印尼 WM 大礼堂 | 多功能空间与节能立面的创新融合

WM大礼堂位于印尼泗水的东部区，其目标是为学校每年的毕业典礼提供场所，此次建造一座大楼。大楼不仅要容纳21500名学生，还要为举办校园纪念活动提供场地，从而成为以学生为中心的建筑，更好地为学生提供服务。

Located in the East Region of Surabaya, the WM Plenary Hall's brief was simple : to create a building that caters for the annual graduation. Rather than simply designing a building that accommodates 2 1.500 students, we began asking ourselves, what other values can we add to make this building a student-centric building, rather than just being a monument used sparingly every year.

该项目是以非公开形式进行招标，建筑师研究了创建不同于该地区现有原型的体系结构，在设计中注入了各种非正式的功能空间，最终，设计出了简约且独特的方案。

As the project was procured through a closed competition, we look at ways to create an architecture that is different than the existing typology in the area. In the end, an idea of injecting various informal programs came into the design as a solution. The result is quite straightforward, yet unique.

充满活力。大中庭位于首层，通往二楼的多功能厅。建筑师在夹层中设置了较小的多功能室（会议和学习室），以在大空间和学生的活动之间建立联系，满足公共、私人以及特殊的空间需求。大礼堂以及后台区域和自助餐厅占据了整个三层。

Infused Activity. A big atrium is placed on the ground level, which leads to a multifunction hall on the second floor. We put smaller function rooms (meeting and study) on the mezzanine floor to create a connection between the main void and student’s activity. It’s purposely designed to accommodate both communal, specific and private program. The auditorium  fully occupies the entire 3rd floor alongside with backstage area and cafeteria. 

多功能空间。当主礼堂容量扩大到2000人时，新的问题就产生了。如果满足上层需求大，则建筑将需要减少公用区域的占地面积，或减少建筑其他方面（例如外墙）的预算。为了在学生活动中仍然获得充足的空间，同时有效控制立面预算，建筑师设计出 “高效建筑”作为解决方案。

该解决方案是通过创建最小浪费的表皮配置来实现的，可以动态地适应不同的地板质量。通过对不同类型的材料和模块的精心研究，并通过脚本和数字仿真的辅助，我们提出了用不同尺寸的平面铝板包裹建筑的想法。

Section of Program. A new problem arises when the main auditorium capacity is enlarged to 2.000. With a much bigger upper floor, the building will need to either decrease floor area in communal area or reduce the budget given at other aspects of the building, such as the facade. Mass Transformation. To still achieve an efficient enough floor area for student activities while also having enough budget for facade, we decided that it is important to build efficiently.

The solution comes through the creation of a minimal-waste skin configuration, which is tailored to follow the different floor masses dynamically. Through a thorough research on different types of material and modules, assisted by scripting and digital simulation, we come up with the idea of wrapping the building with various sized planar aluminum panels.

节能立面。建筑师设计出了足够多的刚性模块面板，以便在建筑外围随机复制拼贴，从而在进行计算的同时给人一种“随机感”。

我们首先将一个标准的现成面板在三个不同的区域中切成两部分，以得到总共6块具有两种颜色、不同大小的面板。

通过数字计算，然后将这6块面板重复放置在整个建筑中，像拼图一样拼贴成建筑的立面。

然后，我们用代码标记每个面板，以确保每个面板成对使用，同时仍按照具体图案进行切割，以最大程度地减少材料的浪费。

Waste-less Facade. The idea is to create enough rigid modules of panels to be replicated randomly around the building, to give a sense of 'randomness' while being calculative. We started by cutting a standard off the shelf panels into two in three different areas, creating a total configuration of 6 individual sized panels. These panels will then have two different shades of color, creating 6 pairs of different panels. Through digital computation, these 6 pairs are then put repeated and spread across the whole building, covering the protruding masses of the building like a puzzle. We then tagged each panels with codes to make sure that every panels are used in pairs whilst also creating a cutting pattern size for each individual pieces that minimize the waste of the 'off the shelf' panels.

这种方式仅产生7％的铝板废料，而通常情况下可达到20-25％的浪费。我们专注于控制材料效率和整体建筑形式之间的平衡，不断推敲其形状以达到最有效的浪费百分比。

This method generates only 7% of aluminium panel waste, when normally it can reach up to 20-25% of waste. We focus on controlling the balance between material efficiency and the overall building form, ever changing its shape slightly to come up with the most efficient waste percentage. 

与最初设计相比，该项目方案作出了很多调整，尤其是立面。通过数字计算，这些变化可以很容易地控制和重新计算，以将浪费降至最低。此外，这种方法还能确保建设花费不会超出业主的预算。

Compared to the initial design in the competition, there are a lot of adjustments being done as the project goes, especially for the facade. Through digital computation, these changes can easily be controlled and re-calculated in order to keep the waste minimum. This approach also help the owners confidence in keeping the building, especially the facade, within budget.

场地平面图

平面图

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建筑师：Bgnr Architects

地点：印度尼西亚

面积：7160平方米

2020年9月

【实地考察 | 七大精品项目】

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