法兰克福西区模块式校园丨德国法兰克福丨gmp Architects

儿童自由嬉戏的中心庭院© Marcus Bredt

随着教育理念的发展更新、学校等设施的建设力度持续增加，教育空间的设计手法也花样层出不穷。gmp 秉持的建筑理想是，通过简洁的设计，使设计作品在内容和时间上经得起考验。一座房子“简洁”的品质，在于满足功能要求的最优方案，表达清晰的结构逻辑，合理选用的建筑材料，以及对场所做出令人信服的回应。

家庭环境与教育空间同为人们体验空间美学的起点，与住宅的私密空间不同的是，教育空间更注重塑造交往空间的品质，重视少年儿童的尺度感和舒适度，不强加以色彩缤纷的空间体验，而是留出足够的空白，以贴近自然的设计，留下光影斑驳、书声朗朗、鸟叫虫鸣、四季流转的回忆空间。

本文将深入介绍 gmp 在德国的一个教育类项目，祝各位小小建筑师六一节快乐！

法兰克福西区模块式校园建筑

美因河畔的法兰克福，德国

外立面© Marcus Bredt

随着法兰克福城市人口的持续增长，基础教育空间的需求也随之急剧上升。为了满足这一需求，法兰克福市决定采用模块化建造的方式，以实现快速、高品质的建造。模块化建造可将传统建设周期缩短多达 60%。2019 年，法兰克福西区模块式校园正式竣工并交付使用。

With a steadily growing population, the need for new school buildings has risen sharply in Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt relies on modular construction for expeditious and high-quality solutions that can reduce construction time by up to 60 percent compared to conventional building methods. In 2019, Westend Modular School Campus was fully completed for occupation.

外立面 © Marcus Bredt

外立面 © Marcus Bredt

外立面 © Marcus Bredt

法兰克福西区模块式校园是全球最大型的木结构模块式建筑之一。临时校园建筑由 350 组预制木结构构件组成，以模块化方式进行组装。直至项目西侧的校区完工之前，本建筑将作为过渡期间的临时校舍使用。本项目整体设计与建设历时仅 24 个月，可容纳 2000 名学生，预计使用周期为 5 到 10 年。整体工程还包括日后临时校舍的拆除和异地重建。

Westend Modular School Campus is one of the world’s largest school buildings in modular timber construction. The design and construction of the high school and elementary school building, which consists of about 350 prefabricated modules, was completed in just 24 months. The temporary facility for a total of 2,000 students is intended to be used for between five and ten years, until the permanent Westend school campus has been completed. The design is such that the building can be dismantled and the modules reused at another location.

立面细部 © Marcus Bredt

立面细部© Marcus Bredt

2019 年夏季，阿多诺文理中学首先正式迁入新校园。其后，霍茨豪斯小学在 2020 年年初也迁入其中。由于基地面积的限制，建筑布局紧凑，东西两侧呈对称关系，中学位于西侧，小学位于东侧，建筑中翼的行政部门在功能上将两所学校分隔开来。由此实现了道路交通的便捷化以及建造成本的经济性。

In the summer of 2019, the Adorno High School was the first to move in to the timber building, followed in 2020 by the Holzhausen Elementary School. The school building’s compact symmetrical form responds to the relatively small site while offering an economical design with short distances within the building. The high school is located in the western part of the symmetrically designed complex, and the elementary school is in the eastern part. Both schools share the administrative offices on the ground floor of the building’s middle wing.

儿童自由嬉戏的中心庭院© Marcus Bredt

一层架空部分 © Marcus Bredt

中学和小学都各自设有 6 个年级，共享这座临时校舍的三层建筑空间，两个绿树成荫的中心庭院被围合于建筑中间。所有教室均分布于较为静谧的东西两翼，庭院空间在建筑首层平面上朝向南侧开放。

The high school and the elementary school, each of which has six parallel classes per grade level, are consolidated in a three-story building with two internal courtyards for school recess activities. All classrooms are oriented to the quiet sides of the campus to the west and east, and especially to the landscaped courtyards, which individually form the spatial centers of the two schools and open outward to the south at the ground floor level.

建筑物南侧 © Marcus Bredt

孩子们在教室中 © Marcus Bredt

两所学校的主入口都位于北侧，紧邻主干道，从这里可以便捷地进入学校其他功能区域，校园食堂和共用的后厨区域也设置于此。

The entrances at the northern corners of the building are close to the main road, lead to the main circulation spine, which connects all the functional areas. The campus canteen and the shared kitchen area are also set here.

入口门厅 © Marcus Bredt

校园食堂© Marcus Bredt

本项目的建造采用了来自欧洲中部林区的共 5000 立方米木材，得益于对可再生原材料的充分利用，整体工程的碳排放量仅为一般砖混或钢筋混凝土建筑的四分之一。

In total, the modular timber building comprises about 5,000 cubic meters of wood from Central European forests. Because timber is a renewable raw material, the school building only produces one quarter of the carbon dioxide emissions of a comparable building in solid construction.

木材细部 © Marcus Bredt

木制楼梯间© Marcus Bredt

建筑室内地板铺面色彩丰富，各楼层室内空间设计各有千秋，有助于学校师生在庞大的建筑物中进行清晰的空间定位。

The school building’s wood material gives it a natural appearance, which is complemented on the inside by colored floors that vary from floor to floor, thus facilitating orientation and promoting pupils’ identification with their part of the building.

孩子在楼梯间嬉戏© Marcus Bredt

校舍作为临时建筑仍然以高节能标准建成，其能耗相较于现行标准低至 30%。除此以外，模块预制方式将建造周期缩短了约 60%：楼板、外立面及隔墙等独立构件均由一家瑞士的建造商预制生产，在当地不受天气影响的总装厂房内完成组装，当各构件被运送至建设基地后，在重型吊机辅助下按照精确设计的步骤完成最终安装。

Although conceived for temporary use, the building meets high energy standards, bettering the values stipulated by the current Energy Conservation Regulations (EnEV) by 30%. In addition, the modular construction meant that the construction time was reduced by about 60%. The individual elements for floors, facades, and walls were prefabricated in a Swiss factory, assembled in final assembly buildings where they were protected from the weather, transported to the building site in a precisely planned sequence and then lifted into their final position using a heavy-duty mobile crane.

预制构件的生产© Marcus Bredt

预制构件的搬运© Marcus Bredt

预制构件的搬运© Marcus Bredt

预制构件的搬运© Marcus Bredt

预制构件的吊装© Marcus Bredt

模块式搭建©gmp Architects

方案设计：福尔克温·玛格，胡贝特·尼恩霍夫与伯恩德·高斯曼以及马库斯·菲斯勒

项目负责人：伯恩德·高斯曼，马库斯·菲斯勒

设计团队：Martin Hakiel, Kseniia Riabchenko, Stefan Both, Meiyan Wong, Dina Fahim, Haian Zouabi, Eleonora La Mantia, Elvira Perfetto, Anna Bogucka, Mohammed El Soudani, Sophie-Charlotte Altrock

预制构件：company ERNE AG Holzbau，劳芬堡，瑞士

结构工程/建筑工程物理：Werner Sobek Frankfurt

机电工程：WPW，萨尔布吕肯

防火设计：Wagner Zeitter Bauingenieure，威斯巴登

景观设计：Pfrommer + Röder，斯图加特

业主：美茵河畔的法兰克福市政府

总建筑面积：16239 平方米

DesignVolkwin Marg and Hubert Nienhoff with Bernd Gossmann and Markus Pfisterer

Project leaderBernd Gossmann, Markus Pfisterer

Design teamMartin Hakiel, Kseniia Riabchenko, Stefan Both, Meiyan Wong, Dina Fahim, Haian Zouabi, Eleonora La Mantia, Elvira Perfetto, Anna Bogucka, Mohammed El Soudani, Sophie-Charlotte Altrock

Module constructioncompany ERNE AG Holzbau, Laufenburg, Switzerland

Structural engineering/Building physicsWerner Sobek Frankfurt

MEP engineeringWPW, Saarbrücken

Fire protectionWagner Zeitter Bauingenieure, Wiesbaden

Landscape designPfrommer + Röder, Stuttgart

ClientMunicipality ofFrankfurtam Main

GFA16,239 m²

总平面图©gmp Architects

一层平面图©gmp Architects

二层平面图©gmp Architects

剖面图©gmp Architects

剖面图©gmp Architects