为女性设计的城市丨CallisonRTKL

“THOUGHT LEADERSHIP | CRTKL洞见”

 分享CallisonRTKL作为行业引领者，

对于城市、建筑、产业、生活方式等不同维度

进行的深度思考、趋势探索和前瞻性研究。

为妇女和未成年少女规划更安全和包容的城市，也能同时改善其他弱势群体的生活空间。

Planning for safe and inclusive urban spaces for women and teenage girls also improves the quality of space that other vulnerable groups need.

城市建设并不能完全满足所有人的需求。在现实中，城市空间和交通系统在许多方面，都是以身体健全的年轻男性为主要使用对象而设计的。

Our cities are not built for everyone. In fact, many aspects of urban spaces and transport systems are designed around the experience of a young, able-bodied man. 

城市修正主义的一项思考：

Revisionist concepts for cities consider：

如果城市空间专门为弱势群体而设计，如妇女、儿童、同性恋和精神疾病患者等，且同时消除城市中的各种种族隔离、能力歧视、年龄歧视以及移民殖民主义等印记，那么城市空间将会是什么样子。

What our urban spaces would look like if they were designed for vulnerable populations, including women, children, queer, and neurodivergent populations, as well as if our cities were not racially segregated, ableist, ageist, nor imprints of settler colonialism.

过去许多城市和建筑环境都是由少数人来设计并为特定的人群服务，因此，这些地方不可避免地会存在不平等的现象。而近年来，全球的城市建设都在越来越多地努力将空间归还给大众（特别是以第三空间的形式——为人们提供工作场所和家庭以外的空间）。设计师和运营者们已经在积极地超越传统的规划模式，扩大设计覆盖的人群和范围。  

In the past, many cities and architectural environments were designed by a small number of people and served a sliver of the population. Therefore, inequality inevitably existed in these places. In recent years, urban construction around the world is increasingly striving to give space back to the public (especially in the form of a third space - which offer people a place to go outside of work and the home). Designers and operators have been actively moving beyond traditional modes of planning to broaden our reach.

在城市规划过程及决策机构中，缺乏从女性角度出发的思维会导致城市空间难以为女性服务，甚至产生一系列阻碍女性发展的社会、经济和政治问题。

A lack of women in urban planning and policymaking institutions generates urban spaces that create social, economic, and political barriers for women. 

例如，安全性是女性在城市游览和生活中最为关注的问题。联合国发布的报告显示，全球90%的女性身处在城市公共空间中会产生不安全感；英国最近的一项研究显示，如今在英国，有的女孩年仅14岁便已学会采取各种应对措施来避免自己在公共场合受到骚扰。在城市设计实践中，有很多解决方案可以增加女性的安全感，包括布局开放式聚集空间、保证良好的可见性、设置清晰的指示牌以及保证道路和街区照明良好等等。 

A primary concern for women visiting and living in cities is safety. The UN reports that nine in ten women globally feel unsafe in urban public spaces, and a recent study in the UK shows that girls as young as 14 have adopted coping mechanisms to avoid being harassed in public. There are urban design solutions that can increase the feeling of safety for women, including open gathering spaces, increased visibility, improved signage, and well-lit areas and pathways.

在现代化程度较高的国家，女性往往是消费支出的关键决策人，她们掌控着70-80%的家庭支出。

Women in more modernized nations are also the key decision-makers when it comes to consumer spending with control over 70-80% of all household expenditures. 

因此，商业建筑和购物区的设计需要考虑增加对女性友好的特征，以提高商业物业和整体购物街区的经济活力。例如柔和的照明、有吸引力的店铺或设施、较高的清洁度、“适合高跟鞋与婴儿车”的地板材料，更少安全隐患的景观设施，以及前往停车场和公共交通设施的安全通道等。

Women in more modernized nations are also the key decision-makers when it comes to consumer spending with control over 70-80% of all household expenditures. This translates to a need for female-friendly characteristics to increase economic viability of shopping malls and districts. For example, consider soft lighting, attractive shops and amenities, higher cleanliness, flooring materials that are “heel-and stroller friendly”, landscape facilities with fewer safety hazards, and safe pathways to parking and public transport, etc.

Ayala - Greenbelt 5，马尼拉，菲律宾

Ayala - Greenbelt 5, Manila, Philippines

此外，由于女性大部分是儿童和其他家庭成员的主要照护者，提供对女性友好的户外空间和出行网络将有助于女性更好地参与公共生活。

Additionally, as women are more likely to be primary caregivers for children and other family members, the provision of female-friendly outdoor spaces and mobility networks will better enable women to participate in civic life. 

例如，频繁使用的功能空间安排紧凑以缩短步行距离、拓宽人行道、增加坡道、保障平坦路面等措施都可以为推购物车、婴儿车和长者轮椅的女性提供便利。近一半的女性在天黑后搭乘公共交通工具会感到不安全，因此，拥有良好照明、配备监控系统且视觉导视系统清晰的公共交通工具将有助于女性群体能毫无畏惧地在城市中穿梭。对于需要兼顾工作和家庭的女性而言，设计更多贴心的服务设施，让女性在工作岗位和照顾家人之间角色的转换更加便利和自如，会大大增加环境的好感度以及客户粘性。例如在会议中心提供儿童托管服务，在商场里增加哺乳间以及在女性洗手间里设置互不干扰的镜台等等。

Additionally, as women are more likely to be primary caregivers for children and other family members, the provision of female-friendly outdoor spaces and mobility networks will better enable women to participate in civic life. Frequently used programs and amenities are arranged compactly to shorten walking distance. Sidewalks can be widened, ramps added, and smooth pavement incorporated for women pushing strollers and wheelchairs. Because nearly half of women feel unsafe using public transportation after dark, well-lit and surveilled public transportation with clear lines of visibility will help those who are more vulnerable to travel the city without fear. For women who need to balance work and family, designing more thoughtful service facilities will make it easier and more comfortable for women to switch roles between work and caring for their families, which will greatly increase the attractiveness of the environment and customer stickiness. For example, providing childcare services in conference centers, adding nursing rooms in shopping malls and non-interfering mirror tables in women's bathrooms, etc.

Multicare Mary Bridge儿童健康中心，奥林匹亚，华盛顿州，美国

Multicare Mary Bridge Children's Health Center, Olympia, Washington, United States

上海宝杨宝龙广场，上海市，中国

Baolong Baoyang Road, Shanghai, China

海口国际免税城，海口市，中国

Haikou International Duty Free City, Haikou, China

在建筑环境设计中，未成年少女的需求也往往被忽视。篮球场、溜冰场及其他运动和娱乐空间往往被男性占据。未成年少女在单独进入这些空间时可能会产生畏惧感和不安全感。

Teenage girls, too, are generally overlooked in the design of our built environment. Basketball courts, skate parks, and other spaces for sports and recreation are typically dominated by teenage boys and men. Entering those spaces on her own can be intimidating and unsafe.

在城市设计和建筑设计方面，我们有很多可以发挥的空间，让女性和未成年少女在公共场所中感到放松并消除危险感。我们可以从认真了解和满足未成年少女的兴趣和需求开始。女孩们想要拥有可以聚会的休闲空间和桌椅，想要开展艺术创作和玩游戏；她们想要积极参加体育运动、荡秋千和攀爬，且不必担心被人注视、被投以嘘声或被尾随；她们想要一起在户外听听音乐并制作在线内容。内容创作空间可以让青少年重塑其数字影响力，并将这个过程视为一种艺术层面的努力。虽然青少年现在会将大量时间用在上网，但我们可以通过多种方式打造引人入胜的户外上网环境。

In urban and architectural design, there is so much design can do to enable women and teenage girls feeling relaxed and eliminate the sense of danger in public places. We can start by taking teenage girls, including their interests and needs, seriously. Girls want lounge spaces and tables where they can be together, they want to be able to make art and play games. They want to be active in sports, to swing and climb, without having to worry about being watched, catcalled, or followed. They want to listen to music together outside and make content online. Spaces for content creation can let teenagers reimagine their digital presence and treat the process as their own artistic endeavor. Although teenagers will continue to spend a significant amount of their time online, we can design better outdoor spaces and engaging environments for them to do so outside.

Mockingbird Station，达拉斯，德克萨斯州，美国

Mockingbird Station, Dallas, Texas, United States

更重要的是，我们需要秉持包容的态度，让女性（以及其他潜在的用户群体）参与到公共空间的设计以及运营管理过程中。专为女性设计的空间可以通过营造安全的多性别、多世代环境，让其他人群也能乐在其中。以安全感和温馨感为出发点，以细致入微的细节为特点进行城市空间塑造，不仅可以体现对女性和其他弱势群体的关怀，对其他的城市空间使用者而言，也更加舒适和便利。

More importantly, we need to be inclusive of women (among other potential user groups) when we design our public spaces by engaging them in a participatory process. Places that are designed for women have the opportunity to invite other populations by creating safe, multigender, and multigenerational environments. Spaces designed with a sense of security and warmth, and characterized by meticulous details, not only deliver the care for women and other vulnerable groups, but also be more comfortable and convenient for other urban space users.

我们相信，通过关注女性群体对城市空间的需求，我们将可以更好地建设一个所有人共享的文明社会。

We believe that, by caring for the needs of women, we can elevate our society for all.

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