靖江市滨江新区垃圾中转站丨中国江苏丨潘晖建筑设计工作室

2022/09/30 11:30:44

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此垃圾中转站项目位于江苏省靖江市滨江新区，主体建筑占地面积 1900 平方米，地上高度 9.2m，地下深 3.9m。该项目处于尚未开发的新区边缘地带，离长江直线距离不到 1 公里。规划中此垃圾站将承担起此片区域周围居民生活垃圾的收集和中转功能。

This waste transfer station project is located in Binjiang New District, Jingjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China. The main building covers an area of 1900 square meters, with a ground height of 9.2 m and a depth of 3.9 m underground. In the plan, this waste transfer station will undertake the functions of collecting and transferring the garbage of residents around the area.

▼项目概览

overview

垃圾中转站站房是一种具有特殊功能的建筑类型。它的设计建造有一套标准化的流程。在过往的该类型建筑的设计中，满足功能是第一要务。谁也不曾想过在这样的建筑类型中寄予特殊的情感。垃圾中转站与城市空间的关系，内部使用者的感受和最基本的室内空间美学都被人们抛弃了。它似乎成了城市不可对外展示的阴角。本案所努力尝试的既是在这样最平凡的类型中，回归建筑学的基本要义。我们想在现有的条件下做一个看上去尽量不那么像垃圾站的垃圾站。

Waste transfer station is a type of building with special functions. There is a standardized process for its design and construction. In the past, in the design of this type of building, meeting the function was the first priority. No one had ever thought of placing special emotions in such an architectural type. What we are trying to do in this case is to return to the basics of architecture in such an ordinary type.

▼从远处看北立面，view in distance

重塑垃圾站的城市形象 Rebuilding the city image of waste transfer station

垃圾站房是必不可少的城市器官，但是人们对它的形象感受往往是负面的。我们希望改变人们的这种看法，设计一个尽可能美观优雅的垃圾站。

Waste transfer station is an essential urban organ. But people’s feelings about its image are often negative. We want to change this perception and design a waste transfer station that is as beautiful and elegant as possible.

▼从道路看东立面，view from the street

从外部看主体建筑，最令人印象深刻的特征就是其顶部整齐排列的体量凸起——一排由 4 个高 5 米、宽 2 米，长度接近 17 米的巨大天窗组成的采光系统。天窗的设置既能解决地下室的采光问题，同时使建筑造型变得富有韵律。跟随天窗秩序而规律排布的黑色方块作为单纯的图案装饰，使立面在比例上显得更加精致。针对如何在低造价的条件下仍能保证较高的美学品质，局部的图案装饰对我们来说不失为一种经济高效的手段。

Viewed from the outside, the most impressive feature of the main building is its neatly arranged mass bulge at the top - a lighting system consisting of four huge skylights 5 meters high, 2 meters wide and nearly 17 meters long.

▼从道路看东立面，view from the street

事实上，设置天窗系统的立面原本应该朝向北边紧贴马路的一侧。但是在施工图完成之后，用地红线发生了不可逆转的变动。考虑到紧张的设计周期，最终的解决方案是将整个建筑体量旋转 90 度。原本的北立面被转向了东侧，而垃圾站地下空间的入口则转到了马路附近（这实际上是我们应该尽量回避的）。在此特殊情况下，我们索性将原本的西立面在天窗和地下入口体量之间脱开一段距离，从而消解渡江路方向由于巨大的体量而产生的压迫感。这样的操作反倒使北立面呈现出一种特别的气质。

The setting of the skylight can not only solve the lighting problem in the basement, but also make the architectural form full of rhythm. The black squares that are regularly arranged in accordance with the order of the skylights are used as simple pattern decoration, making the façade more delicate in proportion.

▼垃圾中转站沿街入口，the entrance

结构与光线的介入

Intervention of structure and light

从垃圾中转站的功能层面考虑，一个高达 7 米的由常规柱距的垃圾压缩机放置处和大跨度的拉臂车回车场组成的半地下空间是最基本的需求，同时也是其最具特色的使用空间。尽管这些空间从功能角度并不需要体现什么美学价值，然而我们仍尽最大可能利用现有的条件提升品质。

As a waste transfer station, a semi-underground space of up to 7 meters consisting of the conventional column-spacing garbage compressor placement and the large-span trolley return yard is the most basic requirement. The extraordinary scale of the basement and the structural elements of beams and columns in it have become favorable conditions for us to shape the space effect.

▼从地下室入口方向看回车场，view of the large-span trolley return yard

▼垃圾压缩车间望回车场空间，view of the large-span trolley return yard

选择一种恰当的介入方式至关重要。地下室的非日常尺度以及其中的梁柱结构元素成为我们塑造空间效果的有利条件，在立面造型上作为主角的天窗系统在空间中同样起到了关键的作用。自然光被柔和地引入，光线和结构在这里相互交织、层叠。整个空间甚至呈现出一种类似于宗教建筑才具有的宁静与神秘氛围。

The skylight system, which is the protagonist in the facade modeling, also plays a key role in the space. Natural light is brought in softly, where light and structure intertwine and layer. The entire space even presents an atmosphere of tranquility and mystery like a sacred building.

▼回车场的粱与天窗，skylight of the large-span trolley return yard

离地 2 米以内的墙面使用便于清洁的浅色光面瓷砖贴面，而 2 米以上的所有墙面和梁柱都被刷成深灰色。整个空间变得抽象化、去细节化，从而使视觉重心全部集中在光线和结构元素之上。这种材料区分的做法也使得整个空间被分成上下两部分：如果说下部承载着基本功能，那么上部空间则可以承载我们对于彼岸的想象。

Walls up to 2m above the ground are veneered with light-colored glossy tiles that are easy to clean, while all walls and beams above 2m are painted dark gray. The whole space becomes abstract and de-detailed, so that the visual center is all focused on light and structural elements. This material distinction also makes the whole space divided into upper and lower parts: if the lower part carries the basic functions, then the upper space can carry our imagination of the other shore.

▼拉臂车停车库使用便于清洁的浅色光面瓷砖贴面，parking area with light-colored glossy tiles

立面材料与尺度的抽象

Abstraction of Facade Material and Scale

我们选择了 60mmx240mm 的长条形白色哑光面瓷砖贴面作为外立面材质。白色瓷砖因其经济性等特征曾经在中国城乡之间非常流行，但因易脱落等原因渐渐淡出人们的视野。本项目中大部分房间都不需要做保温处理，因而瓷砖能重新作为外立面的材料呈现。其干净卫生的视觉印象能够尽可能减少周围居民的抵触心理。为了使建筑保持一种沉稳之感，并且区别于我们日常所见的光面瓷砖材质，我们选择了比较少见的哑光面瓷砖。瓷砖之间的勾缝并没有使用常见的黑水泥，而是选择了颜色接近的白水泥。白色瓷砖加白水泥勾缝使整个建筑体量从远处看呈现出一种抽象性，像是一个巨大的没有细节的白色体块。其哑光的特性也更难使人从远处识别出所使用的材料，只有一片模糊的白色。而走近时又能渐渐觉察到瓷砖缝隙进而获得基本的尺度感。虽然施工时间仓促，仔细观察瓷砖贴面会有明显的凹凸不平，但是整体的效果仍然令人满意。最有趣的是在傍晚夕阳的照射下，整个立面出乎意料地呈现出一种波光粼粼的色彩渐变效果。

We chose 60mm x 240mm long white matte tiles as the façade material. Its clean and hygienic visual impression can reduce the resistance of the surrounding residents as much as possible. In order to maintain a sense of calmness in the building and to be different from the glossy tiles we see every day, we chose matte tiles, which are rare. The joints between the tiles did not use common black cement but chose the white cement which is close to the color of the tiles. White tiles and white cement joints make the entire building volume appear abstract from a distance, like a huge white volume without details. Its matte nature also makes it more difficult to identify the materials used from a distance, with only a hazy patch of white. And when you approach, you can gradually perceive the gap between the tiles to obtain a basic sense of scale. Although the construction time was rushed, and careful observation of the tile veneer would have obvious unevenness, the overall effect was still satisfactory. The most interesting thing is that in the evening sunset, the entire façade unexpectedly presents a shimmering color gradient effect.

▼傍晚夕阳下整个立面出乎意料地呈现出一种波光粼粼的色彩渐变效果

the entire façade unexpectedly presents a shimmering color gradient effect

▼60×240 白色哑光瓷砖加白水泥勾缝，parking area

在今年年初垃圾站通过了验收，整个设计和建造的过程充满了考验和惊喜。我们对它的未来充满期待，期待它能改变人们对于垃圾站的固有印象，并良好地服务于社会。即使将来功能可能发生改变，我们也同样期待它能因其独特的品质而被继续使用。在此，我们要特别感谢江苏中锐华东设计研究院的荣朝晖老师，感谢他在整个项目过程中给予我们极大的支持和帮助。如何在一个充满不确定的过程中得到一个接近于确定的品质；如何在一个充满限制的条件下得到一个最优化的结果。这将是我们在很长一段时间内需要不断去探索的问题，而这个垃圾中转站只是一个开始。

At the beginning of this year, the garbage station passed the acceptance inspection, and the whole process of design and construction was full of tests and surprises. We are full of expectations for its future, and expect it to change people’s inherent impression of garbage stations and serve the society well. Even if the functionality may change in the future, we also expect it to continue to be used because of its unique qualities.

▼立面施工过程照片，construction process