深圳长源小学 | 微型校园的复合集约设计

一个近乎不可完成的任务AnAlmostImpossibleMission深圳教育需求的激增与土地紧缺之间的矛盾日渐激化，近年来不断涌现极端用地条件下的高密校园讨论，在这样的背景下，南方科技大学教育集团（南山）长源小学（以下简称：长源小学）是其中一个近乎不可完成的设计任务。

Amidst the escalating conflict between Shenzhen’s burgeoning educational needs and the scarcity of land resources, fervent discussions have arisen, seeking innovative solutions for schools to thrive within these limitations. In such a context, a series of challenging projects have emerged, one of which is the design of Changyuan Primary School, part of the SUSTECH Education Group located in Nanshan.

▼校园鸟瞰，Aerial view © 方舟

首先，项目用地面积仅为5155㎡，并呈狭小不规则三角形，总建筑面积18524㎡，规划办学18个公办义务教学班，容积率高达3.0；其次，场地内规划建设一条地下排洪箱涵，建筑需满足退距箱涵8米要求，因此，实际地面可建设用地仅为2300㎡左右，不到用地面积的一半，进一步压缩地面建设空间。此外，考虑建筑对北侧幼儿园班房的日照影响，建筑也不能简单叠高向高空发展。设计团队在种种极限约束条件下，克服规划、消防、结构等重重约束困难，创造一座南山区别具特色、高度复合集约的微型校园。

▼空间生成，spatial generation©CMAD Architects

▼地下排洪箱涵示意，Schematic of the underground drainage box culvert

Situated within a confined plot area of 5,155 square meters, characterized by its narrow and irregular triangular shape, the ambitious endeavor of Changyuan Primary School faces a multitude of challenges.

With the aim of accommodating 18 compulsory education classes within a floor area of 18,524 square meters, the plot ratio soars to an impressive 3.0. As the construction of an underground box culvert necessitates a minimum setback distance of 8 meters for any above-ground structures, the actual usable plot area is reduced by more than half, dwindling to a mere 2,300 square meters.

Moreover, the design team was confronted with the delicate task of ensuring optimal sunlight exposure for the neighboring kindergarten classrooms in the north, thereby eliminating the straightforward option of adding additional stories to expand the floor area.

Nevertheless, through their unwavering determination and ingenuity, the design team triumphed over these myriad constraints, deftly navigating the realms of planning, fire safety, and structural requirements to build a remarkable and exquisitely compact campus.

▼鸟瞰，aerial view© 方舟

项目位于南山区大学城畔，留仙大道以东，长岭一号路和长岭陂路交叉口，南侧为道尔顿新华公学，东侧北侧均为城市更新高层住宅。

在如此极限用地条件下，校园的功能空间配备和使用品质并没有因此而降低，而是集合成一栋6层综合楼，功能包括普通教室、专业教室、图书馆、报告厅、架空风雨操场、学生及教师餐厅、办公室、教工宿舍、地下车库等。

▼功能分析，functional analysis©CMAD Architects

Nestled at the crossroads of Changling No.1 Road and Changlingbei Road, adjacent to the University Town in Nanshan District, lies the campus of Changyuan Primary School. Embraced by the bustling Liuxian Avenue in the east and Shenzhen Dalton Xinhua School in the south, the School is encircled by towering residential buildings in the east and north, a testament to the city’s urban renewal endeavors. Despite the limited land area, the school still manages to provide high-quality facilities and multi-functional spaces within a 6-story comprehensive building. These facilities include regular classrooms, specialized classrooms, a library, an auditorium, a covered playground, a cafeteria for students and teachers, offices, faculty dormitories, and an underground parking garage.

▼主入口沿街立面，facade of Main Entrance© 方舟

“飞起来”的方舟“Flying” Ark

为了满足地下箱涵退让的要求，项目采用了钢结构局部大跨27米、悬挑12米的设计形式，使建筑物架空并漂浮在地面之上，以最大程度地利用土地空间。考虑到对北侧幼儿园的日照影响，设计将主要层高控制在4层以内。体育活动场地则被安排在4层屋顶、首层和地下架空层。主要教学用房在2-4层围绕一个共享中庭展开，行政办公和教师宿舍位于5-6层。通过屋顶、底层架空以及内中庭的公共空间设计，实现了极致的场地最大化，为学生提供了丰富的活动空间。

To accommodate the underground culvert box, the project incorporates a steel structure with a 27-meter span and a 12-meter overhang, allowing the building to “float” above the ground and optimize space utilization. Additionally, the building’s height is limited to four stories to prevent blocking sunlight from the adjacent kindergarten classrooms in the north. The rooftop, first floor, and underground mezzanine will be designated as sports facilities, while the second to fourth floors, centered around a shared atrium, will serve as teaching facilities. The fifth and sixth floors will house administrative offices and faculty dormitories. By incorporating a rooftop, underground mezzanine, and atrium, the project maximizes the use of limited land resources while providing versatile facilities for students.

Construction progress

▼剖透视空间分析，Anatomical Spatial Analysis©CMAD Architects

在场地条件十分苛刻的前提下，建筑师通过复合集约的设计和结构建造技术的配合，尽可能地为学生创造一个舒适、健康的学习环境。这种设计不仅是对土地资源的充分利用，也体现了对学生发展全面能力的关注。我们相信，这样的建筑设计将为长源小学带来独特而富有活力的校园氛围，激发学生的创造力和学习热情。

Against the severe challenges on site, architects combine comprehensive and compact design with structural construction techniques to create a comfortable and healthy learning environment for students. This design not only maximizes the utilization of land resources but also emphasizes the development of students’ versatility. We believe such an architectural design will bring a unique and vibrant vibe to Changyuan Primary School, inspiring creativity and enthusiasm for learning among the students.

▼主入口立面，Main entrance© 方舟

“方舟”的立面设计采用了流畅的水平曲线线条，在保证遮阳效果的同时营造出独特的建筑光影美感。铝板挑檐的设计不仅实现了实用性，还增添了视觉上的亮点。橙色和绿色成为整个校园的主色调，这种明亮的颜色组合为校园注入了活力和生机。

The facade of the “Ark” features sleek horizontal curves, creating a distinctive interplay of light and shadow while effectively providing shade. The design of the aluminum overhang offers both practical functionality and aesthetic appeal. Serving as the primary color scheme of the campus, the bright combination of orange and green infuses the school with vitality and vibrancy.

立面水平向挑檐线条，Horizontal eaves line on façade© 方舟

▼外立面墙身大样，Facade Wall Sample©CMAD Architects

“沉下去”的乐园“Sunken” Paradise

项目在首层和负一层创造了一个连续贯通的架空活动空间，有效地利用了有限的土地资源，形成了学校独特的下沉式乐园。首层的架空区域通过景观台阶延伸到负一层架空区，使整个底层架空有着良好的自然采光和通风，这个下沉式的架空活动场拥有一片宽敞的篮球场地和观众看台，周边还设置了音乐和舞蹈教室以及食堂，方便学生们在各种活动之间进行交流和互动，促进了校园文化的繁荣。这种设计策略的应用还体现了对地下空间的有效利用，以及对建筑物与环境融合的关注，为学生提供了一个独特而具有吸引力的学习和活动场所。

The project features an open-plan elevated space on both the first floor and basement, creating a unique sunken paradise that maximizes the limited land resources. The elevated space seamlessly extends through a viewing platform from the first floor to the basement, ensuring abundant natural light and ventilation throughout the lower level. The sunken paradise features a spacious basketball court and spectator stands, surrounded by music and dance classrooms as well as a cafeteria. This layout promotes communication and interaction among students during various activities, fostering a vibrant school culture. The design philosophy shines through in the ingenious utilization of underground space and the seamless integration of the construction with its surroundings. Together, these elements create an enchanting haven that not only fosters learning but also provides a captivating recreational environment for students.

下沉架空篮球场，The sunken paradise© 方舟

▼柔和的曲线，Soft curves© 方舟

▼场地一角，a corner in the court© 方舟

▼负一层音乐教室，Music room on the -1F© 方舟

负一层舞蹈教室，Dancing room on the -1F© 方舟

“会呼吸”的中庭“Breathing” Atrium

沿着首层入口大台阶进入“方舟”2层的内中庭，这里是校园学习交流的中心，主要教学用房环绕着它展开，它被设计成一个能够“呼吸的”共享空间。

Ascend the grand staircase to the first floor, you will step into the ethereal atrium on the second floor of the “Ark”. Serving as a vibrant hub for learning and communication, this space is enveloped by teaching facilities, designed to foster an atmosphere of shared knowledge and inspiration. Like a living entity, the atrium pulsates with vitality, inviting all who enter to breathe in its invigorating energy.

▼作为主要课间活动空间的透光中庭，The ethereal atrium© 方舟

▼2022年9月刚刚交付未使用的中庭状态对比，Situation of 2022/9© 方舟

中庭内的大楼梯可兼作交通和休息座席使用，为空间提供了学术讲堂，读书交流活动多场景应用的可能。同时，中庭上方的立体通风天窗提供了充足的自然光线和通风气流，为室内创造了节能舒适的环境。而有楼梯可直上屋顶活动场地，将室内与室外活动空间紧密联系在一起。共享中庭打破传统教学模式的界限，创造一个灵活、多义的学习空间，并将校园教学设施与自然环境相结合，在高密度校园里为学生提供更舒适松弛的空间体验。

The large staircase in the atrium serves both as a passage and seating area, enabling a wide range of activities from academic lectures to reading discussions. The three-dimensional skylight above the atrium allows ample natural light and ventilation, creating an energy-efficient and comfortable environment indoors. Additionally, there are stairs leading directly to the rooftop activity area, seamlessly connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. The shared atrium transcends the limitations of traditional school facilities and creates a flexible and versatile learning space that integrates campus facilities with the natural environment, offering students a comfortable and relaxing space in a compact campus.

通过透明天窗引入自然光，Natural light through skylight© 方舟

▼可活动天窗，movable skylight© 方舟

▼中庭活动空间，event space in the atrium© 方舟

图书馆，library© 方舟

报告厅，reporting hall© 方舟

▼教师餐厅，Teachers’ dining hall© 方舟

▼合班教室，shared classroom© 方舟

“天空中”运动场Schoolyard “in the Sky”由于用地有限，室外操场设置到屋面在深圳已经成为常态。阳光户外操场对学生的健康成长必不可少，设计团队在保证安全和减少结构震动对建筑功能影响的前提下，在4层屋面设置了一个袖珍的空中运动场，包括60米直跑道和升旗台，以及给学生休憩、遮阳避雨的挑檐空间。学生可以在课间方便地到达空中运动场上享受阳光和自然，并可以通过立体天窗快捷进入中庭，回到教室上课。此外，6层屋面还设有一个多功能的屋顶绿化花园，可为校园多增添一点绿色。

Due to limited space, rooftop schoolyard has become a common option for schools in Shenzhen. A sunlit schoolyard is essential to students’ healthy growth. Under the premise of ensuring safety and minimizing the impact of structural vibrations on the building’s functionality, the design team puts a compact schoolyard on the 4th floor rooftop, which encompasses a 60-meter running track, a flag-raising platform, and a sheltered area for students to rest, seek shade, and stay dry during rain. During recess, students can easily access the rooftop schoolyard to enjoy the sunshine and nature. They can also quickly return to the classrooms through the three-dimensional skylight that leads to the atrium. Additionally, the 6th-floor rooftop features a versatile green garden, adding a touch of greenery to the campus.

▼屋顶运动场，rooftop schoolyard© 方舟

结语Conclusion

长源小学校园虽然空间有限，但功能配备齐全，这得益于设计团队对场地条件因地制宜高度集约地利用。此外，校园空间的营造不仅关注功能性需求，还应重视学生精神层面的发展，旨在给予学生美好的回忆和成长经历。正如长源小学秉承着”大学畔的小学校，小学校里的大教育”的理念，我们希望将空间氛围与学校办学特色相结合，帮助学生树立积极向上的人生态度和未来信心。

Though the campus of Changyuan Primary School may be modest in size, it is well-equipped thanks to the design team’s efficient use of the available land. Moreover, the campus design transcends mere functionality to focus more on the psychological well-being of its students, thus creating cherished memories and invaluable growth experiences for all students. In perfect harmony with the educational philosophy of Changyuan Primary School, we envision a primary school nestled amidst universities where exceptional education thrives within the confines of a compact campus. Our unwavering aspiration is to seamlessly blend the school’s physical environment with its distinctive educational features, empowering our students to cultivate a resolute optimism and confidence in their future endeavors.

▼一层平面图，1F plan©CMAD Architects

二层平面图，2F plan©CMAD Architects

▼三层平面图，3F plan©CMAD Architects

四层平面图，4F plan©CMAD Architects

五层平面图，5F plan©CMAD Architects

▼六层平面图，6F plan©CMAD Architects

▼屋顶层平面图，roof floor plan©CMAD Architects

▼负一层平面图，-1F plan©CMAD Architects

▼负二层平面图，-2F plan©CMAD Architects

▼剖面图，sections©CMAD Architects