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复园 | 旧社区活动中心重生

2019/02/11 14:44:36

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背景

Background

芷江西路社区活动中心改造隶属于上海静安区文化局灰引力改造工程的子项目，项目目标是通过空间微改造提升社区活力。本案位于老旧社区中心，是典型的江南亭台楼阁园林，增加玻璃窗和墙体后成为建筑使用空间，且经过加建附属空间，已经失去原有园林空间该有的轻盈和路径体验，我们的改造范围涉及亭子间、景观长廊以及附属空间三大区域，与周边临时违章建筑相连接。亭子间满足社区的特定文化活动：健康室、阅读室。附属空间提供多功能文化活动。入口长廊局部提供给社区老匠人作为工作间使用：理发、修电器、修鞋。由于原始空间观感杂乱且使用功能多，导致无序堆积和使用随意，体现旧社区改造前的普遍特征。本案为一层建筑，位于南北两排多层住宅楼间，建筑南北面采光较差。由于老社区历史问题复杂，出入口不能随意改动。

▼建筑北侧外观，户外走廊，north appearance of the building with outdoor corridor

The renovation project of the Community Center in West Zhijiang Road is a part of the Grey Gravity renovation project by Shanghai Jingan District Culture Bureau, which aims to improve community life by minor space alteration. The project is the typical garden construction with pavilion and porch in regions south of the Yangtze River, located in the center of an old community area. However the areas lost the lightness and walking experience after building more spacial use by fixing glasses and walls. The renovation includes three areas, the pavilion, landscape porch and attached space, linking with temporary unapproved building. The pavilion is for reading room and fitness room, while attached space for multi-functional use. Part of the porch space will be for studios of some craftsmen such as barber, maintenance worker and shoemaker. As a result of the messy view and multi-functional use, you could see out-of-order pilling up everywhere in the previous space. And this is the typical problem of old community. The project is a ground-floor planning, located between two high-rise buildings so that it is badly lighted from south and north. And we can not change the entrance and exit due to complexity of the old community.

▼区位图，建筑夹在住宅楼之间，the project located between residential buildings

“复”园策略

Strategy

我们梳理了现状空间，希望能首先恢复原有园林空间的灵动。一条线索通过对空间的重设实现路径节点优化，“恢复”园林特质。“恢复”本身并没有对加建附属空间进行拆除或装饰，而是把加建处处理成一个园林元素——扇形舞台，使加建空间成为园林廊道天然的组成部分，我们称这是历史巧妙的归位。清代李笠翁就发明过“扇面窗”：此窗安放于游艇之上，外面景色对于游艇上是一副移动的扇面画，室内的活动对于户外的游客同样是画，我们的扇形舞台不仅是双面景，同样是浸入式体验空间，使之成为儿童阅读或社区舞台表演的功能。儿童引入则进一步引发老年人照看关系的依附序列，由此引出第二条线索，既通过无隔断路径和镜面弧顶的运用打破空间封闭性，恢复空间的自由度，最大限度保证看护关系。同时也使匠人工作间成为半开敞式状态。灵活动态的空间元素碰撞促进和推动匠人与环境发生良好的秩序关系，从使用关系上实现功能提升。

▼扇形舞台全景，overall view of the fan-shaped stage

▼改造优化室内流线，renovation optimized the circulation inside the building

After thinking about all the existing problems, first we’d like to resume the lightness of the space. We hoped to make garden feature back by resetting space and optimizing walking experience, this is the first clue. We didn’t remove or ornament the attached space, but turning it into a fan-shaped stage which could be an element of the garden and a natural part of the porch. We can name it Yesterday Once More. Li Liweng in Qing Dynasty invented fan-shaped window installed in the boat so that the passengers on board could enjoy the view as fan-shaped pictures when the boat was drifting along. Similarly in our project, the viewers outdoors could see those activities indoors as pictures too. The fan-shaped stage is not only a double-faced view, but a space for immersive experience like reading center for children or community performing stage for the aged. The relationship of children and the aged inspired the second clue of the project. We freed this space by setting no partition area and mirror-covered arc ceiling to try best to ensure the caring relation. In the meanwhile, the studios for craftsmen were half open. We aimed to improve the relationship between craftsmen and the environment by adding vivid spacial elements and make functional use better.

▼入口连廊，连接扇形舞台，corridor at the entrance, connected to the fan-shaped stage

▼从连廊看扇形舞台，view of the fan-shaped stage from the corridor

▼从扇形舞台看向连廊及室外，view of the corridor and outdoor space from the fan-shaped stage

采光策略

Strategy for lighting

建筑北面最大化增大窗户大小，实现采光优化，且实现户外路径人流与室内空间活动的视觉对话。建筑南面由于结构限制，不能随意扩大窗户面积。我们在扇形舞台的南面外墙构造柱内侧增加一层青砖与玻璃砖交错的墙体，两者之间形成空腔。南面光线通过窗户和空腔经过均匀变化的玻璃砖散射后进入扇形舞台区，使白天舞台区域具备柔和的光线，与北侧光线结合，满足儿童阅读光线需求。夜晚来临，在空腔中设置的均匀球泡灯光线穿过玻璃砖，与暗装灯带配合，形成富有韵律感的扇形舞台背景墙。辅以弧顶设置的定点射灯，满足社区舞台不同艺术形式表演需求。青砖与玻璃砖墙体在此成为光的介质。

▼扇形舞台南侧由青砖和玻璃砖交错形成的墙体，wall composed of brick and glass brick on the southern side of the fan-shaped stage

We increased the window size in the north of the project to optimize lighting and make visionary dialogue between outdoor passerby and indoor space, while window size in the north can not be changed due to the structure limit. We added a layer of wall interlaced by black brick and glass brick in the constructional column in south exterior wall of the fan-shaped stage. It made a vacant space between exterior wall and the bricks. The daylight from south becomes soft in stage area because light comes through window and vacant space and is scattered by specially-arranged glass bricks. It could satisfy the lighting demand for children’s reading in addition to the light from north. As the night comes, you could see a rhythmic background wall for the fan-shaped stage when the bulbs light in the vacant space glows through glass bricks together with lamp belt in concealed position. We also designed spot light in fixed points in ceiling to meet the multi-demands of a performing stage. The wall of black bricks and glass bricks becomes the media of light.

▼舞台南侧墙体细部以及对不同光线的过滤，details of the wall on the south side of the stage which could filter natural and artificial light

▼灯光透过玻璃砖散射入舞台区，light diffused into the stage through the glass bricks

适配材料

Materials

本案舞台背景墙使用到了玻璃砖和青砖混砌，通过自然光和灯光的呈现匹配了不同时间的舞台使用功能。亭子间运用弧形镜面不锈钢做为吊顶元素，扩大视线界面，提供舞台之外的第二个趣味点。地面使用了白色环氧自流平，红色屋架进行着色处理，并保留木质机理，建筑墙体铲除原有老墙后，直接喷涂，洁白的自流平与白色手作质感的老墙和木屋架呈现细微差异，自然调和了舞台和弧形镜面顶的底色，使之呈现可变化和可持续的使用状态。

▼舞台背景墙倒映在地面上，background wall fo the stage reflected on the floor

We used mixed glass bricks and black bricks for the background wall of stage in order to meet the demand of multi-function of the performing stage in different time. And for the pavilion, we designed a stainless mirror-covered arc to break the sight limit, which could also be interesting besides the design for the stage room. White epoxy self-leveling was used for the floor and color coating for red roof truss while the wood texture was kept. The wall was painted after wiping out old parts, you can feel a bit different way among white epoxy self-leveling, old white wall and wood roof truss. It neutralized the background color of the stage and arc mirror ceiling, making them changeable and sustainable.

▼从亭子看向连廊，view of the corridor from the pavilion

▼亭子弧顶细部，details of the curved roof of the pavilion

▼白色的屋架、墙面及门窗细部，details of the white truss, walls and doors

对话场地

Site management

在本案施工过程中亭子间周边违建临时性拆除，设计并没有及时与违建场地发生关联，于是我们决定对场地微调：拆除了原有破损墙面宣传栏使之成为置物台，喷涂原有废弃石墩成为临时座椅，在户外厕所与亭子间之间发生了临时等候与置物的关系。形成使用关系后让原有空间展现了自身活力。

▼从厕所看向亭子，view of the pavilion from the toilet

During the construction, the unapproved building near the pavilion was temporarily pulled down. As the design of the project was not relevant to the unapproved site, we decided to make little adjustments to our plan. We removed promotion board on the damaged wall, turning it to a shelf where you could put things. And we painted discarded stone blocks to temporary seats. In that way, we created a space for waiting and shelving between an outdoor toilet and the pavilion and you can have a vivid feeling to this area after the adjustments.

▼夜景，night view