北京半地下室 65 平米住宅改造 | 折叠空间与自然光的巧妙融合

2020/05/08 17:17:13

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半地下室 | Semi-basement

北京西城区的住宅除了比较典型的胡同四合院以外，还有一些是建于上世纪80年代的单元楼住宅。

这些楼的年代虽然没有胡同住宅那么久远，但是对于今天人们的生活来说，还是存在着许多不便之处，需要进行改造，提升空间的品质。

In additionto the typical hutong courtyard, some of the houses in Xicheng District ofBeijing are apartment buildings built in the 1980s. Although these buildingsare not as old as hutong houses, there are still many inconveniences forpeople's life today, which need to be renovated to improve the quality of thespace.

▼居民楼外立面 Facade of residential building

▼折叠空间（gif）Folding space

此次的改造项目是一户位于北京德胜门附近的住宅，这套房子最大的“特色”莫过于它是一间半地下室了。

房子共65平米，拥有2间卧室，户型整体呈南北通透型，但是由于整幢单元楼地形特殊，造成了业主的房子成了一个半地下室。

房间的南侧是正常的首层住宅，可以正常的采光，而房间的北侧有一半是在地面以下，所以就仅靠2个极小的高窗采光，导致室内光线昏暗而且潮湿。

Therenovation project is a house near Deshengmen in Beijing. The biggest"feature" of this house is that it is a semi-basement. The house hasa total of 65 square meters and has 2 bedrooms, and the apartment is permeablefrom north to south as a whole, but due to the special topography of the wholeunit building, the owner's house has become a semi-basement, and the south sideof the room is a normal first floor house, which can be lighted normally, whilethe north side of the room is half below the ground, so only two very smallhigh windows are used for daylighting, which makes the indoor light dim andhumid.

▼原始户型及现状 The original plan layout and site photo

这个65平米的半

地下房子内容纳了业主一家五口的生活起居，居住者包括夫妻二人、两个孩子还有年迈的姥姥。

由于仅有南侧采光正常，所以一家人的活动基本上都集中在南侧的主卧，原本就仅有65平米的房间，北侧的空间几乎无人使用，缩小了室内的使用空间。

房屋格局造成的潮湿、阴暗、空气质量差也不利于老人与孩子们的身心健康，太多的困扰急需解决。

怎样让阳光重新照入室内，让房间的北侧空间得以利用，是此次改造的一大难点。

This 65-square-meter semi-underground house accommodates the life of the owner'sfamily of five. Residents include couples, two children, and elderly grandma.Since only the south side has normal lighting, the activities of the family arebasically concentrated in the master bedroom on the south side. Originally,there was only a room of 65 square meters, and the space on the north side wasalmost unused, reducing the interior use space. Moreover, the dampness,darkness, and poor air quality caused by the housing pattern are not conduciveto the physical and mental health of the elderly and children. Too manyproblems need to be solved urgently. How to let the sunlight shine back intothe room and make use of the space on the north side of the room is a majordifficulty in this transformation.

引入光线 | Natural lighting

我们把此次改造的功能目标定为了四室三厅的宜居之家，一次性解决通风、采光、潮湿三大问题，并且打造多种功能的空间，满足一家五口学习、工作、娱乐等多种生活状态的需求。

We set therenovation goal of this renovation as a livable home with four rooms and threehalls, solve the three major problems of ventilation, lighting and humidity atone time, and create a multi-functional space to meet the needs of a family offive people to study, work and play Multiple living conditions.

▼半地下室外立面 Semi-basement facade

首先要解决的是房屋物理上的问题——采光。将南侧主卧外侧的窗户面积扩大，增加采光面，并且把之前的阳台空间也加以利用，增加使用面积。由于业主家位于一层，南侧还有一个小院子，我们将这个院子也做了整理，让业主从室内就可以欣赏到院子里的风景，也可以给老人孩子提供一个活动的空间。房屋北侧的窗户也在合理范围内进行了扩大。外侧窗户采光面全部增加。

The firstthing to be solved is the physical problem of the house-daylighting. The areaof the window outside the south master bedroom is expanded to increase thelighting surface, and the previous balcony space is also been used. Since theowner ’s house is located on the first floor and there is a small yard on thesouth side, we have also organized this yard so that the owner can enjoy theview of the yard from the inside, and also provide an activity space for theelderly and children. The windows on the north side of the house have also beenexpanded within a reasonable range. The daylighting surfaces of the outsidewindows are all increased.

▼室内光线穿透细节 Indoor light penetration details

为了增加室内的光线，我们在室内设计了一条可以让光线直接穿过的走廊，让南北两侧进来的光线可以毫无阻隔的在室内蔓延。

为了保证光线不被阻隔，在空间的分隔处，采用了玻璃移门与推拉门，保证了这条光之走廊可以完全通透。

In order toincrease the indoor light, we designed a corridor in the interior that allowslight to pass directly, so that the light from the north and south can spreadindoors without obstruction. In order to ensure that the light is not blocked,glass sliding doors and sliding doors are used at the partitions of the spaceto make this corridor of light completely transparent.

折叠空间 | Folding space

65平米的空间内若果要容纳一家五口生活，要做到四室三厅，如果仅从平面布局考虑，是难以实现的，毕竟巧妇难为无米之炊，没有面积，功能也无处安放。所以我们引入了“折叠空间”，让空间的功能可以改变，以此增加空间的利用率，也创造出更丰富的空间体验感。

If you wantto accommodate a family of five in a space of 65 square meters, if you want toachieve four rooms and three living rooms, if you only consider the planelayout, it is difficult to achieve. After all, a skillful wife cannot make mealswithout rice, there is no area, and there is no place to put the function. Sowe introduced the " Folding space ", so that the function of thespace can be changed, so as to increase the utilization rate of the space, butalso create more space experience.

▼功能分析图 Function diagram

▼主卧折叠空间分析图（gif） Master bedroom folding space diagram

▼主卧 Master Bedroom

▼折叠床（gif） Folding bed

原来的主卧由于在房间的最南侧，采光较好，所以全家人的活动主要区域都集中在主卧。

此次改造我们仍然保留主卧原有的位置，鉴于这里是全家采光最好的位置，将客厅的位置设置在这里，进行了功能的复合叠加。

白天时，主卧的折叠床可以收起，整个空间就成了全家活动交流的空间。

老人可以坐在沙发上休息，或者在院子里修剪花草，孩子们可以在这里玩耍、沐浴阳光，也可以弹琴、学习。

夜晚，休息时，折叠床被放下，外侧的玻璃移门关闭，这里就成了一间独立且私密的卧室。

Theoriginal master bedroom is located on the southernmost side of the room withbetter lighting, so the main areas of the family's activities are concentratedin the master bedroom. In this transformation, we still maintain the originalposition of the master bedroom. Since this is the best place for the wholefamily to daylight, we also set the location of the living room here andperformed a compound superposition of functions. During the day, the foldingbed in the master bedroom can be folded away, and the entire space becomes aspace for family activities. The elderly can sit on the sofa or prunes flowersand plants in the yard. Children can play, bathe in the sun, play the piano andlearn. At night, when resting, the folding bed is put down and the glasssliding door on the outside is closed. This becomes an independent and privatebedroom.

▼餐厅折叠空间分析图（gif） Dining room folding space diagram

▼餐厅与客厅 Dining room & living room

原来的家里没有足够的空间容纳餐厅，一家人吃饭只是在过道上放一张桌子。

改造时，我们在厨房的旁边设置了餐厅与客厅合二为一的一个复合空间，餐桌可以折叠收纳，也可以展开调节为不同大小的桌面。

餐桌最大的状态可以容纳10人进餐，不仅可以满足一家人日常餐饮，还也可以邀请朋友来聚餐。

当餐桌完全折叠起来时，沙发也可以展开成为一张沙发床，作为临时的卧室供客人使用。

Theprevious house did not have enough space to accommodate the dining room, andthe family just put a table in the aisle for dinner. During the renovation, weset up a multifunctional space where the dining room and living room arecombined beside the kitchen. The dining table can be folded and stored, and canalso be expanded to adjust to different sizes of desktops. The largest tablecan accommodate 10 people to eat, not only to meet the family's daily meals,but also invite friends to dinner. When the dining table is fully folded, thesofa can also be expanded into a sofa bed, which serves as a temporary bedroomfor guests.

▼厨房与餐厅之间的孔洞 The hole between the kitchen and the dining room

▼开放式厨房 Open kitchen

改造前的厨房紧临南侧的主卧，但是由于四周都有墙面阻隔，如果不开灯的话就是伸手不见五指的状态。

改造后厨房采用了开放式的布局，宽敞明亮，并且将厨房中原来的壁橱打掉，形成了一个连接厨房与餐厅的洞口，可以将南侧的阳光引入厨房。

在功能上也方便了传菜，也给厨房与餐厅之间制造一种有趣的互动氛围。

家长在做饭时还可以随时观察孩子，避免危险的发生。

The kitchenbefore the renovation is next to the master bedroom on the south side, butbecause there are walls around it, if you don't turn on the light, you can'treach your fingers. The kitchen has an open layout, spacious and bright. In therenovation, we removed the original closet in the kitchen, forming a holeconnecting the kitchen and the dining room, which can introduce the sunlightfrom the south into the kitchen. In terms of function, it also facilitates thedelivery of dishes and creates an interesting interactive atmosphere betweenthe kitchen and the restaurant. Parents can also observe their children at anytime while cooking to avoid danger.

▼干湿分离卫生间 Wet and dry separation toilet

原始的卫生间面积只有不足两平米，家里五口人共同使用，体验感极差。

改造时，将原有的卫生间整体向西挪动一米，扩大了卫生间的面积，增加了一个卫生间，让五口人可以舒适的使用卫生间，并且做了干湿分离，让使用者不会互相干扰。

Theoriginal bathroom area is less than two square meters, and the five people inthe family use it together. The experience is extremely poor. During therenovation, the original toilet was moved one meter to the west to expand thearea of the toilet and an additional toilet was added to allow five people touse the toilet comfortably, and the wet and dry separation was done so thatusers would not interfere with each other.

▼女孩房 Girl bedroom

▼榻榻米折叠空间分析图（gif）Tatami folding space diagram

▼榻榻米多功能会客厅 Tatami multifunctional meeting room

由于北侧是半地下室的原因，原来的北侧卧室几乎没有采光，长年潮湿的墙壁已经遍布霉斑，物品凌乱摆放，成为了家中的“杂物间”。改造中把这里设计成了一个榻榻米房间，将桌面抬起，可以作为一个小客厅使用，一家人或者朋友一起在这里喝茶聊天，是一个不错的休闲空间。空间的外侧采用透明移门隔断，保证私密性的同时也不影响门厅的采光。将桌面放下，又可以转换为活动空间，供两个孩子玩耍。晚上关上门，即可以变身成为一间卧室，这间卧室考虑到了业主的儿子长大后需要分房，之后便作为儿子的卧室使用。

Because thenorth side is a semi-basement, the original north bedroom has almost nolighting. The wet walls all over the year have been covered with mildew spots,and the items are placed in a mess. It has become a "debris room" inthe home. During the renovation, the room was designed as a tatami room, andthe table was raised. It can be used as a small living room. Family or friendscan drink tea and chat together here. The outside of the space is partitionedwith transparent sliding doors to ensure privacy while not affecting thelighting of the entrance hall. Putting down the tabletop can turn it into anactivity space for two children to play. After closing the door at night, youcan transform into a bedroom. This bedroom considers that the owner's son needsto be divided into rooms when he grows up, and then he can be used as hisbedroom.

▼玄关 Entrance

入户玄关是家给归来的家人的一个巨大的拥抱，在这个项目中，玄关非常小，而且直接面向一条长长的走廊。

改造中将玄关对面这面墙一分为二，上方做照片墙，下方做储物柜，靠近入口一侧为鞋柜，方便回家后直接换鞋。

整体采用黑白与木色，给人以温暖柔和的感觉。

一部分墙体贴了黑板贴纸，让孩子随时可以在墙上写写画画，保留天性。

Theentrance hall is a huge hug for the returning family. In this project, theentrance is very small and directly faces a long corridor. In thetransformation, the wall opposite the entrance is divided into two, a photowall on the top, a locker on the bottom, and a shoe cabinet on the side nearthe entrance. The overall use of black and white and wood color gives a warmand soft feeling. Part of the wall is covered with blackboard stickers, so thatchildren can write and write on the wall at any time, retaining their nature.

▼项目图纸 Project drawings