狛江澡堂丨日本东京丨Schemata Architects

该项目是 Schemata 建筑事务所设计的第二个公共澡堂。起初，关东地区的家庭没有浴室，尤其是在二战后，为了改善公共卫生，銭湯（公共澡堂）迅速兴起。当时，富士山作为希望的象征，被画在许多关东地区的澡堂的墙上。去澡堂的日常生活将人们联系在一起，澡堂成为本地社区的交流场所。

This project is the second public bathhouse Schemata Architects has designed.Originally, sento (public bathhouses) quickly sprang up in the Kanto region when there were no baths in homes, especially after World War II, to improve public sanitation. At that time, Mt. Fuji was painted on the walls of many sento in the Kanto region as a symbol of hope. And the daily routine of going to the bathhouse connected people, and the bathhouse functioned as a place for the local community.

▼澡堂入口，entrance of the bathhouse

半个多世纪后，公共澡堂已经过时，每家每户都有浴室。在西方文化的影响下，早上洗澡已经成为一种普遍的做法。当然，有些顾客仍将去澡堂作为日常生活的一部分，即便他们家中有浴室，但这不足以将澡堂的业务延续到下一代。最近，澡堂几乎眨眼间就从城市中消失了。

More than half a century later, public bathhouses have become obsolete as every household has its bath, and showering in the morning has become a common practice under the influence of Western culture. Of course, some customers come to the bathhouse as part of their daily routine even though they have a bath at home, but this is not enough to carry on the bathhouse business to the next generation, and recently, bathhouses have been disappearing from the city in the blink of an eye.

▼澡堂标牌，bathhouse logo

▼澡堂入口室内，entrance interior

狛江湯就是这样一个例子，但它的所有者西川先生想要保留这个澡堂，并决定作为继承人亲自管理它。与此同时，他看到了我们设计的第一家公共澡堂——黄金湯，便向我们委托。在黄金湯，我们希望能提供些额外的享受，因此除了洗浴设施外，还提供了一个桑拿浴室和一个可以喝啤酒的“番台”（接待柜台）。这个项目使用了相同的理念。由于这个地方离我住的地方只需 30 分钟的步行或 15 分钟的电车，所以我把它当做是我会去的澡堂和社区，接受了这个设计委托。

Komae-yu was one such example, but the owner, Mr. Nishikawa, wanted to preserve the bathhouse and decided to manage it himself as the successor. Meanwhile, he saw the Kogane-yu, the first public bathhouse we had undertaken, and approached us. At Kogane-yu, in the hope of offering a little extra refreshment, we provided a sauna and a “bandai” (reception counter) where you can drink beer, in addition to bath facilities. The same concept was used for this project. Since the location is only a 30-minute walk or a 15-minute train ride from where I live, I took on the design as if it were my go-to bathhouse and community.

▼接待处兼作酒吧吧台，reception counter serve as pub bar as well

▼从入口望向洗衣房，view towards laundry room from entrnance

▼更衣室，changing room

▼浴室入口，entrance to the bathhouse

最初，和黄金湯一样，狛江湯是居住性公共澡堂，为一座钢筋混凝土建筑的一部分，上层是住宅。不过，由于场地位于狛江乡下，附近有许多空地，我们决定充分利用现有的空间，建造一个公共澡堂。随着时间的推移，这里的暗渠已经变成了绿色空间，我们想象着空置的空间如何与这些暗渠交织在一起，决定建造一个将这些绿色植物与舒适的桑拿房和酒吧结合在一起的公共澡堂。我们在多治见定制了原创绿色瓷砖，以创造接近绿植的亲和力。

Initially, like Kogane-yu, Komae-yu was a building-type public bathhouse, part of a reinforced concrete building with living space on the upper floors. However, because the site is in the suburbs of Komae, there are many vacant lots nearby, and we decided to create a public bathhouse that would take advantage of the available space. We imagined how the vacant space would intertwine with culverts that have turned into green spaces over time and decided that we could create a public bathhouse that would incorporate such greenery, along with cozy saunas and a bar. We custom-made original green tiles in Tajimi to create an affinity with the greenery.

▼澡堂概览，bathhouse overview

▼澡堂与使用者，bathhouse with guests

▼桑拿房，sauna room

回想起在京都和其他城市的旧公共澡堂里，漫不经心地盯着瓷砖拼贴，逐渐感受到违和感，以及当我认出不同瓷砖的图案时的“啊哈”时刻，那是我最喜欢的体验，我决定做一些类似的事情。我们制作了 47x47mm、97x97mm 和 47x97mm 的方形定制瓷砖，并尽可能巧妙地将它们交替排列。

Recalling my favorite experiences of vaguely gazing at the patchwork of tiles in old public bathhouses in Kyoto and other cities and gradually feeling a sense of incongruity and the “aha” moment when I recognized the patterns of the different tiles, I wanted to do something similar. We made the custom tiles in 47x47mm, 97x97mm, and 47x97mm square sizes and arranged them in ways they alternate as subtly as possible.

▼浴室采用拼贴瓷砖，patched tiles used in bath room

▼热水池，hot water pool

▼拼贴字细节，detail of patched tiles character

▼喷流池，jet flow pool

▼浴室一角，a corner of the bathhouse

▼浴室细部，detail of the bathhouse

▼价码牌，price board

在过去，这栋楼的前面有一个由业主老太太经营的酒吧，后部则是公共澡堂。新澡堂将浴室和用餐区在内部连接在一起，墙上贴着富士山的瓷砖画，环绕着酒吧和番台。浴室旁边的空地已经变成了人们聚集的场所，在沐浴后一边小酌一杯，一边欣赏富士山。在开业不到一个月的时间里，狛江湯逐渐变成一个社区枢纽，重新扮演了过去公共澡堂的角色，成为当地社区不可或缺的一部分。

In the past, the building had a pub run by the owner’s aunt in the front and a public bathhouse in the back. The new bathhouse connects the bath and eating areas inside with a tiled Mt. Fuji on the wall and a bar and bandai surrounding it. The vacant lot adjacent to the bathhouse has turned into a gathering place where people can enjoy a drink after a bath while looking at Mt. Fuji. In less than a month since its opening, Komae-yu is gradually becoming a community hub, reclaiming the role of a public bathhouse as an integral part of the local community.

▼酒吧外观，street pub of the bathhouse

▼狛江湯逐渐变成一个社区枢纽，Komae-yu is gradually becoming a community hub

▼富士山拼贴画，a tiled Mt. Fuji on the wall

▼总平面图，site plan

▼平面图，plan

▼剖面图，sections

Title: Komaeyu

Architect: Jo Nagasaka / Schemata Architects

Project team: Shota Miyashita　Takuya Enta

Graphic design: village®︎

Structural Consulting: ladderup architects

Construction:TANK (architecture)

Sankyo Corporation (water works)

Toyama tile Limited Liability Company(tile works)

Thermarivm (sauna)

Location: 1-12-6 Higashiizumi, Komaeshi, Tokyo

Usage: public bathhouse

Collaboration: village®︎ XS（tile） WHITELIGHT (sound plan) HOSHIZAKI (kitchen)

Photo：Ju Yeon Lee

Number of stories : 3 floors above ground / 1 floor under ground

Total floor area: 994.64㎡（1F 302.53㎡)

Type of structure: RC

Completion: March, 2023

Opening: April, 2023