重塑生态平衡，西班牙 CLUB MED 图德拉修复工程

景观，先是科学再是艺术。

有观点认为：生态学描述了人类介入自然界的限度和条件，这个条件和限度，最终决定了景观的开发方向、政策和力度，这也是对“到底要保护还是开发”这种无聊问题解答时最有效的论据。开发是必然的。而开发的前提，就是不能超过这个“人类介入自然界的限度和条件”，自然界有着既强大又脆弱的自身恢复能力，所以“平衡”两个字，非常精确的描述了自然界的这个状态。

一个平衡，优雅的景观修复项目！！！

In 1961, on the eastern tip of Iberia Peninsula, Cap de Creus cape, one the windiest and mostnorthern exposed corner of our geography, Club Med constructed a privative holiday villagewith 430 buildings to receive around 900 visitors 3 months a year. The urbanization projectit is considered as one of the most notorious examples of modern movement settlement onthe Mediterranean coast. With the advent of democracy and the rise of ecologicalconsciousness, Cap de Creus was declared Natural Park in 1998. The cape, including Club Medsurroundings, was classed with the highest figure of land protection because its outstandinggeological and botanical values. In summer 2003 Club Med ceased activity.

In the period, 2008-10, Club Med has been ‘deconstructed’, its ecological dynamics revived anda network of paths and viewpoints as been ‘remade’ for its rediscovery, becoming Mediterranean coast biggest restoration project ever. The work distills and enhances the consubstantial values of the site, the diversity of geological formations, the harshness and nakedness of the rock outcrops, the specialization of native vegetation, the wind and these a magnificence.

Five actions are contemplated in the restoration project:

1. Removal of Invasive Exotic Flora (IEF), Carpobrotus edulis and other 10 species on a surface of 90 ha. IEF once planted in the Club scattered around displacing specialized maritime rocky native communities of EU protected flora.

2. Selective deconstruction of 430 buildings, equivalent of 1.2 ha of edification and 6ha of urbanization.

3. Management & recycling of 100% of construction waste, 45.000 m3, reusing ‘in situ’ local stone for landfills, and transporting ceramic materials outside for civil works.

4. Ecosystem dynamics revival, remaking the site’s topography and drainage systems, to reestablish the original sediment flows and exchanges between land and sea.

5. Discovery & social valorization. Including 3 main interventions:

– Hierarchical path system recycling existing paths and promoting circular routes.

– Main path (2km) structuring the site’s discovery, it reuses the existing main road and reduces its section from 7-4 m to 3.5 m while homogenizes paving treatment with asphalt. At the beach, 250m are newly redone to recover the beach full dimension, once quartered by the former road system.

– Secondary paths, out of concrete, leading to the main viewpoints

– Tertiary paths, ‘without firm, out of low disperse railings, which leads to the secondary network of viewpoint and sensitive areas.

– Network of viewpoints to enhance best panoramas.

– Animal-rock identification. Traditionally fishermen’s and kids had identified rock formations with animal names for its orientation, Dalí did too. The project, proposing a game of perception constructs a sort of ‘lecterns’ outlining the ‘animal-rocks’ silhouette

CAP DE CREUS CAPE的图德拉修复工程(CLUB MED)

这个位于西班牙伊比利亚半岛东端面北的修复工程于最近完成。这里风很大，在1961年的时候建造了430栋建筑，并作为一年中3个月开放的度假村使用，同时可以接待900人。这个项目可以算是地中海沿岸最臭名昭著的现代主义运动例子。随着人们民主和生态意识的提高，这里在1998年被宣布成为“自然公园”，同时因为其杰出的地质环境和植被条件达到保护级别的最高标准，在2003年，这里停止经营活动。

在此期间，2008年的10月起，CLUB MED被重新“解构”，恢复其生态和动态路径和网络，并成为地中海沿岸最大修复工程。景观师的工作使得场地的裸露岩石，原生植被，海以及风，都得到最佳的展现。

修复工作主要有5项重点：

1 去除外来入侵植物种类。涉及到90公顷面积内10个左右的植物品种。

2 对曾经的430栋楼进行选择性拆除。大约有1.2公顷的改建和6公顷的修整。

3 100%管理和回收由改建造成的45000立方米建筑垃圾，将他们用于土方填埋，以及转化为民用外部建材。

4 生态系统修复，重塑网站地形和排水系统，重建雨水径流，更好的参与海陆循环。

5 探索挥发其社会意义。主要有以下方面。A 分层次的道路系统，循环的道路体系。B将场地2公里长的主路宽度由7米将至3.5米。同时采用环保路面。在海滩上，将以前4分之一大约250米长的道路系统重建。C从主路分支的二级道路将引导人们达到最好的观景点。D 化石鉴定。按照惯例请当地的渔民和孩子对化石中动物进行识别，设计师将其系统归纳，并在化石的一侧作出标记以方便人们进行学习了解。

TUDELA (CLUB MED) RESTORATION PROJECT IN CAP DE CREUS CAPE

– Location: Cap de Creus cape, Cadaqués, Catalunya, Spain

– Designer(s):

Architects: ARDÈVOL CONSULTORS ASSOCIATS S.L.P Ton Ardèvol

Collaborators EMF: M. Batalla, M. Bianchi, A. Lopez, G. Batllori, L. Majer,

C. Gomes M. Solé, L. Ochoa, J.L Campoy

Collaborators Ardèvols: Raul Lopez, Cristina Carmona.

– Commissioned by: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino. Generalitat de

Catalunya. Parc natural del Cap de Creus. Gestora de runes de la construcció S.A

– Construction companies : Tragsa, Control Demeter, Massachs i Jardinería Sant Narcís.

– Area: 200 ha

– Period of design: 2005-2007

– Implementation period: 2009-2010

– Photographers: Martí Franch, Pau Ardèvol, Esteve Bosch

-management of the deconstruction: Jose Luis Tostado, MMAMRM

MORE:

EMF Landscape Architecture

，更多请至：