鼓浪屿当代艺术中心丨中国厦门丨URBANUS都市实践

项目背景

Background

2017 年 7 月 8 日，“鼓浪屿：国际历史社区”被列入世界遗产名录，成为中国第 52 项世界遗产项目。申遗的成功标志着鼓浪屿更加开放，从空间属性上不再只是厦门的，而是世界的；在时间属性上不再只是过去的，而是未来的。而申遗的成功，也使鼓浪屿更难改变，它的物理架构必须凝固在被法律定义的某一状态上。这种流动的时空和固化的建筑的矛盾只有靠这个地理和物理空间上发生的内容来调和，这使当代艺术的介入成为刚需。

On July 8, 2017, “Kulangsu: Historic International Settlement” was added to the World Heritage Site list, becoming the 52nd World Heritage Project in China.

The success of applying for such designation signifies how Kulangsu became more open and that its spatial attributes belong not only to Xiamen but also the world; in terms of time, it not only belongs to the past, but to the future as well.

In a way, this designation also makes it more difficult to change Kulangsu, for its physical structure must conform to a state defined by laws.

The contradiction between the flow of time and the solidified architecture can only be reconciled by what takes place on its geographical and physical space—making the intervention of contemporary art a necessity.

▼整体鸟瞰，Overall aerial view

在这种时空压缩的背景下，“鼓浪屿当代艺术中心”闪亮登场。它的舞台是个天然的艺术社区：在鼓浪屿西侧远离旅游核心区的海边，坐落着岛上面积最大的公共机构，暨创办于 1952 年的鹭潮美术学校，1958 年更名为厦门工艺美术学校，1960 年更名为厦门工艺美术学院，1963 年更名为福建工艺美术学校，1989 年升级为福州大学工艺美术系，1993 年成立福州大学工艺美术学院，2000 年正式并入福州大学。她是培养一代又一代福建知名艺术家的母校，也随着学子们的事业成功而名扬天下。近年来，学校的教学功能已彻底退场，留下 50 亩空间和 2.2 万平方米的建筑面积，作为鼓浪屿最大的集中管理物业，期待着用更丰富多彩的艺术生产与再生产的内容来华丽转身。

2017 年 10 月，国企联发集团和福州大学签约，接手校园项目改造，将之塑造为新型艺术园区，激活相对封闭的岛屿西部资源，利用后发优势，把申遗成功后的鼓浪屿推向一个新的高度。

2020 年 12 月，凤凰卫视领客文化与联发集团开始合作启动区项目，共同打造“鼓浪屿当代艺术中心”（以下简称 KCCA），带来丰富多元的国际艺术展览、公共艺术计划、跨界艺术展示。随即 URBANUS 都市实践应邀参加 KCCA 的设计工作。

Against a backdrop of space-time compression, Kulangsu Contemporary Art Center (hereinafter KCCA) made its debut. Its stage is a natural art community: on the west side of Kulangsu Island and away from the tourists, it sits in the largest public institution on the island. This institution was founded in 1952 as Luchao Art School; renamed multiple times as Xiamen Arts and Crafts School in 1958, Xiamen Arts and Crafts College in 1960, and Fujian Arts and Crafts School in 1963; it was upgraded to the Arts and Crafts Department of Fuzhou University in 1989; and established later as the Arts and Crafts College of Fuzhou University in 1993. The institution was then formally incorporated into Fuzhou University in 2000. Today, the school is the alma mater responsible for cultivating generations of famous artists from Fujian and has become famous around the world thanks to the success of its students’ careers. The teaching function of the school, however, has been completely disbanded in recent years, leaving 50 mu of empty land and a building of 22,000 square meters. As the largest centrally managed property in Kulangsu, it awaits artistic productions and colorful reproductions to bring about a magnificent transformation.

In October 2017, the state-owned Lianfa Group signed a contract with Fuzhou University to take over the campus renovation and turn it into a new type of arts park. By activating the relatively-closed resources on the island’s west and taking advantage of late development, it is possible for Kulangsu to reach new heights after its successful World Heritage designation.

In December 2020, Phoenix Satellite TV Linke Culture and Lianfa Group began their cooperation to jointly build KCCA, bringing a rich variety of international art exhibitions, public art planning, and cross-disciplinary exhibitions. URBANUS was then invited to help with the KCCA design work.

▼改造后美院前区鸟瞰，Aerial view after renovation

项目挑战

Challenges

鼓浪屿申遗成功后，改造设计趋之若鹜，条件却又异常苛刻，根据《厦门经济特区鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑保护条例》，“不得变动建筑原有的外貌、基本平面布局和有特色的室内装修；建筑内部其他部分允许作适当的变动”。这种条件促使建筑师要有更高明的顶层设计和底层逻辑，最大化利用不可再生的空间资源，利用空间的巧妙梳理来升级迭代既有的物业。

使用方初始选择园区前广场右侧的原教学楼作为 KCCA 展厅。这虽然是个开门见山的合适选择，在校园由外到里改造的时空顺序上也合理，但似乎还不足以发挥这个艺术机构对整个园区和片区所要承担的催化剂作用。

经过现场调研，建筑师意识到要从鼓浪屿整体的物业特征出发来为 KCCA 找到最适合的家。显然，针对几乎都是小尺度的既有房子，大空间是最佳的选项，而在入口广场再往里走的大礼堂正是这样的选项。这是一个在鼓浪屿算是“超大”的建筑，上层是大礼堂，下层是食堂，可能除了鼓浪屿音乐厅之外，再也不可能在岛上找到这样的单一空间了。它坐落于校园边界，外面是通往内厝澳码头的康泰路，还有同步升级园区和社区的区位优势。因此，建筑师将之作为 KCCA 场所的建议也马上得到甲方的认同。

改造后的建筑将下层多柱的原食堂改为美术馆，上层起坡的礼堂改为以平地为主的多功能空间。同时，把这个主体建筑前后的一些房子纳入到 KCCA 的体系，打造一个有别于一般艺术馆的空间序列。

After Kulangsu’s World Heritage designation, its reconstruction has been a topic of great debate since its guidelines are extremely restricted according to the Regulations of Xiamen Special Economic Zone on the Protection of Kulangsu’s Historic Buildings. The regulations state that “the original appearance, plan layout, and distinctive interior decoration of the building shall not be altered; other parts of the building are allowed to make appropriate changes accordingly.” This condition urges architects to employ sophisticated and logical design, maximize non-renewable spatial resources, and upgrade existing properties through the ingenious sorting of space.

The user initially selected the original teaching building on the right side of the park’s entrance square as KCCA’s exhibition hall. Although it seemed like an apparent choice in terms of its own spatial sequence and the campus’ renovation sequence from the outside-in, it as an art organization alone is not sufficient to serve as a catalyst for the entire park and beyond. After an on-site investigation, the architect recognized the need to find the most suitable home for KCCA based on the overall property characteristics of Kulangsu. Obviously, a large space is the best option for almost all existing small-scale houses, and the auditorium near the back of the entrance square—a “super large” building on Kulangsu Island—offered just such an option. While the upper floor houses the auditorium itself, the lower floor served as the cafeteria. Other than the island’s concert hall, a singular space with such potential would be impossible to find elsewhere on the island.

▼一层平面图，First Floor Plan

设计定位

Conception

这样的选址面临着另一个挑战：主体空间位于校园腹部，改造难度在于如何形成一个有趣的空间序列，把人流从前广场引导而来，把现有校园零散、不统一的部件，组成一个有机的体系，串联梳理出完整的空间叙事。

这个叙事在两个方面展开：一方面变成源头活水，让游客在园区里的动线流动起来，形成内循环；另一方面利用边界区位，把外部的区域动线活络起来，形成外循环。这种把小项目往区域环境放大的设计立足点，也是 URBANUS 都市实践最基本的解题方式。

设计策略：

1. 整体上还是个一气呵成的格式塔体系；

2. 每个段落都有各自的主题，使不同环节之间的转换有新的精彩；

3. 因地制宜，用抽象和具象的方式显影出前人埋伏在此地的场所精神；

4. 润物细无声，在不经意之中默默完成极简的改造；

5. 用叠加的历史显示出时间和空间的魅力，并让后续的使用方可以在这个基础上继续叠加新未来。

This new site selection brought about another challenge: situated in the campus’ belly, the difficulty lies in how to form an intriguing spatial sequence that can guide visitors from the entrance square inward; using scattered components of the existing campus, an organic circulation can help formulate a full spatial narrative. This narrative unfolds in two aspects. On the one hand, it should become the fountainhead where tourists flow into the park and creates an internal cycle. On the other hand, the site’s boundary ought to activate external areas to form an external cycle. This strategy of expanding projects beyond its own scale is not only this project’s essence, it is also URBANUS’s most fundamental solution.

This required a unique yet harmonious strategy for distributing space with the following rules:

1. Overall, it is one holistic, gestalt system.

2. Each section has its own theme, made spectacular by the transition in-between.

3. Tailored to local conditions; unearth the place’s spirit intended by its predecessors via abstract and literal means.

4. Silently conveyed, the design should inadvertently complete the minimalist transformation.

5. The project exhibits the beauty of space and time by multiplying history of the site, and allows users to continue applying new opportunities in future upon it.

▼复杂的空间体系，Axon

设计态度：尊重遗产的最少干预

Design Attitude: Minimal intervention to respect heritage

文物保护的基本原则是最少干预，尽量以遗产本体为主角。但由于功能的改变、时代需求的改变，干预是不可避免的，最少干预不等于不干预，只是有原则、有策略、有标准、有技巧、有效果地干预。

对遗产本体认知首先需要意识到遗产是一个客观的存在物，维持它持续的存在生命力是遗产改造的第一要务。最少的干预是指能够有效地使已经失去功能的遗产自然而然地在当下生活中获得新生，因此没有必要去剔除那些不影响新使用功能的要素，即使它们在新的条件下并没有使用价值。因此要有包容的态度。

这种态度对位的是对遗产的价值认知。要改造的老建筑基本建于上世纪八九十年代，有那个改革开放初期明显的后现代印记，虽然建筑经初步修整显得干净整洁，但其形式已经完全不符合当今的审美趣味。一个容易的冲动是去除那些落伍的檐口、柱头、窗扇的装饰。但建筑师认为不能把今天的审美观凌驾于历史之上，有可能未来对我们今天的审美也会是一种否定。因此不仅仅“非必要不改变”成为一个最少干预的原则，还要力争把那些历史装裱在当下设计的画框里。这种逻辑自然而然地衍生出改造设计是“一层一层历史的叠加”的方法论，让当下变成历史的上一层，但一定要露出历史的一角。

The basic principle of cultural relic protection is to minimize intervention and let the heritage itself take the leading role. However, due to changes of function and the needs of the time, intervention is inevitable. The least intervention does not mean the lack of any intervention at all, but rather intervention with principles, strategies, standards, techniques, and effectiveness. Understanding the heritage requires one to realize that relics holds an objective existence; maintaining their vitality is the priority of any heritage renovation. In other words, minimal intervention means naturally breathing new life into a heritage that has lost its old purpose. Therefore, it is unnecessary to remove elements that do not affect the new program, even if they have no usage value under the new conditions. These dynamics, in turn, require having an inclusive attitude.

This attitude is in contrast to the recognition of heritage value. Built in the 1980s and 1990s, the buildings to be renovated had an obvious post-modern imprint from the early days of reform and opening-up. The buildings may appear clean and tidy after preliminary repair, but their forms no longer convey today’s aesthetics. An easy impulse is to remove the outdated decorations of cornices, capitals, and window sashes. However, the architect believes one cannot place today’s aesthetics above history’s and that the future will one day also be a negation of today’s aesthetics. Therefore, the principle of minimal intervention is not limited to “not change unnecessarily”, but it also requires one to strive to frame those histories in the current design. Such logic naturally underpins a methodology where renovation design is a “repeated layering of history.” In essence, the present becomes a new upper layer but must reveal a corner of history.

▼改造前架空层，Veranda’s platform before renovation

设计：空间序幕

Design: Prelude of spaces

URBANUS 都市实践加入美院校园改造时，校园其它部分正在进行原校舍的修复和校园环境的整治工作，校区的入口广场已经经过了新的铺装，使之成为这个片区比较难得的大尺度广场，可以进行市集和户外演艺、集会活动。然而这个整修好的广场还是有些干巴，缺一点灵气。广场的底景是 80 年代盖的教学主楼，它的首层完全架空，架空层背后是长满绿藤的挡土墙，挡土墙的石材质感还隐约呈现出一个原设计师精心构图的图案。这是个避雨和纳凉的积极空间，楼上的一个消防楼梯也落在这个架空层里。同时，为了改善垂直交通条件，甲方正在这里加建一对电梯。原有的图案讲究的铺地吸引了设计师的注意力，因为闽南建筑的一个很重要的传统就是地面铺装很讲究，图案和材料都表征了主人的品味和身份。无疑，从改造这个铺地出发，把空空如也架空层升级为整个校区的前厅，会拉开校园新故事的序幕。

改造的策略从空间的微调入手。架空层不是很高，按照常识，室外空间越高越好。但要引发出对空间的情动，这个常识可以颠倒过来，用制造一点点空间的压迫感来带动对空间的感知。经过在现场的反复比较，设计采用了在架空层中再嵌入一个小舞台的方式，更夸张了那个消防梯的走向，用一个景框墙来整合水电井等，还增加了一些元素，并把平台变成后面的挡土墙的水平折面。这些处理使这个舞台上有了一些固定的布景。

Based on the principle of respecting and protecting each historical segment, discrete elements bearing traces of the past are treated as independent scenes, which are then reassembled into a complex whole, allowing visitors to experience the changing landscape in a suspenseful space.

The campus’ entrance square is flanked by a veranda beneath the teaching building, and to the back stands a retaining wall overgrown with vines. The wall’s stony texture also vaguely presents a pattern carefully composed by the original designer. This positive space offers shelter from rain and the cold.

▼把平台变成后面的挡土墙的水平折面方案图，The rendering of the preliminary scheme

架空层原来的图案是 80 年代典型的石材纹样，虽然现在看来显得过时和俗气了，但它承载了一个时代的审美，和校友对校园的历史记忆。因此建筑师仍然希望这个铺装能够被保留，其上叠加的约四五十公分厚的平台不把它全覆盖，特意以不整齐的边界露出了一部分原来的地面。

The original pavement is very peculiar and covered in a typical stone pattern from the 1980s. Although seemingly outdated and tacky today, it signifies the aesthetic of an era and memory of the campus alumni. Therefore, this pavement is retained, and at the same time, a 40-centimeter-thick platform with an irregular boundary is placed on it, with parts of the original ground deliberately exposed.

▼原架空层地面铺地，the original paving of the veranda’s platform

新的地面自然要和原来的图案拉大距离。初始的方案是让背景的挡土墙石材翻折到地面，这个逻辑使平台的空间更好地与后院空间结合。那个挡土墙的立面当时也是经过精心设计，同一材料还有两种质感，并拼出图案。

The new ground naturally needed to be separated from the original pavement. Initially, the idea was to have stones from the retaining wall unfold and extended into the ground plane; however, removing other similar retaining walls in the park for reuse was impossible as the appropriate materials were no longer available.

▼初始的方案让背景的挡土墙石材翻折到地面，

the preliminary idea was to have stones from the retaining wall unfold and extended into the ground plane

施工时发现这种材料已无处可寻，即使去园区中拆其它同类挡土墙来取材，数量也不够。甲方领导又顾及到过分粗糙的毛石会带来摔跤的可能，建议平整一些，可以从闽南的“出砖入石”的做法中找灵感。建筑师本来正纠结于如何把“时代性”和“在地性”相结合，立即从这个建议中抓住了机会，马上派驻场建筑师去泉州考察“出砖入石”和“出石入砖”的案例。

其实并没有合适的能够直接照搬的“出砖入石”图案，而且传统的“出砖入石”需要砖和石都要碎化，当下标准化产生的建材很难做到这点。好在现场的施工管理人员非常给力，采购几种不同薄厚的砖，以及让工人把标准石材加工得更有手工感。

最后的铺装方案是以有自然图案感的红砖为主，点缀以在图纸上精心布局、在现场又反复推敲的石头，用“出砖入石”的概念做出闽南的味道，既是对地方传统工艺的致意，又把熟悉的做法转化为一种“陌生”的场景。这个图案可以理解为一种当下的图像志，与下一层上个时代的图像形成对照，带出整个设计中“叠加的历史”的概念。

▼闽南出砖入石作法（黄汉民提供），technic “stones embedded in brick” in southern Fujian

▼用“出砖入石”的概念，把熟悉的做法转化为一种“陌生”的场景，Paving with local characteristics: The wall practice of “stones embedded in brick” in southern Fujian is used on the ground, transforming the familiar practice into an unfamiliar scene

The final plan utilized red bricks to pave. The color is striking and has the characteristics of southern Fujian. To create the effect, red bricks were mixed with larger, carefully arranged stones, applying the “stones embedded in brick” technique found in walls of southern Fujian to the ground. This not only pays homage to local traditional crafts, but also serves as an “unfamiliar” scene. This pattern can be understood as a kind of present-day image record, which forms a contrast to the layer below from the previous era – thus expressing in layers the depth of history.

▼添加新的景观平台的同时保留旧有的铺装，表达出有层次感的历史，

Comparison of past and present: The addition of new landscape platforms while retaining the old paving expresses layers of history

▼把闽南“出砖入石”的墙面做法用在地面，把熟悉的做法转化为一种陌生的场景，Paving with local characteristics: The wall practice of “stones embedded in brick” in southern Fujian is used on the ground, transforming the familiar practice into an unfamiliar scene

▼架空层平台成为园区的序幕，Veranda’s platform as the prelude of spaces

设计：空间序列

Design: Activate the space sequence of the campus

原校区在历史上是不断扩建的结果，且学校功能是分布式的教学，空间上并没有起承转合的定式。但新的艺术园区需要空间的序列来有秩序地引导游客。这个序列的设计也要叠加在历史的本体存在物上。本着尊重和保护每一个历史片段的原则，新的空间序列正好可以分解成离散的部件，每个点都在原来历史痕迹上处理成独立的场景，再组装进一个复杂的整体，让游人在有张力的空间中体验变化的风景。

面对广场的主楼立面不能改变，基调是均匀的暖白色，如何为人流提供一个导视系统，简单的方法是可以使用响亮的颜色。原建筑左侧有双重立面，将里衬部分一、二层的外墙贴上红色的陶板，一层室内也刷成陶红色。这样从前广场看过来，在浅色底景里鲜明的红色会跃然眼前，自然而然地提示人们进入红色的序厅。

The facade of the main building facing the square—colored in a warm, uniform white—cannot be changed. However, the most common way to provide a visual guidance system requires using flashy colors. While the original building’s left side kept its double facades, the design covered its inner walls on the first and second floors in red ceramic plates. The interior of the first floor is also painted in ceramic red. When viewed from the entrance square, the bright red color tucked beneath a neutral backdrop will pop out to visitors from afar – naturally prompting them to enter the red lobby.

▼入口使用响亮的砖红色将人流引入序厅，The entrance uses a flashy brick-red color to direct visitors into the lobby

▼序厅，Lobby

穿过红色序厅，是原建筑两个体量交叉的转折点，并在这个转折的地方有一个圆厅，厅顶是一个镂空的拱，厅内可以看到二层的接待室。这个圆厅的短支剪力墙非常可爱。外侧是石膏浮雕，内侧挂着圆雕的小天使。圆厅地面是彩色石头的碎花拼装，颇具过去那个时代的历史风采。时间的斑痕在雕塑和墙面上形成了不可再生的质感。因此，这些历史包浆被小心地保留下来，与整修一新的周边环境形成了鲜明的对比。

Passing through the red lobby, one arrives at the turning point where two volumes of the original building intersect. Here, the intersection takes the form of a cylindrical hall topped by a hollow dome, which can see into the reception room on the floor above. One cute aspect of its design is related to its shear walls: while the outside is done in plaster relief, the inside hangs small angel sculptures. In addition, its floor is paved in a mosaic of colored stones reflective of the historical style in a past era; these traces of time form an irreplaceable texture on the sculpture and the wall. As a result, these historical envelopes have been carefully preserved, forming a sharp contrast with the surrounding renovated environment.

▼保留的历史包浆与整修一新的周边环境形成对比，

The preserved historical coating stands in contrast with the renovated environment

圆厅的另一端连接着以黑色为基调的石厅，之所以称为石厅，是因为此处本是个敞廊，当中伫立着一块镌刻着“鹭潮”二字的天然巨石，之前盖房子时不容易去掉，就被包含在建筑内。在新的设计中，这个地方被围合成一个黑色的空间，以圆亭为轴，与红厅相对应。这样，三个有几何特征的形体构成了整个空间序列的第一组团，利用原有的空间素材，把原来全无章法的空间一下子组织成有逻辑的构图。比起红色序厅的跃动，黑色石厅给人一种放松的心态。在巨石两侧，一边是接待台，一边是一对在黑暗中点着台灯的曲线的长桌。建筑师希望这里成为一个只读一本书的阅览室，游人可以静静地坐下来，在黑色中享受宁静，而外部的世界则被模糊成玻璃砖墙后面的光斑。

▼石厅改造前，Stone Hall before renovation

One end of the cylindrical hall leads to the Stone Hall finished in black; its name was derived from it being an open corridor with natural boulders set within, one of which engraved with the words “Heron Tide.” Such a feature is difficult to remove while constructing, so the boulders were kept inside. In the new design, this area is enclosed in a black space; using the cylindrical hall as its axis, it corresponds with the red hall. This way, three geometric shapes joins to form the first group of the entire spatial sequence. Using existing spatial fabric, the intervention turned what was once an unorganized space into a logical, narrative-led composition. Compared with the dynamism of the red lobby, the black stone hall instead offers people a place of repose. On one side of the boulder is the reception desk, and on the other a pair of long curved tables with lamps lit in the dark. The architect hopes this space can one day become a reading room with only one book, where visitors can sit down quietly and relax amidst the black surroundings as the outside world is blurred through the glass brick wall.

▼石厅改造后，Stone Hall after renovation

回顾一下，上述序列在原建筑中也是最暧昧的地方，因为几个不同角度的柱网交织在这里，在原来开放的底层里尤其显得混乱。

新设计利用了一红一黑两个方盒子来整合空间，把圆作为铰接点，使无序转化为有序，不仅仅实现了内部流线的行云流水，还让康泰路上的这段城市界面变得有趣。

▼三个有几何特征的形体构成了整个空间序列的第一组团

Three geometric features form the first group of the entire space sequence

▼用了两个方盒子来整合空间，使无序转化为有序，the massing integrate the space and transform orderless into order

从实用角度来说，从黑色石厅让观众直接进入主展厅并不难，但建筑师还是希望观众能以一种更休闲的节奏在艺术中心里游走。因此，从黑色石厅通往主展厅的空间被设计成了一条长廊，沿挡土墙的一侧栽种着一排绿竹，上方架设着白色格栅，既遮挡了上层建筑比较杂乱的出挑底部，又遮盖了为了使室内空间干净而设置在室外的风道。格栅的影子投射在地面，让很多游客联想起钢琴的黑白键。行走在长长的光影之中，还给人一种到了长廊尽端会遇到更有趣空间的期待。

From a practical point of view, visitors can enter the main exhibition hall directly from the black Stone Hall, but the architect still hopes they choose to walk there at a more leisurely pace. Therefore, an alternative space leading from the black Stone Hall into the exhibition space is designed as a long corridor; a row of green bamboo is planted along a retaining wall, while white brise-soleils are erected above. The gratings not only hides the messy bottom of the cantilever, but also the air ducts omitted from the interior for exhibition purposes. The shadow of the brise-soleils are projected onto the white floor, recalling in the minds of passerbys keys on a piano. Walking along alternating lights and shadows here, it lends visitor an expectation of a more intriguing space up ahead.

▼景观长廊，Landscape corridor

而那个视线的焦点，又连接了高低错落的园区已有的一部往上层走的台阶。这样，长廊不仅仅是进入展厅前的过度空间，也成为从这条道路进入校园深处的礼仪空间。

由此，建筑师用有情动的色彩、光影、质感、尺度来打造了一个完整的前序空间：架空层成为前广场的舞台和通向后区的大门，从这里开始，穿过红色的序厅—保留原状的圆厅—黑色的石厅—白色的长廊，引向埋在深处的当代艺术中心。

From that line of sight, one is pointed to an existing staircase connected to the undulating park above. This way, the corridor offers not only a transitional space for entering the exhibition hall, but also a processional path that leads into the heart of the campus. Here, the architect orchestrated colors, light and shadow, texture, and scale in unison to complete the spatial sequence: visitors would arrive at the veranda where it serves as a stage for the entrance square as well as a way to the back area; from there, a visitor would passes through the red lobby, followed by the original cylindrical hall, the black Stone Hall, the white corridor, and terminating at the KCCA.

▼景观长廊俯瞰，Overlooking of the landscape corridor

设计：现代大方的主展厅

Design: Modern and generous main exhibition hall

KCCA 虽然使用了岛屿上几乎最大的单体建筑，但这一层的平面还是布满了许多大小不一的柱子，和高低不等的梁。除了这些结构需要梳理，更难的是如何让消防、照明、空调系统的介入不影响天花的高度和观感。

作为当代艺术展场，可以用一种放松的姿态，让建筑系统外露。但鼓浪屿还是一个讲究品质的场所，KCCA 也是一个高端的艺术平台，所以那种不讲究的暴露是不可取的。

设计巧妙地利用了上部空间的地面要抬高的机会，把消防管道隐藏在浅吊顶里，而依然可以表达有体积感的梁结构，当然，这些结构的外包尺寸是经过了艰难的统一处理。

对天花最有破坏作用的送风、排风口被放在侧墙，管道走在大空间之外，这样主展厅的室内空间便显得简洁干净。

精心调整后的结构外包体系也考虑到了未来布展的需要。开馆后的三次展览的空间分隔都各有特色，并且与基础空间体系结合得天衣无缝，这都证明了这个体系的灵活性。

Although KCCA uses almost the largest standalone building on the island, its ground floor is still arranged with many columns and beams with varied sizes. Structural considerations aside, these structures make it difficult to ensure systems of fire protection, lighting, and air conditioning does not affect the height and appearance of the ceiling. As a contemporary exhibition hall, the design can incorporate a relaxed attitude to expose the architectural system. However, Kulangsu Island is a place where quality is emphasized. Since KCCA is a high-end art platform, careless exposure is not advisable. The design thus cleverly took advantage of the required raising in the second level’s sloped floor in order to hide the fire pipes in the shallow ceiling, so as to express a sense of volume in the existing beams. Of course, the process to to unify the finishing dimensions of these structures have been an arduous journey. The air ducts and exhaust pipes, which are the most visually destructive to an exhibit’s ceiling, are placed in the side wall, where its pipes are located outside the large space. The overall effect of the main exhibition hall is that its interior remains simple and clean.

In short, the carefully adjusted structural finishing system also accounted for the needs of future exhibitions. The spatial divisions of KCCA’s first three opening exhibitions each had their own uniqueness, all seamlessly integrated with the basic space system, thus proving its flexibility.

▼主展厅，Exhibition hall

设计：不可多得的多功能厅

Design: A rare multi-function hall

二层原先是个比较标准的礼堂，有舞台和地平起坡的观众席。这样大的聚会场面在当下的鼓浪屿使用频次不高，因此初始的方案是将空间分为一个小一点的黑匣子剧场，并把原来的舞台改造成一个展厅。但中途使用方重新评估功能后，认为还是保持一个大空间为好。建筑师也借机在原方案的基础上，把地平抬到舞台的高度，这样既为下层的美术馆争取到一点净高，又使这一层百分之七十的平面基本上在一个标高上，提高了使用效率，使之成为一个真正的多功能厅，而且是岛上不可或缺的大空间资源。正是有了这样的资源升级，使 KCCA 不仅仅是整个艺术园区的亮点，更是这个鼓浪屿的重要配套设施。

The second floor was originally a standard auditorium with a stage and a sloping seating area. Since such a large gathering scene is not used frequently in Kulangsu, the initial plan was to divide the space into a smaller black-box theater and transform the original stage into an exhibition hall. The user, however, thought keeping the large space was a better idea after re-evaluating the program. Based on the original scheme, the architect took the opportunity to raise the ground level to the height of the stage. This change simultaneously resolved the lack of ceiling space in the art gallery below and raising 70% of the floor to the same height as the stage. Overall, the change increased the usage rate in creating a true multi-function hall – an indispensable spatial resource on the island. This upgrading of resources is what makes the KCCA not only a highlight to the art park but by extension an important supporting facility for Kulangsu.

▼多功能厅，Multifunction hall

多功能厅的主入口设置在后部，人流可以从下层的架空层、以及白色长廊近端的台阶迎来。主入口的外部挑檐依然重复出挑的铝格栅，并界定了一个场所。

The entrance to the multi-function hall is set near the rear, where visitors can arrive at via the veranda area, as well as the staircase to the white landscape corridor’s rear. The main entrance here also has aluminum brise-soleils overhanging above, thus defining a place.

▼多功能厅主入口，Main entrance to the multifunction hall

▼多功能厅入口外部空间，External space at the entrance of multifunction hall

原礼堂的外立面使用了水刷石，这个工艺在鼓浪屿还是传承下来了，也成了本次改造的重要技术支撑。除了更换分格更大、更现代的窗框外，多功能厅的外立面几乎完整保留了原来的立面，施工中一些改动和修补之处也延用了同配料的水刷石，旧立面洗刷后，经历几场风雨，已和修补的新立面浑然一体。过去由于是雨水散排，立面被大量污染。此次重新布局了有组织排水，解决了这个问题。同时现场用文物修复的态度来洗刷旧墙体，使最后的面貌真正实现了整旧如旧，润物无声。

In addition to replacing the openings with larger and more modern window frames, the multi-function hall almost completely retained the auditorium’s original granitic plaster facade. Some modified elevations also used the same granitic plaster. After being washed and been through a few storms, the old and new portions of the repaired facade appears as one integrated whole.

▼原礼堂外立面，facade of the multifunction hall before renovation

▼立面的新旧材料经过修补后浑然一体，

The old and new portions of the facade appears as one integrated whole

设计：街道界面

Design: Street interface

场地的外围是通向内厝澳码头的康泰路，校园标高比街道标高高半层，原来的挡土墙有一定的表情图案，只是材料种类略多了一些。新设计保持了原先的造型，并用水刷石替代的原来的石材贴面，这样外墙显得落落大方，让康泰路的气质拔高了一截。外墙上原来有个凸出的圆亭，它的空间位置很好，是曲线型街道上的一个视觉焦点，只是原先的造型是用几个不太粗的立柱界定的，现在被置换成更有实体感的格栅，让这个亭子从内外角度对这个空间都更有积极的作用。

The periphery of the site is Kangtai Road, which leads to Neicuo’ao Wharf. Compared to the street, the elevation of the campus is higher by half a floor. The original retaining wall had an expressive pattern, but made busy by too many materials. The new design maintains the original form, but used granitic plaster to replace its surface. With the modifications, the exterior wall looks elegant, raising the stature of Kangtai Road.

On the outer wall a round pavilion protrudes out. While its position provided a good visual focus for the winding street, its original form was only defined by a few flimsy columns. Today, it has been replaced with a sturdier latticework, so the pavilion has a more proactive presence from both outward and inward angles.

▼圆亭改造前后对比，Comparison before and after the renovation of the round pavilion

▼沿街立面改造前后对比，Comparison before and after the renovation of the façade along the street

▼景观圆亭，Round pavilion

原来的食堂厨房部分是个独立的建筑，其外部正好对位与康泰路上带内院的磐诺酒店。酒店内院的另一头连接着另一条通向码头之路。通过把厨房改造成对外开放的 KCCA 纪念品店，打通了酒店内院的连接。这样，这个纪念品店不仅仅是 KCCA 的第二入口，又是校园的新入口，更是形成了一个通向码头的新路径。

The kitchen of the original cafeteria is an independent building whose exterior is exactly opposite to the Pannuo Hotel on Kangtai Road, which has an inner courtyard. On the other end of the hotel’s courtyard is a path leading to the dock. By transforming the closed kitchen into an open gift shop for the KCCA, it reconnected the hotel’s inner courtyard. In this way, the shop not only serves as the second entrance to the KCCA but also offers a new entrance to the campus, and by extension a new path to the dock.

▼KCCA 纪念品店与康泰路的连接，Connection between KCCA gift shop and Kangtai Road

结语

Epilogue

作为更新改造项目，这个设计可操作的空间并不很大，但历史还是留下了一些有待放大后再串联起来的线索。这需要建筑师对这些历史存在的敏感，以及一种对历史不做主观价值判断的态度。这样，所有的历史都变成积极的设计元素，需要纳入到一个新的体系，在那里被润物细无声地迭代升级，最终实现了校园和外围界面的华丽转身。

As a renovation project, this design had little room for operation, but history still left some clues waiting to be connected and revitalized. This required the architect to have sensitivity to historical presences, as well as a critical attitude in omitting subjective judgments against history. In this way, all historical elements becomes active design components as part of a new system, where they are subtly updated by incorporating modern aesthetics – ultimately achieving the spectacular transformation of the campus and its peripheries.

▼一层平面图，First Floor Plan

▼二层平面图，Second Floor Plan

▼剖面图，Section

项目地点：福建厦门

设计时间：2020—2021

建设时间：2021

用地面积：4500㎡

建筑面积：4532㎡

建设单位：厦门鼓浪屿投资发展有限公司

建筑设计：URBANUS 都市实践

主持建筑师: 王辉，刘晓都

设计团队：李雅丽（项目总经理）| 姚晓微（项目经理）、姚咏梅（项目总监）、张超贤、胡海波、唐伟军、张富军、柴秉江、高宇峰、邓婷芳、汪蕾、李露阳、李刚、高子絮 | 邢年转、陈锴迪、王清漪（实习）

合作公司：中元（厦门）工程设计研究院有限公司（土建施工图设计）

福建省建研工程顾问有限公司 （结构加固设计）

深圳市杰地景观规划设计有限公司（景观施工图设计）

厦门市昌艺装饰工程有限公司（室内施工图设计）

北京远瞻照明设计有限公司、广州市三信红日照明有限公司 （照明设计）

摄影：TAL