque, shading an area of 150,000 m² and thus forming the largest convertible shading roof in the world.

▼伞下的朝圣人群，pilgrims under the umbrellas

▼伞下空间，space under the umbrellas

遮阳伞创造的光影在清真寺前院形成了独特个氛围。可变结构打开时，彩色的饰带和接缝使它们看上去如同花朵一般。设计关注细节，遮阳伞无论闭合还是打开都能融入当地环境，成为清真寺外观的补充。为了和清真寺建筑保持一致，遮阳伞闭合时的包层由高品质的马赛克组成。

The play of light created by the umbrellas generates a unique atmosphere on the forecourt of the mosque. When the convertible structures unfold, they present themselves almost in a floral appearance through the colored ribbons and seams. With an eye for detail, the design of the umbrellas was developed both when closed and when open, so that they blend into the local context and complement the appearance of the mosque. In keeping with the architecture of the mosque, the cladding of the umbrellas for the closed condition was set with high-quality mosaics.

▼关闭的结构与环境相融合，closed structure corresponded with the context

▼打开后的结构鸟瞰，aerial view of the open structure

从策划到品控，再到施工管理、项目管理和安装，SL Rasch负责了项目的全部阶段。建筑师设计了一种采用创新折叠臂系统的伞状结构。26×26米的遮阳伞被设置在不同高度，相互重叠，形成了一片连续的顶棚。考虑到前院的朝向，主轴上留出的空隙为人们提供了看向清真寺和尖塔的视野。

SL Rasch was responsible for the entire project, from planning to quality assurance, construction management, project administration and installation. A type of umbrella with an innovative folding arm system was designed. The 26 x 26 meter umbrellas are arranged at different heights and overlapping, creating a continuous canopy. For orientation on the forecourt, spacings in the main axis provide a view of the mosque and the minarets.

▼从伞下空间看向清真寺，view to the mosque from under the umbrellas

轻质结构由钢框架和高品质膜结构组成，可以抵御恶劣天气和紫外线辐射。特别开发的聚四氟乙烯纤维防尘、抗磨损，可以承受高拉伸荷载。此外，柱子上安装了喷雾风扇和灯光系统，提供降温和充足光照。软件控制的电轴驱动保证伞面可以在180秒内打开或关闭。

The lightweight structures consist of a steel framework and a high-quality membrane that protects against weather and UV radiation. The specially developed Teflon fabric is dirt-repellent, wear-resistant and withstands high tensile loads. In addition, the columns are equipped with misting fans and lighting system to provide cooling and sufficient light. The electric spindle drive ensures that the umbrellas can be opened and closed within 180 seconds under software control.

▼结构细部，structure details

▼夕阳下的遮阳伞，umbrellas in the dusk

▼夜晚鸟瞰，柱子上的灯具提供照明，aerial view in the night, lighting system on the columns providing light

▼夜晚的伞下空间，space under the umbrellas in the night

控制系统带来了最大的灵活性，可以根据不同的场合和前院的占用率改变结构的开合，满足个人或团体的需求。高品质材料和经过充分考虑的高效设计将遮阳屋面塑造成了一个耐久且美观的独特建筑项目。SL Rasch借此获得了Abdullatif Al-Fozan清真寺建筑奖。

The control system offers maximum flexibility – depending on the occasion or the capacity utilization of the forecourt, the convertible structures can be operated individually or in groups as needed. High-quality materials and a well thought-out, efficient design make the shading roof a very durable and aesthetically unique architectural project, for which SL Rasch was awarded the Abdullatif Al-Fozan Award for Mosque Architecture.

▼不同的开合形式，different using patterns of the umbrellas

▼平面图，plan

▼立面图，elevation

▼剖面图，section

Location: Medina, Saudi Arabia

Year: 2011

Type: Umbrellas

Expertise: Architecture, Engineering

Technical data

Steel frame with folding arm system

Spindle drive

PTFE fabric (Teflon)

Custom lighting system

Glass fibre reinforced composite cladding panels with glass mosaic tiles

Misting fans

Umbrella height: 21.7 m (folded), 14.4 m or 15.3 m (deployed)

Weight: 20 t, Electric spindle drive

Opening time: 180 seconds

Shaded area: 600 m² per umbrella, 150,000 m² in total

Awards: Abdullatif Al Fozan Award