承德博物馆 | 融入自然的藏式建筑

融入自然的建筑

承德以“避暑山庄”闻名于世，是清代皇宫和“外八庙”寺庙群，已被列为世界文化遗产。它们赋予这个城市一个特殊且宏伟的历史场景。在这样的背景下设计城市博物馆，首先明确的方向是尊重历史和自然，以一种谦逊的态度将建筑融入环境。

 Chengde is most famous for "The Mountain Resort” as the Royal Palace of Qing Dynasty and "The Eight Outlying Temples" forming the temple complex, which has been listed as World Cultural Heritage. They give the city a special and grand historical scene. In designing the City Museum under such a circumstance, our first clear direction is to respect history and nature and to integrate architecture into the environment with a humble attitude.

鸟瞰图

从“新”的地面长起来的建筑

“藏起来”的建筑

遗址四周为古建筑和风景名胜区，属三级文物保护区。受国家文物局、河北省文物局等单位的制约。建设条件非常严苛，其中对建筑影响最大的因素是限高7m。

The site is surrounded by ancient buildings and scenic spots and belongs to the three-level cultural relics protection zone. It is restricted by the State Cultural Relics Bureau, Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, and other units. The construction conditions are very strict. The most restrictive condition for the construction is the height of 7m.

建筑主入口

场地主入口看下沉庭院

首先，调整和组织建设场地。挖掘约6米的基地，使下沉庭院看起来像一个新的“地面”。因此，建筑向上布置两层，使地面外的部分控制在7米以内，仿佛“藏”在环境中一样。

建筑与分散的庭院布局相结合，形成良好的采光通风效果，消除了传统地下建筑的封闭感。下沉庭院的边缘，结合当地古代建筑中常见的台基形式，形成了一个层层退落的台地。

The first step is to adapt and organize the building site. Dig the base for about 6m to make the sinking courtyard look like a new "ground".The building is thus arranged two floors upwards so that the part out of the ground is controlled within 7m as if "hidden" in the environment. The building is combined with the scattered layout of the courtyard, forming a good lighting and ventilation effect, eliminating the sense of closure of conventional underground buildings. The edge of the sinking courtyard, combined with the common platform foundation form in the local ancient construction, has made a platform that falls layer by layer.

下沉庭院边缘的“清水”片墙

下沉庭院边缘的坡道

下沉庭院边缘的台阶

结合“藏”体量和周边独特的景观，将屋顶设计为城市的观景平台，为人们提供了从远处观看文物和遗产的机会。

这座建筑的功能被放大，可以融入环境，同时表现环境；既可以向内、向下参观特定的展品，也可以向上和向外欣赏鲜活的“世界文化遗产”。

这是

个

全方位的“博物馆”，这就是它区别于其他博物馆建筑的最大不同之处。

Combined with the "hidden" volume and the special and unique characteristics of the surrounding landscape, the roof is designed as a viewing platform for the city, providing people with the opportunity to see the cultural relics and heritage sites from a distance. The function of the building is magnified. It can be integrated into the environment and can express the environment at the same time; it can not only visit specific exhibits inwards and downwards but also appreciate the lively "World Heritage" upwards and outwards. The museum is a "museum" in every sense of the word, and this is what sets it apart from other museum buildings.

入口广场中轴线上远眺“磬锤峰”

承德博物馆：花格墙立面与远处的“磬锤峰”

The center of the building is a horseshoe-shaped outdoor courtyard. We embellish it with two trees of “Pinus tabulaeformis” representing the Mountain Resort, creating a quiet atmosphere. Showcasing the historical context and artistic conception of Chengde in a posture of "seeing the big in the small, the forest at hand".

庭院整体延续了避暑山庄的意境，为游客和工作人员提供舒适的驻足空间和步行体验。

The courtyard as a whole continues the artistic conception of the Mountain Resort”, providing tourists and staff with a comfortable stopping space and walking experience.

展馆屋顶观景平台

展馆屋顶观景平台

藏式建筑的经典元素是梯形窗。因此，这个元素被抽象成一种新的设计语言。除了在所有砌筑墙体上使用了倾斜的混凝土线条，也在部分墙上直接运用了“梯形”。

The classic element of Tibetan architecture is the trapezoidal window. Therefore, this element was abstracted into a new design language. In addition to the use of inclined strip fair-faced concrete on all masonry walls, a "trapezoid" was also directly used on some walls.

入口檐下远望

“空中连桥”

一层展厅回廊看内庭院

雪中的油松，隐约可见其八角形的树穴

雪中的油松，隐约可见其八角形的树穴

藏起来的楼梯

楼梯上空

区位分析图

总平面图

平面图

剖面图

视线分析

功能分析

外檐详图出图

建筑师：华汇营造

地点：承德

主创建筑师：周恺

设计团队：王建平、唐敏、黄彧晖、高洪波

结构设计：毛文俊

景观设计：黄文亮

室内设计：沈薇

面积：25163平方米

年份：2019

摄影：Gang Wei

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