勒·柯布西耶的萨伏伊别墅 | 新建筑五点原则的完美实践

 SAVOYE

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Le Corbusier

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris 

The villa that Le Corbusier built in Poissy for the insurer Pierre Savoye and his wife Eugenie , on a plateau overlooking the valley of the Seine , marks both the endpoint and the culmination of the cycle of houses in which he had distilled the ideals of Purism .

萨伏伊别墅（Villa Savoy）坐落在可以俯瞰整个塞纳河流域的高原上，是勒·柯布西耶（Le Corbusier）在泊伊（Poissy）为承保人皮埃尔·萨沃伊（Pierre Savoye）和他的妻子尤吉妮（Eugenie）建造的别墅。

这座建筑的出现标志着柯布西耶一系列住宅设计的终点，也成为他所提炼出的纯粹主义理念的顶峰。

In the summer of 1928 , his privileged interlocutor Madame Savoye sent him the program for her " country house " , in which she alluded to villa Church (since demolished ) . 

In response , Le Corbusier imagined a summer house in that " bucolic landscape " for clients " utterly without preconceived notions-neither modern nor classical ones...that would sit on the grass like an obiect , without bother to anything " .

1928年夏天，这座房子的主理人萨沃伊夫人（Madame Savoye）将“乡村住宅”这一理念，以及教堂别墅的概念发送给柯布西耶。

作为回应，柯布西耶设想出一个具有“田园风光”格调的避暑别墅的概念场景，在他看来，“这个想法完全没有先入为主的观念，无论是现代的还是古典的……这座房子就是放置在草地上的一个物体，对环境没有任何影响”。

But the initial version was far too expensive for a weekend residence , and several variants were subsequently developed , with various protruding rectangular volumes-only the idea of carrying the main level on pilotis remained a constant.

但对于一个只在周末提供居住的建筑来说，最初的设计有点过于奢侈了。

为此，柯布西耶又创造出多个设计方案，通过多种方式展现房屋的矩形形态，而在此之中，保持主水平面的这个想法却是他一直坚持的。

The notion of the " architecture promenade " was mobilized in two steps in this " box raised above raised the ground " placed " in the middle of the pastures " . From the street , the automobile passes by the gardener's house to the right and crosses the lawn , to slip in to a garage sheltered by pilotis . 

这个建筑被柯布西耶看作是“高于地面的盒子”，“建筑漫步”这个概念便是在建造过程中分两步提出的。

“盒子”被被放置在“牧场的中间”，所以每当主人开家车回家时，途中会经过园丁居住的屋子以及一大片草坪，最后溜进一个由底层架空柱所支撑保护的车库当中。

Continuing up on foot , a ramp unfolds in three segments from the ground floor to the terrace , crossing the level that contains all the living spaces.The intention for the ramp was to " connect " -unlike a staircase that " separates " .

步行至建筑深处，我们可以看到一段流畅的坡道。从一层到露台，坡道总共被设计为三段，每段终点都连接一个居住平面，这也是坡道存在的目的——“连接”，避免像楼梯那样“分隔空间”。

滑我滑我 

左右左右的那种

The dwelling is arranged in an L-shape around an elevated garden that brings light to the large living room through a sliding glass wall . 

It is notable for the arrangement of the main bedroom and its extensions-the boudoir requested by Eugenie Savoye in 1928 and the bathroom lit from above , as in a hammam . 

住宅以L形态放置在高架花园周围，后者通过一面滑动玻璃幕墙将光线引入客厅。

值得注意的是，主卧室及其延伸部分的设计弥补了过去的遗憾，1928年女主人尤金妮·萨沃伊曾希望，屋内所有的采光都是从上至下分布，就像一个大浴室一样。

Occupied first by the Germans and subsequently by the Americans during the Second World War ,it would be used for agricultural storage when Savoye transformed the garden into an orchard . 

After being expropriated by the municipality in 1959 , it was threatened with demolition.

在第二次世界大战期间，这座建筑曾先后被德国人和美国人占领，当萨沃伊花园被改造成果园时，人们便将它用作农业储藏。

1959年萨伏依别墅被市政府征用后，受到拆迁威胁。

At the time , Le Corbusier pressed the ministry of cultural affairs , under Andre Malraux , to classify it as an historic monument and to transform it into a museum devoted to his work . 

当时，柯布西耶希望安德烈·马尔罗领导的文化部可以将萨伏依别墅归类为历史纪念碑，并将其改造成一座纪念文化部工作经历的博物馆。

SAVOYE

这枚“漂浮在空中的匣子”，是建筑形式研究的杰出成果，也是“新建筑五点”原则的完美实践。

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