教堂附属小礼拜堂的修复性改造设计

Jarandilla de la Vera教堂坐落于一块巨大的花岗岩石之上，陡峭的西侧让人无法进入，唯一的主入口广场位于东侧微微倾斜的缓坡之上。一道大体平行于教堂北侧立面的坡道由此而上，连接着主广场与高处通往教堂和圣所礼拜堂的小广场。

Jarandilla de la Vera has grown around a large granite promontory, leaving its steep western side untouched protecting the access and placing the Main Square in the slightly sloped eastern side. From this square an irregular ramp starts off in the shape of a steep ascending path parallel to the northern facade of the church, arriving at a small square defined by the entrances to both the church and the Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre.

▼从西侧眺望高耸的山端的教堂与礼拜堂，view form the west side of the church and chapel

▼俯瞰，主广场、坡地、小广场的空间序列，topview, the space sequence of the main square, ramp and small square

建筑师从两方面入手，完成了对小礼拜堂的修复性改造。

首先，建筑师必须保证历经了多年风雨侵蚀，因人们熟视无睹而严重受损的建筑结构上的稳定性。作为教堂的附属建筑，建于17世纪的小礼拜堂在过去的数百年间被赋予了各异的功能。在19世纪，这里是关押犯人的小小监狱，而在20世纪初，屋顶已残破不敢的建筑仍被作为学校使用。

其次，考虑到未来建筑功能的多样性，建筑的空间结构也必须具备灵活性与可变性。

The rehabilitation project of the chapel has developed two strong actions.

Firstly, to consolidate and assure the constructive stability of a seriously harmed building in a state of ruin and neglect. Built in the 17th century as a small chapel attached to the church, its use varied. In the 19th century it was used as a small prison and during the start of the 20th century, after its roofing came down, as a school.

Secondly, to adequate in a flexible manner the new use proposed for this construction, given that many varied activities will be developed.

▼设计草图，sketch

这个有着唯一入口，面积仅一百平米的小建筑由一大一小，紧密相连的两个体量组合而成。外侧空间面积较大，互不平行的四边形成了一个近似梯形的空间，而双坡屋顶的屋脊则垂直于入口立面。而作为宗教建筑曾经的后殿，后侧体量小而高耸，阳光从四坡屋顶中央的天窗倾洒而下，穿过下层半圆的拱顶洒落在建筑之内。横跨5米的花岗岩拱门在划分空间的同时，从结构上联系起两个体量。

With barely 100 m2 and only one access from the small square, the chapel is divided into two volumes which configure a unitary space -given their shape, size and linkage. The first and largest volume has an irregular four-sided plan and a gabled roofing with its ridge placed perpendicular to the facade. Although the second volume is smaller, it is taller. Placed in the back of the previous one, this piece used to be the apse. Thus its high ceiling topped with a semicircular dome covered by a hipped roof with a lantern that shines light inside through the center of the dome. The link between both volumes is solved by a five meters wide circular granite arch.

▼由一大一小，紧密相连的两个体量组合而成的内部空间， the chapel is divided into two volumes which configure a unitary space

建筑师以微妙而尽量轻巧的设计手法介入建筑，以保证历史建筑的完整性。

The developed work proposes an intervention of subtle, minimal actions on the original remains of the building.

▼微妙而尽量轻巧的介入手法，an intervention of subtle, minimal actions

新建的结构系统将作为原有结构的补充，为建筑排除所有已知的安全隐患。建筑师在建筑内部置入了一个以25厘米厚钢筋混凝土打造而成，包含了地板、侧墙与屋顶的壳状结构，在不影响主体空间完整性的同时，加固了原有墙体。建筑师巧妙地利用屋顶残余的木结构制作了混凝土壳体的浇筑模具，斑驳的木纹为全新的内部空间带来了时间的痕迹。

On one hand, the new structural system has been designed to supply the existing shortcomings and to get rid of the observed pathologies in the actual state of the building. This is achieved by incorporating an interior ‘shell’ -floor, lateral walls, and covering- made of armored concrete 25 centimeters thick. This element solves the totality of the main volume and assures the reinforcement and stability of the original perimeter walls. The remains of the shake roofing were used to create the texture of the formwork to construct the concrete shell, translating the wood texture of the old chapel to the new construction.

▼带有斑驳木纹的混凝土壳体， an interior ‘shell’ with wood texture

因为空间狭小而封闭，为了避免繁杂回音而带来的不适，建筑师将内部空间的吸音性能也纳入了考虑。在正立面内侧，纤长的实木板交错而立，倾斜的立面打破了声波的二次传递，大大提升了建筑内部的空间质量。

The interior acoustic absorption has been taken into account too, in order to avoid uncomfortable sound reverberations. This is solved by covering the interior of the façade wall with solid beveled wooden pieces in line with the concrete shell that absorb and break secondary acoustic waves enhancing the interior comfort.

▼倾斜的立面打破了声波的二次传递，削弱了空间中的回音， solid beveled wooden pieces break secondary acoustic waves to avoid uncomfortable sound reverberations

而在后侧体量中，不锈钢制成的小天窗取代了原有的天窗，让更多的光线能够通过反射进入室内，让仅依靠天窗、两扇侧高窗以及入口空间采光的室内空间显得更为明亮。宽阔的拱顶之下容纳了一虚一实两扇大门，而室内外的空间联系以及室内空间的亮度也随着不同门扇的开合而变化着。

On the other hand, the semicircular dome´s lantern is recomposed by the insertion of a stainless steel element that reflects the light into the interior of the second volume, the former apse. This element plus the two lateral apse windows and the semicircular gap above the main entrance are the only ways to shine light into the chapel. The width of this arched main entrance enables a double door that allows a variable relationship between the exterior and the interior of the chapel along with variable illumination too.

▼光线从天窗和两扇侧高窗进入后侧体量，light shine through the lantern and  two lateral apse windows

▼顶部的高窗，the  lantern

在外侧，简单的石材与砂浆水泥抹面让建筑的外立面显得简洁而干净。建筑内部小块花岗岩拼接而成的铺地形式向外延伸，覆盖了门前的小广场以及划分空间的垂直体量，与原有的裸露石体形成了鲜明的对比，也让场地的紧凑格局与重量展现无遗。

Lastly, the exterior appearance of the walls is very simple, made in basic stonework and lime mortar plastering. The granite flooring finish from the interior of the chapel is extended outwards to the small square, leaving uncovered the grain of the stone of the promontory, and including big chunks to configure the ledge highlighting, therefore, the former compactness and weight of this site.

▼简洁的外立面，the exterior appearance of the walls is very simple

▼花岗岩拼接而成的铺地形式向外延伸，覆盖了门前的小广场以及划分空间的垂直体量，the granite flooring finish from the interior of the chapel is extended outwards

▼新铺地与原有的裸露石体形成了鲜明的对比，granite flooring finish contrast with the uncovered the grain of the stone

▼平面图，plan

▼立面，elevation

▼剖面，section

Architects: Héctor Fernández Elorza + Manuel Fernández Ramírez

Collaborators: Raúl García Cuevas (Quantity Surveyor) / Isidro Méndiz (Land Surveyor) / Violeta Ordoñez (Architect) / Javier Estebala Alández (Architecture Student) / Clara González Martín (Architecture Student) / Rubén Mejías Úbeda-Portugués (Architecture Student) / Carlos Moya Rodríguez (Architecture Student) / Gonzalo Rojas Encinar (Architecture Student) / Miguel Ruiz-Rivas Avendaño (Architecture Student)

Site: Plaza de la Constitución s/n

Project: 2008

Start of construction: May 2011

End of construction: September 2012

Promoter: Ministerio de la Vivienda

Constructor: Burcio Núñez SA

Built surface: 145 m2 + plaza

Budget: 157.918 euros

Pictures: Montse Zamorano

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