second half社区可变咖啡馆丨中国西安丨耕井伫建筑工作室

2023/02/07 09:00:30

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1. 社区的咖啡馆 Community Cafes

近年来，人们乐于在越来越多的社区咖啡店里、在熟悉的环境中，与陌生或熟稔的人们，聊聊彼此的生活。这些面积不大的咖啡馆依托既有建筑、生长在烟火气下的社区背景中，为社区周边的人群其提供休闲、社交、工作等公共活动场所和相互交流的邻里友好空间。本次改造的项目位于西安曲江某社区外的沿街商业建筑中。如何创造一个轻松的活力空间，对社区功能进行补完、连接社区人群，是这个项目的关键所在。

Recently, more and more communitycafeshave popped up in cities. These small coffee shops usually serve theresidentsof thesurrounding communities, providing them with places for relaxing, working, socializing and etc.

The renovation project is located in a commercial building along the street outside a residential area in Qujiang, Xi’an.

How to providea freshlyplayfulspace to complementcommunity functions for the customers is the key to this project.

问题 – 内外与高差

Problem – Differencebetween indoor and outdoor heights

这间 30㎡的店铺平面呈内外两部分，T 字形布局。外部空间净高 4300mm；内部则是标高抬升 750mm，小区主供暖管道及阀门穿过的空间，除去管道层，实际可利用高度为 3100mm。如何建立内部空间与外部空间的联系，扩大商业空间的实际使用面积，解决高差关系，成为本次设计关注的重点。

The plan of this 30m² store has inside and outside two parts, with a T-shaped layout. The clear height of the external space is 4300mm, but the internal height is raised by 750mm. As the community main heating pipe and valve pass through the whole space, the actual available height is only 3100mm except the pipe layer. How to establish the connection between the internal and external space, expand the actual use area of commercial space, and solve the problem of height difference have become the focal point of design.

▼街景效果，street view

▼室外正立面日景，elevation of day view

3. 向外向内 – 消解“被动的层”

Outward-inward – removing the “passive storey”

内部空间封闭的状态，以及 750mm 的高差所导致的“被动的层”是内外分裂的主要原因，为了改变这种现状，我们需要建立一套系统，让内部的空间被抽拉出来，与外部的空间发生更多的联系。为此，我们进行了如下操作：

The closed state of the internal space and the “passive storey” caused by the height difference of 750mm are the main reasons for the division between the inside and outside. In order to change this situation, we need to establish a system that allows the internal space to be released to have more connection with the external space. To this end, we have carried out the following:

▼建造过程，construction process

首先，弱化边界。打掉内、外部空间之间的砌体构造，仅保留混凝土结构，打开瓶颈束缚，让内外空间的联系更直接、紧密。

First, break boundaries. The original masonry structure of the internal space was removed, leaving only the concrete structure, free from thinking of the concept of room, and making more connection between the internal and external spaces.

▼吧台，bar counter

其次，建立联系。咖啡操作区位置由主入口与内部空间的尺度、位置关系决定，设于东侧，使西侧的咖啡区和内部的空间连通成整体。再以一个衔接内外高差的台阶来建立内外尺度关联以及视线联系。台阶穿过洞口，延伸进入内部空间。复合机能的台阶不仅用于交通，顾客可以放松地散坐于台阶上喝咖啡聊天。结合台阶的延伸，继而将内部空间抬高 500mm，优化空间尺度的同时，使地台成为可以打开的收纳空间。

Second, make connections. The position of the coffee counter is determined by the relationship between the main entrance and the relative position of the internal space. It is placed on the east side, so that the seating area on the west side and the internal space are joined as one. After that, we establish the scale correlation and line of sight connection inside and outside through a continuous steps with different heights. The steps are not only for going upstairs, but also for customers to sit on them and coze with coffee. The extension of the steps gives the internal space a chance to be further raised by 500mm, becoming a storage space that can be opened on the internal ground.

▼从吧台看向台阶，view from the bar to the steps

再次，进一步限定空间。在入口空间以及操作区上方置入了一个由四根 80mmx80mm 方钢撑起的全新构筑体，其在剖面上区分了入口操作区和西侧的咖啡区。构筑体上部的空间因为净高的问题不能被公共使用，所以作为储物空间。

Third, further delimited the space. A brand-new structure supported by four 80mmx80mm square steel is placed in the entrance space and the upper part of the operation area, which distinguishes the operation area and the seating area on the west side in the section. The space on the upper part of this structure cannot be used as a hospitality area because of the clear height, so it is a storage space now.

▼入口与室外环境，entrance and outdoor environment

最后，创造空间中的物体。我们在内部空间里设计了一个游离于原有台阶的独立楼梯，创造内部空间的精神性，其本身即是空间中的展品。

Finally, create objects in space. We designed an independent staircase that is separated from the original steps to create the spirituality of the internal space, which itself is an exhibit.

▼从入口看向台阶，view from the entrance to the steps

限于城市管理的要求，原有的外立面及广告牌都不能被改造，所以原本设想中将外立面充分打开，建立室内外空间开阖流动的方案也遗憾的被取消了。但我们仍然设计了室外的城市家具，希望让喝咖啡的行为由内及外、从室内蔓延到街道，从而实现建筑空间与街道的关联。

Due to the urban management regulations, the original facade and billboards can not be remodeled, so the original plan to open the facade was unfortunately cancelled. But we still designed outdoor furniture, hoping customers can enjoy the coffee with breezes and sunshine.

▼入口与台阶，entrance and steps

4. 控制 – 装配式建造 Control – prefabricatedconstruction

在建造方面，设计运用了装配式的思路去节省施工时间和控制设计完成度。墙面由一块块工厂预制好的 20mm 厚的镀锌铁皮板装配而成。镀锌铁皮板材料本身具有一定的反射效果，同时又可以吸附吸铁石，为后续展览展示和空间运营预留了诸多可能。地面由龙骨搭建而成，表面再由预制好的花纹板拼装而成。

▼可变的空间应对多样的行为需求

variable space to cope with diverse behavioral needs

In terms of construction, the design uses the idea of assembly to save construction time and control the completion of the design.

The wall is assembled by pieces of 20mm thick galvanized iron sheet prefabricated in the factory. The galvanized iron sheet material itself has a certain reflection effect, and it can absorb magnet at the same time, which reserves many possibilities for subsequent exhibitions and space operations.

The ground is constructed by keels, and the surface is assembled by prefabricated pattern plates.

▼翻折起的桌面板，opened desktop board

▼供暖管道与内部空间，heating pipe and internal space

▼镀锌铁皮墙板细节，galvanized iron sheet wall panel details

5. 可变性 – 多样的行为需求

Variability–diverse behavioral needs

为了满足不同人群的空间使用，基于人的行为方式，内向空间的墙面采用了翻折可变的组合形式。将桌板全部打开时，顾客可以面朝墙壁并排而坐，使用笔记本电脑工作；当桌板部分打开，顾客可以三两围坐进行聊天；当桌板全部放下，空间则完全自由，以应对不同人数和需求的活动情状。

In order to meet the use needs of different types of customers, the wall of the introverted space adopts a foldable and variable way. When the table boards are fully opened, customers can sit side by side facing the wall and use laptops to work; when the table boards are partially opened, customers can sit in twos and communicate with others; When all the tables are put down, the space is completely free to meet the needs of more people.

▼内部空间与不同行为状态，different status of internal space

▼三两围坐，桌板部分翻折的内向空间状态，Sitting in a circle in three or two, the table is partially folded inside the space

▼休闲空间，leisure space

▼独立楼梯细部 – 空间中的物体

independent stairs – objects in space

6. 小结

Summary

虽是一家面积很小的咖啡馆，它却可以成为社区功能的重要组成部分，也是展开社区人群生活的重要场所。本次设计试图在极为有限的条件中，创造一个具有适应性、可变性的场所和丰富的人性化空间，让社区人群能够轻松的参与到空间的互动当中，在未来凝聚更多社区的力量，服务社区，有机生长。

Although it is a small coffee shop, it is an important part of community functions and an important place for community activities. This design attempts to create an adaptable and flexible place under limited conditions, so that the community can participate in the interaction of the space, so as to make the space humanized, gather more community strength in the future, and serve community, grow organically.

▼室外正立面夜景，elevation of night view