生态沉浸 | 蒙特利尔自然科学博物馆再设计

2014年，为了庆祝蒙特利尔建城375周年，自然科学博物馆Biodome－这座在22年前由1976年奥运会自行车馆改造而来的文化建筑，决定举办其室内空间再设计的国际竞赛，以提升参观体验，让博物馆重现往日的繁荣。KANVA与NEUF architect(e)s合作带来的方案在使用大量创新技术让博物馆履行教育民众职责的同时，促使人们反思人与自然的关系，也因此也竞赛中脱颖而出获得优胜。Biodome是坐落在蒙特利尔奥林匹克公园东侧、由一系列以自然科学科普为主题，包括、昆虫馆、植物园和天文馆在内的博物馆群落“生命空间”（Space for Life）的一部分。作为加拿大最重要的博物馆群落，其每年都会接待包括游客、教育营和学校团体在内的超过170万名参观者。

The Biodome, originally built as a velodrome for the 1976 Olympic Games, and converted into a natural science museum in 1992, launched an international competition in 2014 to revitalize its visitors’ experiences as part of a city-wide renewal plan to celebrate Montreal’s 375th birthday. The winning entry convinced the client and international jury to rethink the relationship between mankind and nature as well as use the renovation to bolster the centre’s social mission to educate the public. The Biodome is an integral member of Space for Life, a series of museum pavillions that showcase to the public natural sciences, including an insectarium, a botanical garden and a planetarium, which are all located within the Olympic Park in the East side of Montreal. Each year Space for life receives over 1.7 million visitors including many tourists, educational camps and schools, making it one of Canada’s most important museum complexes.

▽ Biodome是一系列以自然科学科普为主题的博物馆群落“生命空间”的一部分，the Biodome is an integral member of Space for Life, a series of museum pavillions that showcase to the public natural sciences

▽ 空间现状点云图，cloud point

Biodome以最简练而完整的方式，向人们展示了美洲所有的四种生态系统；热带雨林、加拿大东南部的枫叶林、圣劳伦斯河以及副极地地区四个展馆内生活着250种、超过4500只动物，以及500种植物。

The Biodome is comprised of four ecosystems of the Americas, each a microcosm of living organisms; the Tropical Rainforest, the Laurentian Maple Forest, the Gulf of St Lawrence, and the Sub-Polar Regions (Arctic and Antarctic) host over 4,500 animals from 250 different species and 500 plant species.

▽ 热带雨林生态展示区，Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem

▽ 枫叶林生态展示区，Laurentian Maple Forest Ecosystem

▽ 圣劳伦斯河生态展示区，St-Lawrence River Ecosystem

▽副极地生态展示区，Subpolar Regions Ecosystems

全新的概念策略以身临其境的方式让参观者拥有了更多个人的体验和回忆，在游览中潜移默化地教育、唤醒他们对人与自然关系的关注。同时，在重新整理公共空间与附加生态系统展示区在一层的空间格局后，建筑师解放了大堂空间，也创造出一个得以直视屋顶的高耸开敞中庭。此外，建筑师最大化了建筑的高度优势，在副极地生态系统展示区上加建了夹层，让游客能够近距离观察建筑独特的屋顶结构，也提供了更多眺望点，让参观者与员工得以从另一个角度体验空间。夹层与两个不同的生态展示区相连，让游客的参观路线变得更为多样化，也让他们在这段教育之旅中有了一个新的休息空间。

The new conceptual strategy creates more immersive and intimate experiences within the ecosystems, between human and nature to educate and bring more awareness to visitors during their journey. The plan also reorganizes many of the public, extra-ecosystem spaces on the main floor to liberate the grand hall and open up a new central hub to the ceiling. Making use of the Biodome’s height, a new mezzanine is added above the re-designed Sub-Polar ecosystem, framing more intimately the impressive ceiling structure and offering other vantage points and immersive experiences for visitors and staff. New passages from two of the ecosystems service this mezzanine, and offer visitors a more diversified trajectory and additional points of rest through their educational journey.

▽ 入口大厅，Entrance hall

▽ 夹层，mezzannine

总体空间振兴策略简单而有效，一道连续的曲面墙壁如同外壳般包裹、区分了不同生态系统所在的空间。而仿佛在流动般的墙壁连接着地板与天花，仿佛也在呼应着这座建筑充满动感的过往，引导着人们在无数的道路、交汇点中穿行。纯净、简洁的白色外壳与粗野的混凝土建筑形成了鲜明的对比，也成为了建筑与自然之间中性而大胆的过渡媒介，将内部的生态系统展示区从外界环境中脱离出来，让置身其中的人们能够沉浸其中，更好的理解所在的场所。这道墙壁为参观者指引着方向，也塑造出一个个过渡空间，让参观者在进入这全方位刺激着感官的生态系统展示区之间反思和回想。

The overall revitalization strategy is one of insertion within a living organism; a continuous curved wall fluidly wraps each ecosystem like a skin, acting as both container and contained. Drawing upon the Biodome’s history of movement, the floor to ceiling wall sweeps through the interior space, serving as a canvas that accompanies visitors through the many pathways and the new central hub. Pure, both in its form and colour, the white skin isolates the ecosystems to allow a better understanding of the site, contrasting with the robust concrete architecture of the velodrome, and becoming a neutral, yet bold intermediary between two important elements – building and ecosystem. The skin guides the visitors through their journey and invites introspection before and in between visits to the sensory-stimulating ecosystems.

▽ 曲面墙壁间的走廊，tunnel

▽ 设计概念，conceptual sketch

▽ 连续的曲面墙壁如同外壳般包裹、区分了不同生态系统所在的空间，a continuous curved wall fluidly wraps each ecosystem like a skin

▽ 混凝土材料、纺织布料以及屋顶结构，concrete, white textile and the ceiling structure

由纺织布料制成的外壳可以随需要弯曲、改变形状，也让现存结构必要部分和脆弱的生态系统得以完整的保留。材料的灵活性让其得以将剩余或是非常规的空间一并囊括入每一个展示区，同时也能够引导参观者注意力和提升用户体验。

This skin is physically expressed through a textile that can curve and take on many forms, preventing unnecessary demolition of already existing infrastructure and fragile ecosystems. Its flexibility also allows it to occupy residual and unusual spaces to ultimately unite the eclectic peripheries of each environment and redirect the focus and experience of the users.

▽ 纺织布料全尺度的模拟试验，full-scale mock-up

▽ 空间现状点云图，cloud point

建筑师所提出的全面而跨学科的设计策略将在保护现有文化遗产建筑的同时，最大化其联系人类与生物多样性的功能和效果。

The scheme offers a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach that both enhances the existing heritage building as well as expands the programmatic functions of the building to link biodiversity and humanity.

▽ 平面图，plan

▽ 剖面图，section

Client: Space for Life (City of Montreal)

Competition organizer: Design Montreal

Architects: KANVA – concept and architect of record

NEUF architect(e)s – collaborating architect

Mechanical/Electrical engineers: Bouthillette Parizeau

Structural engineers: NCK

Museology: Nathalie Matte

Scenography: KANVA and Anick La Bissonnière

Signage / Branding: Bruce Mau Design

Lighting Consultant: Light Factor

Code / Cost consultant: GLT+

Specifications: Atelier 6

Surveyor + 3D Scanning: Topo 3D

Drawings: KANVA

English Text: KANVA

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