竹韵龙泉

自 2011 到 2014 的三年间，中国使用的水泥比美国在上个世纪一百年的时间里消耗的都要多。曾经住在自然材料住宅中的人们，现在都迁入了混凝土房屋中，而且这个趋势随着全球化的进程在世界各地都变得更加普遍。事务所被委托设计 3 个旅店，以表现出传统天然材料和现代手法结合后的潜力：区别于传统的审美，设计师想要表现出天然材料的美感，直接将裸露的泥土用作外立面的设计。用非标准化的材料为当地创造了更多的就业机会，也加强了城乡直接的区别性和多元化，促进了经济的公平发展，保护了地球的生态。

Within three years (2011-2014) China consumed more cement than the USA during the last century. Most of those people living now in concrete housing blocks were living in houses made of natural materials. This trend happens all over the world. Alternatives are needed to reduce CO2 emissions. The 3 hostels show that traditional, natural materials can be used in contemporary ways: unlike many traditional houses that hide mud behind fake facades, this project celebrates the beauty of natural materials. Using non-standardized, local materials will lead to more diversity in urban and rural regions, foster fair economics – through the creation of jobs – and preserve our planet`s ecosystem.

▼竹质旅店的外观，appearance of the building

这个项目是龙泉国际双年展的一部分，主办方邀请了12名建筑师来设计竹材结构的永久性建筑。Studio Anna Heringer 的设计团队被委托设计 2 个旅店和 1 个民宿。旅店的结构由石头和夯土材料组成。核心区包含所有的设施和楼梯，附有休息的空间。核心区外的部分是竹编的外立面，就像中国传统的灯笼，体现了编织竹子的表现力。

This project was part of the Longquan International Biennale that sought to build with bamboo, for which 12 architects were invited to build permanent structures. Our studio was commissioned for 2 hostels and 1 guesthouse. The structure of the hostels is formed out of a core made of stones and rammed earth. The core hosts all facility units and the stairs. Attached to it are the sleeping units. The latter are designed like Chinese lampshades that gloom in the night. Around them is an expressive structure out of woven bamboo.

▼外立面竹编的结构具有强烈的表现力，the expressive structure out of woven bamboo

通常人们认为可持续性是关于稀缺性的，但自然的性质并不局限于此。这些伟大的材料，竹子、泥土都是大量存在于自然中的，他们在经济和生态方面都有很重大的意义，对人和地球的可持续发展有着重要的作用。这些建筑是一个关于可持续发展、关于生活质量的倡议，让人民重视自然暗藏的巨大资源。

In general we tend to think that sustainability is about scarcity. But the nature of nature is not limitation. These great building materials bamboo and mud are there in abundance. They make sense in economic as well as ecological perspective, are healthy for people and the planet. These buildings are a statement that sustainability is about quality of life and the celebration of nature`s vast resources.

▼三座建筑分别为一栋男女混住的民宿，和两栋男女分离式的旅店，these three buildings are a guesthouse, female and male seperated youth hostel

▼男生旅店，male youth hostel

▼女生旅店，female youth hostel

▼正在建设中的民宿，the guesthouse under construction

竹编和夯土的技术是劳动密集型的，对工匠的技能是一个很大的挑战，同时也让当地社群分享到最大的利润份额。该项目希望通过竹子的柔韧性等内在的特征形成的具有内含的文化品质。同时发扬中国丰富的工艺传统。宝溪的一大传统工艺就是当地的陶瓷船，这个形态变成了建筑外观的灵感来源。

The applied techniques bamboo weaving and rammed earth are labour intensive, challenge the skills of local craftsmen and leaving the biggest share of the profit with the community. The project wants to re-connect with the authenticity of cultural goods shaped out of immanent material characteristics like the bending strength of bamboo, and with the rich tradition in craftsmanship of China like basket weaving. One of the cultural identities of Baoxi is ceramic vessels. Those were the inspirations behind the shapes.

▼竹编技术被用于建筑的外立面，the bamboo weaving technique is applied on the facade of the building

▼建造过程，construction process

▼建筑核心部分的夯土结构，the structural construction of the building’s core is adopted rammed earth technique

▼建筑内部的细节，detail of the building’s staircases

▼主体上的窗洞，the openings on the core structure

建筑的能源系统是基于古老的采暖和保温方式：火和阳光，风，遮阴和植物的结合减少了空调的使用。为了避免将金钱和资源浪费在内部的温度控制上，只有核心区的房间使用了温控装置。而且核心区的温控方式采用了低科技的手法，保证了对环境的友好性：通过高效的锅炉加热生活用水，同时也采用太阳能收集器辅助加热淋浴用水，火炉同时可以在公共室内创造交流的气氛。

The energy system is based on direct and ‘archaic’ sources like fire and sun, wind, shade, plants and the concept of minimizing the conditioned spaces. Rather than making a huge effort in both money and resources for controlling the climate of the entire volume of the hostels, only the core – that hosts the utility rooms – and the cocoons are thermally controlled. They are protected from the rain and have heating or cooling options on a very low-tech level. The fire is used as a heating source through an effective oven that also heats warm water for the showers supported by solar collectors, while creating a communicative atmosphere in the common rooms.

▼核心空间的建造过程，the construction process

在这个星球资源有限的情况下，我们不能只提供70亿人口的工业化材料。使用天然材料，实现可持续和公平的发展至关重要。这个项目可以作为建立简单但有意义，相信自然材料真实性的“迷人力量”的典范。

With our planet`s limited resources we can’t provide 7 billion people an appropriate habitat made of industrialized materials only. The use of natural materials is vital in order to enable a sustainable and fair development. This project can act as a model for building simple but with sense and believing in the ‘charming power’ which lies in the natural materials’ authenticity.

▼总平面，master plan

▼立面和平面，elevation and plan

▼热循环系统，energy concept for submission

▼建筑细部，tecnical drawings

Location: Baoxi, region of Longquan, China

Client/Sponsor: Municipality of Longquan, China

Timing: start designing in March 2013; end of construction in October 2016

Gross (external) area: 1153 m2

Total cost: 840000 USD (RMB 5800000)

Concept and design: Anna Heringer

Team Studio Anna Heringer: Stefano Mori, Karolina Switzer, Wayne Switzer, Yu Xi

Main contractor: Shanghai Kangye Construction & Decoration Co.,Ltd

Consultant in earthen structures and over all concept: Martin Rauch;

Consultant in bamboo structures: Emmanuel Heringer;

Consultant in heating system: Harald Mueller, Franz Petermann;

Consultant in energy system: Prof. Klaus Daniels

Suppliers: local craftsmen

Phorographer:  Jenny JI, Julien Lanoo