牛角冲村滨水空间改造丨中国六安丨傅英斌工作室

项目背景 | Background

牛角冲村位于安徽霍山县城郊，背靠大别山，处于霍山县南岳山景区大环线之上的一处重要节点。作为大景区环线上的重要村庄节点，牛角冲村既有自身环境改造提升的诉求，同时作为旅游通道上的重要节点也亟待提升。

Located at the suburb of Huoshan County, Anhui Province and rested against Dabie Mountain, Niujiaochong Village is a site of great importance in the grand circle of the Nanyue Mountain scenic spot. Because of its important location, it needs both environmental upgrading and development as an important junction point.

▼项目视频，Video

牛角冲中心村被一条小河穿过，该村民组民宅都沿河岸两侧而建，菜地、竹林分布其间，村民们的洗衣洗菜每天也都在河边进行，河道涵盖了众多村民的日常生活场景。但同时河道由于常年缺少治理和维护也存在诸多问题，河道内杂草丛生，淤积严重，上下游道路无法连通，河边现状洗衣点也非常简陋，使用不便。本项目以河道为依托，以公共空间为切入，通过对滨水空间的梳理，重塑乡村生活依水为邻的传统空间叙事，以当下乡村生活为背景再现乡村公共空间活力。

▼总平面图，Site plan

With a river running across the Niujiaochong Village, the villagers have built their homes along the river banks, including dwellings, vegetable fields and bamboo forest. Many daily scenes can be seen along the river. For example, there you can see residents washing clothes and vegetables every day. However, the river course leaves much to be desired due to the perennial lack of governance and maintenance. The upper and lower reaches of the river course are silted because of overrunning weeds and accumulated sediments. And it’s quite primitive and inconvenient to wash clothes in the river. Based on the river course and from the perspective of public space, therefore, this project reexamines the waterfront space to reconstruct the traditional spatial narrative of rural life adjacent to water and reproduce the vitality of rural public space according to the current rural life.

▼场地原状，The existing site

方案设计 | Scheme and Design

方案在河道上下游设置了两处洗衣和休憩埠头，将河边洗衣这一带有社交属性的日常劳动与公共空间结合，使乡村空间重焕生机。在整个构筑物系统中使用了统一的形式，材料上采用了标准化的钢材以及常见的乡村材料，降低建造难度的同时具有推广和示范效应。

Two quays for laundry and relaxation are designed in the upper reaches and the lower reaches, which combines laundry, a daily activity and a form of social communication, with public spaces, and refreshes the rural spaces. The design adopts an integrated language and form, using standard steels and other materials common in rural areas. By doing so, both the difficulty of construction could be diminished, and the design could be accepted and followed.

▼项目概览，Preview

上游埠头 |The Upper Quay

上游埠头原本是一处桥边的下河台阶，台阶直接与车行道相连接，存在一定交通危险，河道长满杂草，淤积严重。改造过程中将桥与洗衣埠头整体考虑，原下河台阶做了方向上的调整，在桥头的入口处形成可以坐下聊天的休闲空间，下河台阶的巨大屋檐为下方的洗衣空间提供遮蔽，河道中通过两道拦水墙形成一处水池，上下各有水口，村民既可以在池中漂洗大件衣物也可以在流速较快的水口处冲刷。

The upper quay used to be steps down the river next to the bridge, where there is a certain traffic risk because of the direct connection between steps and lanes, and the river course is filled with overrunning weeds and accumulated sediments. In the transformation process, the bridge and the laundry quay are considered as a whole. The direction of original steps has been adjusted to form a leisure space where people can chat at the entrance of the bridge. The huge eaves of the steps then shelter the laundry space below. In the river course, a pool is formed by two retaining walls, with outlets at both the top and bottom, so villagers can rinse large clothing in the pool or at the outlets where water flows quickly.

▼上游码头及轴侧，Axon –The Upper Quay

▼上游埠头，The Upper Quay

▼游埠头及桥，The quay and the bridge

下游埠头 | The Lower Quay

下游埠头原本是一处已经废弃的过水路面，我们与河道平行架设了一处风雨廊。风雨廊一端连接村庄道路，一端连接滨水栈道，中间开口连接下河平台。风雨廊像一艘小船停泊在河岸，人在廊中行走，河道如画卷般徐徐展开。临水一侧的屋檐做了深远的出挑和压低，使视线框定在河道水面之上。廊子内部相对的暗与静跟河道的亮与动形成强烈的对比。

The lower quay used to be a deserted water splash, so we design a weather corridor parallel to the river side. One end of the corridor connects with the road to the village, and the other connects with the waterfront plank road. An entrance to the downstream platform is set in the middle of the corridor. The weather corridor is thus like a boat floating above the river, and it looks like a painting scroll when people walk along the river course. The eaves on the side facing the water are deeply overhung and lowered so that people’s sight is limited to the surface of the water. And the relative darkness and quietness inside the corridor are in an interesting contrast to the lightness and movement of the river.

▼下游码头及轴侧，Axon –The Lower Quay

▼游埠头及风雨廊，The quay and the weather corridor

河道中我们新建了三道拦水坝，将河道水位抬高，河中放置数块巨石作为过河汀步，每个拦水坝上设置出水口方便村民洗涮衣物。拦水坝形成上中下三个水面，划分成三个洗涮区域，根据水的清洁程度来区分使用场景：上游水面洗衣，中间水面洗菜，下游水面多为洗涮拖布等。河道对面的几颗大树下，作为对景我们设置了一处树下的休憩平台，村民日常可以坐下聊天或者打牌，水岸洗衣也成了他们俯瞰观赏的景象。

In the river course, we have built three new retaining dams to raise the water level to a certain height, and several boulders are placed in the river as stepping stones to cross the river. Each retaining dam has a water outlet to facilitate the villagers to wash clothes. The three levels in the course of the dam form three washing areas, including the upstream, midstream and downstream. The upstream area is used for laundry, the midstream for washing vegetables, and the downstream mainly for washing mops, each being distinguished according to the cleanliness of the water. Also, we set up a rest platform under the trees opposite the river as a backdrop, which is an excellent place for villagers to rest, chat and play cards every day, and from which they can also see the whole water area.

▼水边的洗衣村民，Villagers washing their clothes along the river

▼风雨廊，The weather corridor

▼风雨廊外观细节，Exterior detailed view

▼树下平台，The platform sheltered by trees

滨水栈道 | Waterfront Plank Road

现状河道的自然驳岸是最好的乡村景色，在最小干预的原则下简单梳理，我们布置了一条滨水栈道，使所有的节点相互串联，也为村民日常耕种和进山提供了便利。步道一部分位于水边水草之中，一部分位于水边山坡竹林之上。整个步道与水的关系亲切自然，为游客提供了一条体验乡村水边生活的路径。

The original revetments on both sides of the current river are the best rural scenery. Through simple reviews, we have set a waterfront plank road connecting all the junction points, which also provides convenience for the villagers to farm and enter the mountain. One part of the trail is located at the waterside and among the water plants, while the other part lies at the hillside and above the bamboo forest. The relationship between the footpath and water is cordial and natural, providing a scenic route for tourists to experience the rural waterfront scenery.

▼滨水栈道，Waterfront Plank Road

村委广场 | Village Committee Square

在现有村委广场的基础上依托现状大树进行了局部改造，增设了秋千廊架，为村民日常的活动与休憩提供了一处舒适的空间。

Taking into account the trees in the existing Village Committee Square, the partial reconstruction of the square is carried out and a porch is newly built, which provides a comfortable space for villagers’ daily activities and rest.

▼村委广场，Village Committee Square

影响 | Impact of the Project

项目完成后，滨水的洗衣埠头的受欢迎程度出乎意料。每天清晨从七点到十点，这里成为最为热闹的时段，村民聚集在此洗衣聊天。埠头不仅是一处洗衣的功能设施，还成为了小村庄的信息中心与社交场所，家长里短、大事小情在此汇集。每当下雨，村民就近在风雨廊休息。项目通过对乡村日常生活场景的活化和提升，使原本衰落的乡村公共空间以崭新的形式依托河水得以复兴，重塑了乡村以水为邻的生活画卷。

When the project is complete, the popularity of the waterfront laundry quay is unexpected. Every day from 7:00 am to 10:00 am, it is the liveliest time when the villagers gather together and wash clothes and chat. Now the quay is not only a functional facility for washing clothes, but an information center and social arena, where people in the small village chat and gossip. And when it rains, the villagers could rest in the weather corridor nearby. In short, with the activation and improvement of the scene of daily rural life, the project has revived the originally declining rural public space with the help of the river, and reshaped the landscape of rural life adjacent to water.

▼风雨廊夜景，Night view of the weather corridor

项目名称：安徽霍山牛角冲村中心村美丽乡村及人居环境改善提升

项目地址：安徽省六安市霍山县牛角冲村

业主：霍山县衡山镇人民政府

主创设计师：傅英斌

团队：赵思媛、官苗苗、宋嘉

摄影：傅英斌工作室

面积：1.3 公顷

设计时间：2020 年 5 月

完工时间：2021 年 9 月

Location: Niujiaochong Village, Huoshan County, Lu’an City, Anhui Province

Owner: People’s Government of Hengshan Town, Huoshan County

Chief Designer: Fu Yingbin

Design Team: Zhao Siyuan, Guan Miaomiao, Song Jia

Site Area: 13 000 m2

Completion Time: September 2021

Photography: Fu Yingbin Studio

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