大梅沙奥特莱斯海绵化改造丨中国深圳

“大梅沙奥特莱斯Outlets景观海绵化改造注重海绵与景观的全过程融合，在完善雨水生态过程的同时，着力于提升空间环境品质、重塑生活场景，以此有效聚集滨水商业小镇的人气，激活商业空间价值，从而实现海绵景观的生态、社会和经济效益的共赢。”

“The sponge city and waterfront landscape upgrading of Dameisha Outlets focus on the integration of facility function and landscape experience in the whole process. The design could improve the ecological process of rainwater, the quality of the spatial environment, and reshape the living scene, to effectively gather the popularity of the waterfront commercial town and activate the value of the commercial space, thus achieving a win-win situation for the ecological, social and economic benefits of the sponge landscape.”

深圳自2016年被列为试点城市以来，将海绵城市建设与治水、治城融合，积极建设河湖公园等生态类项目，绩效评价在第二批试点城市中名列榜首。随着“十四五”规划的落地开展和二〇三五远景目标的提出，全国进入系统化全域推进海绵城市建设示范的新阶段，深圳市在关注大尺度区域型海绵项目的同时，积极探索场地尺度的海绵建设，关注公共空间改造与海绵的融合等领域。

Since being listed as a pilot city in 2016, Shenzhen has integrated sponge city construction with water and urban governance and made many successful ecological projects such as rivers, lakes, and parks, so Shenzhen got good grades in the performance evaluation of the second batch of pilot cities. With the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the proposed vision for 2035, sponge city construction in China turns into a new phase of systematically promoting across the whole region. When completing the large-scale regional sponge projects, Shenzhen begins to focus on site-scale sponge construction and the integration of public space-qualified improvement with sponge facilities.

让海绵景观成为日常-深圳市大梅沙Outlets滨湖景观与海绵化改造

Making sponge landscape as daily life --Sponge city and waterfront landscape upgrading project of Dameisha Outlets, Shenzhen

大梅沙奥特莱斯位于深圳市盐田区东部海岸带，山体连绵，海景开阔，大梅沙河蜿蜒其中，与大梅沙海滨公园、东部华侨城景区、万科国际会议中心、大梅沙国际水上运动中心、大梅沙艺术村等共同形成了深圳重要的城市名片。

Located in the eastern coastal zone of Yantian District, Shenzhen, with rolling hills, open sea views, and the Dameisha River winding through it, Dameisha Outlets, together with Dameisha Waterfront Park, Eastern Overseas Chinese Town Scenic Area, Vanke International Convention Centre, Dameisha International Water Sports Centre, and Dameisha Art Village, form an important city card of Shenzhen.

片区自然本底良好，多年来持续推进山林湖海等环境改善项目，逐步构建并完善区域的生态格局，生态服务价值与环境品质有了较大提升。

With a good natural background and many years of continuous environmental improvement projects such as mountains, forests, lakes, and seas, this area has gradually built an ecological pattern, and the ecological service value and environmental quality have been greatly enhanced.

△ 山海之间的大梅沙奥特莱斯Outlets

Dameisha Outlets between the mountains and the sea

奥特莱斯小镇建于2010年，经过近12年的使用及台风“山竹”等影响，生态功能不足，环境品质下降，空间布局无法满足新时代背景下购物休闲人群和周边居民的日常休闲需求。

Built-in 2010, the Outlets town has already run for nearly 12 years. After years of use and typhoon impact, the quality of the environment has significantly deteriorated, the ecological service value is lacking, and the spatial layout cannot meet the daily leisure needs of the shopping and leisure crowd and the surrounding residents in the new era, so the popularity of the town has significantly declined.

△ 大梅沙奥特莱斯Outlets现状问题

Many issues in Outlets before the upgrade

区域综合研判，“针灸式”塑造景观海绵场景

By comprehensive regional analysis, find the key nodes to shape the landscape sponge scene

以区域视角研究生态过程，结合场地条件精准识别关键节点，以雨水过程为线索，将海绵理念和工法融入场景设计中。期冀通过景观海绵场景的构建，形成蓝绿交织、生态人文共享的滨海特色生态海绵示范片区，打造水文、景观、生态交融共生的高品质商业公共空间，激活大梅沙片区商业文旅休闲的新动能，让海绵景观场景成为生活的日常。

With a regional perspective to study the ecological process and the site conditions to accurately identify the key nodes. The design combined the sponge city concept and work methods with landscape design by reconstructing the rainwater process. The landscape sponge scene will help this area turn to be a sponge demonstration area with coastal characteristics, a high-quality commercial public space with hydrology, landscape, and ecology functions. After the transformation, the commercial people, tourists, and leisure residents will come back to the town again, and the sponge landscape scenes will become part of daily life.

△ 大梅沙奥特莱斯滨水商业空间海绵化景观总图

The general plan of this upgrading work in Dameisha Outlets

△大梅沙奥特莱斯滨湖景观与海绵改造效果

The photos in Outlets after upgrading work

滨水岸线 | Shoreline Platform

综合奥特莱斯商业小镇岸线来看，此段岸线的景观价值最高，原有台阶式驳岸垂直入水，可落座远望，但不便亲水。设计以舒适亲水为核心出发点，以林荫广场为庇护，保留转角瞭望亭，将台阶式驳岸改为”两级落座宽台阶+悬浮平台”的方式，宽台阶可落座远望、平台可亲水互动，丰富了岸线的停留空间，干净利落的平台强化了半岛的特质，夜晚灯光的勾勒更显岛屿的静谧。

This section of the shoreline has the highest landscape value from the perspective of the shoreline of the outlet business town. The originally stepped barge enters the water vertically and can be seated for long-distance viewing, but it is not convenient for the waterfront. The design takes the comfort of the water as the core starting point, using the shaded square as a shelter, retaining the corner observation pavilion, and replacing the step barge with a "two-step wide step + suspended platform" approach. The clean and sharp platform reinforces the character of the peninsula, and the lighting at night enforced the tranquility of the island.

△ 两级落座宽台阶+悬浮平台

two-step wide step + suspended platform

△ 宽台阶可落座远望、平台可亲水互动

Wide steps for seating and viewing, the platform for water interaction

改造后飘台式沿口下方为鱼类提供了躲避、遮荫的好去处；水域吸引黑天鹅逗留，其与人们互动，形成了奥特莱斯新的热点场景，人流量增大的同时，有效激活了周边的商业。

The renovation of the floating table provides a good place for fish to hide and shade; the water attracts black swans to stay, and their interaction with people forms a new hot scene in Outlets, which increases the flow of people and effectively activates the surrounding business.

△ 夜晚灯光的勾勒更显半岛的静谧

Evening lights add to the serenity of the peninsula

△ 轻倚水岸，亲友畅谈，与天鹅合影，成为奥特莱斯最新的网红体验

Leaning on the waterfront, talking to friends, and taking pictures with swans become the latest famous sensation.

△ 改造后的滨水岸线吸引黑天鹅的到访

Renovated waterfront attracts black swans

林荫广场 | Shaded Plaza

原有场地包括造景式水景、花池和陈列灯具，布局方式不利于充分体验商业场景，在经年累月的使用之后，场地出现多处下沉和凹凸不平，由于缺乏下渗功能，常有积水，品质下降。台风“山竹“过后，树木残缺，加之下层地被老化严重，不仅缺失生态价值，也影响了商业功能，人们不愿意在此停留或通过。设计保留原有乔木，补植空缺乔木，提供上层呵护，形成自然华盖，将场地梳理平整，实现整洁有序、通过停留各有所属。

The original site included a landscaped water feature, flower ponds, and display fixtures, and was laid out in a way that was not conducive to a full experience of the commercial scene. After years of use, the site suffered from subsidence and unevenness in many places, and the lack of infiltration led to frequent waterlogging and deterioration in quality. In the aftermath of Typhoon Mangosteen, the trees were left intact but the underlying ground cover was severely degraded, which not only lost its ecological value but also affected the commercial function and made people reluctant to stay or pass through the site. The design preserves the original trees and replants the vacant trees, which form a natural waffle. Smoothing out the site to achieve a tidy and orderly place where people can pass and stay.

△ 黑白灰透水铺装重塑整洁有序广场

Three colors of permeable pavement reshape the tidy square

△ 保留原有乔木、点植空缺乔木，形成自然华盖的林荫广场

Retaining the original trees and planting vacant trees to create a natural wooded plaza

重新划分汇水分区，构建“渗透性铺装+渗透式树穴+开放式线性沟渠+雨水花园“的海绵体系。采用黑白灰三色高品质陶瓷透水砖替换水泥砖，帮助自然下渗。雨水花园分散化布局，就近吸纳和净化雨水，加强雨水路径上的处理能力。陶瓷透水砖、生态树池、雨水花园下铺导流盲管，并与开放式渗渠相连，净化后的雨水导向生态池塘（原荷花池）进行末端净化。

The sponge system of "permeable paving + permeable tree holes + open linear ditches + rain gardens" is built by redrawing the water catchment zones. High-quality ceramic permeable tiles in black, white, and grey are used to replace concrete blocks to aid natural infiltration. Many rain gardens layout dispersedly and they can absorb and purify rainwater in the neighborhoods. The underlain infiltration pipes connect to the open infiltration channels, and the purified rainwater will be directed to the ecological pond for terminal purification.

△ 林荫广场提供多样生态系统服务

The tree-lined plaza provides diverse ecosystem services

△ 透水铺装、渗透树池与渗渠形成完整的海绵系统

Permeable paving, infiltration tree ponds, and infiltration channels form a complete sponge system

改造后场地性能有了很大的提升，雨后即可上人活动，亭亭华盖予以场地荫凉，全时段的舒适度迅速增加了购物人群的数量，也吸引周边居民来此休闲，在层叠的光影中享受林荫下的自在生活。

The performance of the site has been greatly improved after the renovation. Visitors can move around after the rain immediately, and the trees give the site shade. All-day comfort has quickly increased the number of shoppers and attracted neighborhood residents to come here to enjoy their life under the trees.

△ 林荫广场为购物休闲人群提供活动空间

The plaza provides space for shopping and leisure activities.

△广场也成为周边居民生活的重要组成部分

The plaza becomes an important part of the daily life of the surrounding residents

渗透型儿童场地 | Permeable Children Playground

场地内硬底水池已荒废，空间闲置，存在安全与卫生隐患，同时，小镇内缺乏儿童活动场地。设计将废弃水池改造为自然儿童乐园，以期有效利用场地、吸引人流。设计倡导在自然中游戏，将雨水花园镶嵌在地形起伏的游乐场地内，种植大腹木棉，既富有象形特质，又具备遮荫功能。

The hard-bottomed pond on the site has fallen into disuse for many years and made safety and health hazards, while there is no children’s playground in the town. So design transforms the disused pond into a playground, intending to make effective use of the site and increase attraction. With a rain garden set within the undulating playground and a large-bellied cottonwood, children can play in nature.

△ 渗透式可呼吸的儿童地形游乐场地

Permeable terrain playground

传统的非下渗式儿童活动场地普遍存在积水问题，使用不久便因积水导致品质下降，造成使用与维护的困扰。本项目更改传统做法，采用整体渗透式EPDM地面工艺，雨后即可上人活动，同时保证了环境的持久品质，通过海绵景观，用空间滋养温情的亲子时光。

Traditional non-permeable children’s activity areas commonly suffer from waterlogging, which causes deterioration in quality soon after use and causes problems in maintenance. This project has changed the traditional approach by adopting an integral permeable EPDM flooring process, which can improve the infiltration speed, and prolong usable time. The sponge grounds nourish warm parent-child time.

△ 地垫与雨水花园交错处理凸显场地特色，并更利于径流组织

The staggered treatment of mats and gardens is good for runoff organization

下凹绿地 | Sunken Green Belt

在水岸西侧的图书馆门前，原来是一片硬质铺装广场和零星点缀式的混凝土树池。由于常年积水，老旧破损的铺装容易产生淤泥，严重影响通行、休憩等使用功能和商圈形象。

In front of the library on the west side of the waterfront, there was originally a hard-paved square and scattered dotted concrete tree ponds. Due to constant waterlogging, the old and worn paving was prone to siltation, which seriously affected the useful functions such as access, sitting, and the image of the shopping area.

将硬质铺装场地改造为下沉绿地，以草坪作为场地核心，以台阶和石笼座椅进行围合，方便落座休憩；四周以铺装广场进行衔接，作为公共活动空间。保留原有乔木，补植线型树阵，勾勒出场地边界并丰富竖向景观体验。

The hard paved area is transformed into a sunken green space, with a lawn as the core of the site, enclosed by steps and gabion seats for seating and relaxation, and surrounded by a paved plaza as a public activity space. The original trees are retained and replanted with linear tree formations to outline the boundaries of the site and enrich the vertical landscape experience.

△ 阳光草坪与完型大树形成风景画卷

The sunny lawns and trees form a landscape

△ 透水铺装+下沉绿地+带状雨水花园共同组成的海绵场景

A sponge scene consisting of permeable paving + sunken green space + strip rain gardens

生态停车场 | Pervious Parking Lot

原停车场流线和布局混乱，硬质地面缺乏渗透功能，降雨时积水严重，且排干时间较长。设计优化布局与流线，将原停车场路面整体升级为透水沥青材质，路面雨水通过消能带导入雨水花园，雨水经过净化，传输至生态池塘末端蓄存并净化回用。

The layout of the original car park was confusing, and the hard surface lacked permeability, so the rainfall took a long time to drain. The design optimizes the layout and flow lines and upgrades the original car park pavement to a permeable asphalt material. The rainwater from the pavement is channeled into the rain garden through the vegetable zone, where it is purified and transferred to the end of the ecological pond for storage and purification for reuse.

△兼具海绵功能和艺术美感的生态停车场

Eco-parking with sponge function and artistic aesthetics

△ 中央雨水花园作为生物滞留设施

Central rain gardens as bio-retention facilities

△ 生态停车场的海绵过程

The eco-parking sponge process

生态池塘（原荷花池） | Ecological Pond

生态池塘位于岛东侧，改造前为硬质的荷花池，水体缺乏自净能力，影响环境品质。设计保留原有高大乔木，拓展亲水平台，增设石笼木座椅。在池塘内周增加挺水植物缓冲带，并采用清杂覆土、底泥消毒、构建苦草与微生物群落等一系列技术方案，重构“水下森林”系统，帮助水质稳定达标，作为终端调蓄功能可有效减轻区域压力，净化后的雨水可用于公区浇灌与路面冲洗。如今，池塘美景吸引着孩子们前来戏水，成年人在池边享受生活慢时光，一处珍贵的城市公共空间被充分“盘活”。

The ecological pond is located on the east side of the island. Before the renovation, it was a hard bottom lotus pond, which lacked self-purification ability. The design preserves the original tall trees, expands the water-friendly platform, and adds gabion seats. A series of technical solutions such as mulching, disinfection of the substrate, and construction of vegetable and microbial communities are used to reconstruct the "underwater forest" system, helping to maintain the water quality. The rainwater can be used for watering the gardens and washing the roads. The pond now attracts children to play and adults to enjoy a slower pace of life at the edge of the pond, and the pond turns out to be a precious urban public space.

△ 生态池畔，时光清浅，一步一安然

Leisure along the ecological pond

△ 生态池塘的水生态修复过程

Water ecology restoration process in ecological ponds

入海口湿地 | Estuary Wetland

原入海口构造较为单一，以硬质河底和水泥砌块驳岸为主，水生植物群落尚未形成，净化能力不足，景观效果不佳。人工湿地由微生物菌群系统、多孔盲管导流系统、表流湿地系统、钢筋砾石基底系统、功能性水生植物系统组成，利用旱伞草、再力花、美人蕉等功能性水生植物，通过砾石与植物根系截留、过滤、降解、吸收氮磷等有机物，控制入海口面源污染，提升入海口的生态系统服务价值。

The original inlet point is combined with hard river bottom and concrete block barges, and the aquatic plant community has not yet been formed, with insufficient purification capacity and poor landscape effects.

The artificial wetland is composed of a microbial colony system, porous blind pipe diversion system, surface flow wetland system, reinforced gravel substrate system, and functional aquatic plant system.

The functional aquatic plants can retain, filter, degrade, and absorb organic matter such as nitrogen and phosphorus through the gravel and plant roots, which can control the surface source pollution, and enhance the ecosystem service value of the site.

△ 人工湿地完善入海口生态系统服务功能

Artificial wetland completes the ecosystem service function

△ 钢筋砾石基底，功能性水生植物和微生物群落构成的人工湿地

Artificial wetland with reinforced gravel substrate, functional aquatic plants, and microbial community

结语 Summary

改造后，场地径流总量控制率由55%提升至70%以上，面源污染控制率由45%提升至60%以上，有效达成提升目标。同时，为检验建设效果，团队于2022年5月、7月、8月等几次降雨时前来奥特莱斯观察，实地发现透水沥青、透水地垫、透水陶瓷砖、雨水花园等如期发挥作用，真正实现“小雨不湿鞋，大雨无内涝”的建设效果。树木、草坪、花园、湿地中的植物经历数次大雨考验，已长势喜人。如今，下雨也不会影响购物游客及周边休闲人群的兴致，在广场上撑伞漫步，于水岸边游戏、与天鹅嬉戏的人们随处可见。

After the renovation, the total site runoff control rate is increased from 55% to over 70%, and the surface source pollution control rate can be increased from 45% to over 60%, effectively reaching the improvement target. To test the construction effect, the team came to the Outlets in May, July, and August 2022 to observe the rainfall, and found that the facilities were working as expected, truly achieving the construction effect of "no wet shoes in light rain and no flooding in heavy rain". The trees, lawns, gardens, and wetland plants have been tested by several heavy rains and are now growing well. Nowadays, the rain does not affect the interest of shoppers and the surrounding leisure crowd, and people can be seen strolling around the square under umbrellas, playing on the waterfront, and playing with swans.

团队深耕高密度开发区的海绵城市建设项目多年，坚持“五可“的工作原则，以项目推动理念落地并形成丰硕的研究成果，完成了万科云城、前海企业公馆、深湾公园等诸多引领行业的标杆性海绵城市项目。大梅沙奥特莱斯海绵化改造的成功实践，是团队的又一次迭代突破，在海绵技术与生活与美学融合的过程中，形成沉浸式的海绵景观体验，也为深圳市高密度商业项目的景观海绵化改造贡献了经验。

The team has been working on sponge city construction projects in high-density development zones for many years. With the "Five Cans" principle of work, the design team has already completed many demonstrated sponge city projects such as Vanke Cloud City, Qianhai Enterprise Mansion, and Shenwan Park, and developed fruitful research results. The successful practice of Dameisha Outlets is one more breakthrough in integrating sponge technology with life and aesthetics. This project not only forms the immersive experience of a sponge landscape but also contributes to the experience of sponge transformation of the landscape of high-density commercial projects in Shenzhen.