华腾猪舍里展厅·自然光与水处理的艺术丨以靠建筑

以靠建筑在浙江桐乡洲泉镇完成了他的第一个乡建作品：华腾猪舍里展厅。业主华腾牧业希望用这栋建筑来展示猪肉的加工过程和猪肉产品展示，并以此作为整个牧场发展观光业的起点。以靠建筑用了复合乡下施工的红砖、混凝土、水洗石、自然光、水、工人的意外的“自由发挥”共同设计了这个猪场。

对以靠建筑来说，华腾猪舍里是设计方向上的一种尝试：建筑师以什么样的心态面对中国目前大面积的乡建？如何轻松的状态做设计？如何不被日式清新风影响，同时又不被现今的集体审美绑架？如何在没有好的建造工艺支持的地方做到“表糙理不糙”？如何让自己以更放松更自然的方式造房子？

Leeko Studio made its first rural construction works in the town of Tongxiang, Zhejiang, that is, Huateng hog house exhibition hall. Huateng Animal Husbandry hopes this building can display the processing of pork and the pork products, and takes it as a starting point for the development of tourism industry throughout the ranch. Leeko Studio designed the farm with a combination of red bricks, concrete, washed stone, natural light, water, as well as workers’ unexpected “free play”.

For Leeko Studio, Huateng hog house is a new attempt. What kind of the attitude of the architect to confront with China’s current large-scale rural construction? How to make it easy to design? How not to be influenced by Japanese fresh style and not being abducted by today’s collective aesthetics at the same time? How to make the construction of the “Seemingly rough but in fact fine” in the absence of good support? How to make yourself a more relaxed and natural way to build a house?

▼建筑外观，view of the architecture

为猪场展厅加采光筒，保留自然光

Keep the natural light with the lighting tube in the hog house exhibition hall

在设计养猪场的展厅前，我们先给猪场的猪圈做了立面改造，设计猪圈只是以个前奏，通过这个过程，我们了解了猪圈的形式，以及对华腾猪场高科技养猪有了初步的认识。这些基础知识，启发我们从猪圈的基本的建筑形式中演化出了展厅的建筑形式。展厅延续了华腾现有猪圈的剖面形式，仅在猪圈的坡屋顶上加了采光筒，起到自然采光和通风的作用。在当时看来，这个采光顶是这栋建筑的唯一机会。由于造价的原因，天窗最后没有开启，但保留了自然采光。设计完成后，这栋建筑成为一栋介于产品销售大厅、美术馆或者展览馆之间的建筑。

Before the design of hog house exhibition hall, we renovated facade at first. The design of pigsty is only a prelude, through this process, we understand the form of the hog house, and take a look at the high-tech hog raising of Huateng. These basics inspired us to evolve the architectural form of the exhibition hall from its basic architectural form. The exhibition hall continues the existing profile, and adds the lighting tube to keep the natural light and ventilation. At that time, the day-lighting roof was the only chance of this building. Due to cost, the skylight did not open but keep the natural light. When completed, the building stands between the sales hall and art exhibition halls.

▼在猪圈的坡屋顶上加了采光筒，adds the lighting tube to the former profile

▼展厅延续了现有猪圈的剖面形式，the exhibition hall continues the existing profile

水处理系统与设计的巧妙结合

Clever combination of water treatment system and the house design

设计之初，猪老板给我们介绍了他们的高科技养殖技术，他们有比利时的专家长期在猪场指导猪场建设和饲料研究；同时，他们为管理猪健康做了一套管理系统，监视猪的健康，分离生病的猪，保证从这里出去的猪都不吃抗生素。在养猪场的众多高科技技术中，我们能用到的唯有展厅里的水循环利用系统。其他的普通养猪场，直接排放猪粪便，污染环境。在这里，猪粪便被提取、烘干、碳化，转化为优质的肥料，销售的价格还很高。在这里，猪的尿液和冲洗猪圈的水进入循环净化池，净化池里有多种具备水处理能力的植物，依据植物不同的净化污水的能力分区种植，水净化后导流至展厅，在展厅与风雨廊之间形成水景。

对于如何利用循环水的问题，我思考数日，脑海里出现的都是媒体上和杂志上见过的“景观”设计，但均不适用。这里的水特别重要，它有保护环境的意义，不是传统意义上的“水景”。我希望把它提升为一种建筑材料，成为建筑空间的一个组成部分；与此同时，它所处的位置是游客进入猪场第一印象。既然如此重要，何不让水的到来具有某种强烈的仪式感？但如何又让这个仪式感变得自然而然呢？

At the first beginning, the owner introduced their high-tech hog raising since they invited Belgian experts who have been guiding pig farm construction and feed research in pig farms for a long time. Meanwhile, they had a management system to monitor the health of pigs, to isolate sick pigs, and to ensure that their pigs do not have antibiotics. Among the many high-tech technologies in pig farms, the only we can use is the water recycling system in the hall. Other ordinary pig farms directly discharge pig manure and it will pollute the environment. While the pig manure is extracted, dried, carbonized, and converted to high-quality fertilizer here, this can be sold in a relatively high price. In addition, the pig’s urine and the rinse pigsty water will get into the cycle of purification ponds, which is equipped with a variety of plants with water treatment capacity, planted according to their purifying capacity. After the purification, the water will be diverted to the exhibition hall, appearing as a water feature forms between the exhibition hall and the Wind-rain corridor.

As for how to use the circulating water, I take the existing landscape design in the media into consideration but failed. Water is particularly important here, since it has the significance of environmental protection instead of the traditional “water features”. I’m about to elevate it as a building material and make it an integral part of the building space. Meanwhile, it will be the first sight when tourists enter the farm. Due to its significance, why not let the arrival of water has a strong sense of ritual? But how can we make it natural?

▼巧妙的水处理，clever combination of water treatment

在方案设计的过程曾从猪老板那里得知，猪老板为了支持他的一位研究睡莲的朋友，准备买很多水缸放置在停车场，同时水缸里的睡莲也可以成为停车场的一景。水缸很便宜，每个水缸只要一百元，便宜的水缸启发了我，它可以让水空间拥有仪式感，也让这个空间找回了传统元素。

在中国过去的大户人家、宫殿等地方，有用水缸蓄水的传统，一方面有“蓄财”的意思，因为中国人以水为财，另外一方面可以备水防火。而猪场的水缸没有了消防的任务，但水缸盛水的确有“财”道，因为水净化系统每年为这里节省很多用水，同时净化水的多种植物也产生了很好的经济价值，最重要的是，猪的排泄物不会乱排放，变废为宝了。

In the process of designing, I learned from the owner that in order to support his friend who was studying water lily, he was ready to buy a lot of water tanks to be placed in the parking lot while the water lily in the tank can become a sight spot. The water tank is pretty cheap, as long as one hundred yuan for each. It inspired me that the tanks allow the water space of a sense of ritual and retrieve the traditional elements as well.

In the past China’s large families, palaces and other places, there is a tradition to store water by tanks. On the one hand, it means saving money because Chinese people regarded water as finance. On the other hand the water can be used for fire prevention. The pig farms do not have the task of firefighting, but the water tank does have a fortune, because the water purification system saves a lot of water, and at the same time a variety of plants that purify the water also produce good economic value. Above all, the pig’s excrement will not be disordered, and its value has been found.

▼以水缸为景寓意传统，tanks as design elements

从“圣灵降临”到“会飞的猪”

From “the coming of the Holy Spirit” to “flying pigs”

设计过程中，业主特意要求有个飞猪的标志，要有个主入口。猪还能飞上天？我想靠人当然不能，人也不能靠自己的好行为洁净，就像猪不能长翅膀飞一样。柯布在昌迪加尔设计的手的雕塑其实就是鸽子，代表圣灵。只有圣灵降下来，人不洁净的灵魂才能得到升华，哪怕在很多人看来不洁净的猪也可以像天使一样飞。所以柯布在昌迪加尔的鸽子是带领，会飞的猪是被带领者升华的结果。

In the design process, the owner specifically requested a flying pig logo, and there must be a main entrance. Pig can fly to heaven? Of course not if rely on humans. Neither can one be cleansed by their own good deeds, nor can pigs fly with their own wings. The Open Hand Monument created by Le Corbusier in Chandigarh is actually a pigeon, representing the Holy Spirit. Only when the Holy Spirit comes down can the human’s unclean soul is sublimated, even pigs, which regarded as unclean by many people, can fly like angels. Therefore, Le Corbusier’s pigeon in Chandigarh is the leader while the flying pig is the result of sublimation by the leader.

▼主入口的飞猪标志，a flying pig logo at the main entrance

意外的“十字”

The accidental cross

在施工的过程中，施工工人也在采光筒的玻璃顶加入了他们的设计。我们在施工图上绘制的是双层中空玻璃，结果他们使用的是普通的钢化玻璃。由于玻璃强度不够，工人本能地在光筒上架了一个“十字”龙骨作为支撑。我到现场一看，第一反应是他们做错了，正要生气的时候发现这也不是错误，只是工人没有按照建筑师的意思做，但建筑师的想法就一定是真理吗？其实不一定，如果非说自己的想法是真理，那也是无知和傲娇了，工人的“错误”激发了我的思考：上空的十字架不正是一个教堂的空间吗？也许是下一个教堂的原型！

During the construction, workers added their designs to the lighting tube of the glass. We adopted double-insulated glass while they used the ordinary tempered glass. Due to the insufficient glass strength, workers instinctively set up a “cross” as a support. At my first sight, I was about to get angry while found that the workers were just not doing what the architects meant. But must the architect be true? Actually not necessarily, it is ignorant and arrogant to affirm your own truth. I was inspired by the workers’ “mistake”. Isn’t the cross above representing a church space? Maybe the next is the prototype of a church!

▼展厅内部，interior

▼采光口意外的“十字”龙骨，the “cross” in the lighting tube

▼东立面 ，east elevation

▼西立面，west elevation

▼剖轴侧，perspective axon