维也纳“小蛮腰”塔楼

感谢

MVRDV

Appreciation towards

MVRDV

for providing the following description:

开发商BAI宣布

MVRDV

成为其举办的建筑竞赛获胜者。该竞赛的内容是在维也纳著名的Gasometers附近设计一栋空间灵活的塔楼。这栋塔楼包括了许多旨在最大限度利用空间的较高楼层，以及一些旨在最大程度降低塔楼阴影对周边建筑影响的较低楼层。这栋高达110米的塔楼将提供35680平方米的灵活空间，这些空间既能作为办公或住宅，容纳了商店，餐厅，咖啡厅和停车空间。建设工程预计将于2016年开始。

Development Corporation BAI have announced MVRDV as the winner of their competition for a spatially-flexible tower near the world famous Gasometers in Vienna. The tower combines numerous higher floors designed to maximize space and a number of lower floors designed to minimize effect of the building’s shadow cast onto the buildings around it. The 110 meter tower will offer 35.680m2 of flexible space which can accommodate both offices and housing, as well as retail spaces, restaurants, cafes and parking, with construction envisioned to start in 2016.

▲ Turm mit Taille translates from German as ‘tower with a waist’, suggesting the elegant twisting of the tower’s lower floors. “小蛮腰”塔楼的较低楼层发生优雅的扭曲。

著名的Gasometers地区位于机场和市中心之间，这一区域亟需进行城市更新。建筑基地紧邻地铁站，而建筑规范最初把可建高度限定在75米，而平面也应该是一个梯形。MVRDV提出了一个更紧凑有效的正方形布局，结果减少的占地面积让建筑体量变得更高。为了交换这些在建筑体量和高度上特许权，MVRDV把建筑阴影对周边地区的影响降到最低。解决方案是通过参数化把建筑底下的十层做成扭曲的造型，来把建筑阴影投射到附近建筑立面上的时间减少到只有每天两小时。MVRDV的联合创建人Winy Maas说：“能看到如果我们认真地对待这个两小时阴影覆盖的规定，就可以创造出一个前所未见的建筑，这真好。一个有着“小蛮腰”的塔楼。难道不正是美的经典定义吗？”通过这一手段，一个优雅的沙漏形建筑出现了。建筑通过向Gasometers和城市打开视野回应了周边的环境。塔楼周围的广场设计变得像是一个巨大的日冕，建筑在广场上的阴影勾勒出时间的流失。

The area of the famous Gasometers is located between the airport and the city centre and is in need of significant urban regeneration. The site for the tower is directly adjacent to a metro station, and building regulations initially restricted allowable construction to a 75m high volume, which should be trapezoidal in plan. MVRDV proposed a more compact and efficient square layout, which resulted in a taller volume to make up for the reduced footprint. In exchange for these concessions in the building’s volume and plan, the impact of the building’s shadow on its neighbours was minimised by MVRDV. The solution was to parametrically shape the lower 10 floors of the building into a twist, to minimise the structure’s shadow cast onto the neighbouring facades to only two hours a day. Winy Maas, co-founder of MVRDV says: “It is nice to see that if we take the two hour cast shadow regulation seriously we are able to create an unprecedented tower. A tower with a slender ‘taille’. Isn’t that the classic definition of beauty?” Through this operation, an elegant, hour-glass figure emerged that responds to its surroundings by opening up views towards the Gasometers and the rest of the city. The design for the plaza around the tower becomes like a gigantic sundial, on which the shadow of the building delineates the passing of time.

▲ Spacious outdoor terraces and direct access from ground level are provided by the tower’s twist, while upper levels feature operable windows and french doors for natural ventilation. 扭曲的楼层，用户可享受较大的室外露台，且能通过这些露台之间联系的楼梯上上下下。上层的用户拥有可开启的落地窗享受自然通风。

建筑扭曲部分的每一层平面都是独特的，这种每层不同的造型可以让所有的户外空间通过室外楼梯一个个连接起来。这样做能够让塔楼的底部连接到广场，并且可以开放一部分的塔楼底部空间从而让其活跃起来。这种情况在通常充满这封闭的高楼的城市环境里是罕见的。这个弧线的“腰身”还可以吸去多瑙河流域多发的凛冽秋风，把风从广场和地铁站入口引到别的地方，确保了大楼下方公共空间的舒适度。

The individually shaped floors of the building’s twist, each of which are unique in plan, offer generous outside spaces connected to one another by external stairs. In doing so, the twist helps to enliven the lower part of the tower, connecting it to the plaza below, and allowing for a degree of direct access which is rare in urban environments so often characterised by introverted tall buildings. This curving ‘waist’ also functions to siphon off fierce autumn winds, a frequent phenomenon in the Danube valley, diverting the wind away from the plaza and the metro station entrances and ensuring comfort in the public space beneath.

▲ The tower’s twist minimises the shadow it casts on surrounding buildings so as to comply with the two-hour shadow regulation. 建筑底下的十层做成扭曲的造型，来把建筑阴影投射到附近建筑立面上的时间减少到只有每天两小时。符合当地法规。

建筑从首层到十层扭曲上升到周边城市环境里建筑屋檐的高度，而剩下较高的二十层塔楼有一个方形的建筑平面。这些平面的结合就像是在为维也纳独特的城市街区和塔楼致敬。正方形平面以及高效的核心桶布局增加了建筑的自由度，而且让3.5米层高的建筑80％的楼面区域内没有柱子。建筑楼面可以发展成为住宅或者各种形式的办公空间，从开敞式办公到小空间里的分隔式办公布局。而且由于其自由的结构分布，塔楼日后还能够从功能上做重新配置。复合柱和混凝土板的有效结构将使塔楼的修建成为现实。钢和玻璃的立面将包括可开合窗以及全高的对开门，以便获得自然通风。地下停车场将提供110个车位，而且由于地铁站就在面前，建筑还将受益于便捷的公交网络。

The first 10 floors twist up to the eaves height of the surrounding urban area, while the 20 remaining higher floors of the tower have a square layout. The combination of these layouts leads to a celebration of the uniquely Viennese combination of urban blocks and towers. The square layout and efficient core distribution enhance this flexibility and result in a net floor surface of 80% of column-free spaces which feature a 3,5 meter ceiling height. The floors of the building can be developed into housing or a wide variety of office configurations, from open plan to division into smaller spaces, and due to its flexible structural layout, the tower can be reconfigured functionally at a later stage. The tower will be realised in a cost effective structure of composite columns and concrete slabs. The steel and glass façade will include operable windows and full-height French doors in order to allow for natural ventilation. Parking is provided in the basement with 110 parking bays, and the building will also benefit from excellent transit connections due to the immediate vicinity of the metro station.

▲ The tower is designed to be extremely flexible spatially, so that it can be reconfigured either as offices or housing in the future. 塔楼设计灵活，以后无论做办公室或是住宅都合适。

MVRDV won the competition to design the tower together with Bollinger + Grohmann Ingenieure Wien (struc-ture) and Energy Design Cody Consulting (sustainability). Other participants in the two stage competition were Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes, Dominique Perrault Architecture, KCAP Architects & Planners, Bevk Perovic Arhitekti, Delugan Meissl, Burkard Meyer Architekten, BSA, Sauerbruch Hutton, Nieto Sobejano Ar-quitectos, eep architekten and Pichler & Traupmann Architekten.