Gelephu“正念城市”丨马来西亚丹南丨BIG,Arup 和 Cistri

不丹国王Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck在116周年国庆的讲话中，向3万名听众提出了他对在世界上首个负碳国家不丹建设新经济中心的设想。该项目位于不丹南部的Gelephu镇，占地1000多平方公里，由BIG、Arup和Cistri联合设计，名为“正念城市”，项目灵感来自不丹文化、国民幸福指数（GNH）原则和不丹强大的精神遗产。

In the 116th National Day address to an audience of 30,000, His Majesty King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck presented his vision for a new economic hub in Bhutan, the world’s first carbon-negative country. Located in the town of Gelephu in Southern Bhutan, the 1000+ km2 masterplan titled ‘Mindfulness City’ by BIG, Arup, and Cistri is informed by Bhutanese culture, the principles of Gross National Happiness index (GNH), and the country’s strong spiritual heritage.

▼项目视频，Video © BIG

未来的Gelephu特别行政区位于印度和不丹边境，落成后的项目将利用其地理位置优势和与南亚和东南亚的连通性，为该国未来的发展奠定基础，并通过对绿色技术、教育和基础设施的投资，为其公民创造增收的机会。项目的总体规划由BIG的景观和城市设计团队负责，包括：全新的国际机场、铁路枢纽站、水电站、公共空间。设计将基于当地建筑类型的语言，并回应国民幸福指数GNH中提出的九个方面：心理健康、健康、教育、生活水平、时间规划、生态多样性/弹性、良好的城市治理、文化多样性/弹性，以及社区活力。

The future Gelephu Special Administration Region, located on the India-Bhutan border, will leverage its location and connectivity to South- and Southeast Asia to lay the foundation for the country’s future growth and create economic opportunities for its citizens through investments in green technology, education, and infrastructure. Designed by BIG’s Landscape and Urban Design Team, the masterplan includes a new international airport, railway connections, a hydroelectric dam, public spaces, and a language for local building typologies, based on the nine domains of GNH: Psychological Wellbeing, Health, Education, Living Standards, Time-Use, Ecological Diversity and Resilience, Good Governance, Cultural Diversity and Resilience, and Community Vitality.

▼项目整体鸟瞰，General aerial view © BRICK VISUAL

不丹坐落在山脉、森林和河流之间，70%的面积被森林覆盖，是世界上仅存的具有强大生物多样性的地点之一。“正念城市”的目标旨在进一步增强该国家的生物多样性，以充满活力与色彩的建筑语言联系起自然生态系统与活跃的社区。穿越整个场地的河流和溪流高达35条，由此产生的带状社区宛如稻田一般，进而形成了从山丘到山谷的城市梯田。城市的密度从高到低逐渐增加，从充满乡村与休闲氛围的山地转化到城市化、且建筑与人口密集的低地。

▼分析图，Analysis diagram © BIG

Nestled between mountains, forests, and rivers, Bhutan stands as one of the last biodiversity hotspots in the world, with 70% of the country covered in forest. Mindfulness City aims to amplify the country’s abundant biodiversity by emerging as a vibrant tapestry of interconnected ecosystems and lively neighborhoods shaped by the flow of the 35 rivers and streams that run through the site. The resulting ribbonlike neighborhoods resemble paddy fields, forming urban terraces that cascade down from the hills to the valley. The city increases in density from the rural and recreational highlands to the urban and dense lowlands.

▼村落鸟瞰，Aerial view of the village © BRICK VISUAL

“Gelephu总体规划为国王陛下的愿景提供了具像化的形式，即，创造一座不同凡响的城市，它不仅以不丹的自然和文化为基础，同时还将成为促进国家发展与创新的摇篮。我们为‘正念城市’做出了独一无二的构想，在这里，自然环境得到改善，农业得到整合，传统得以生存和呼吸，人民的生活环境不仅得到了保护，而且得到了发展。Gelephu由水道塑造，成为桥梁之地，连接自然与人类，过去与未来，当地与全球。像不丹传统的仲城（DZongs）一样，这些可居住的桥梁变成了文化地标，同时也是交通基础设施和市政设施的结合。其中，桑科什神庙大坝（Sankosh Temple-Dam）将城市的基本价值观嵌入到阶梯和平台的层叠景观中，就像21世纪的虎穴寺（Tiger Nest）一样，它将成为证明人类在地球上的存在痕迹的人造纪念碑。这座宛如神庙般的建筑将工程变成艺术，将自然变成力量。” “The Gelephu Masterplan gives form to His Majesty’s vision to create a city that becomes a cradle for growth and innovation while remaining founded on Bhutanese nature and culture. We imagine the Mindfulness City as a place that could be nowhere else. Where nature is enhanced, agriculture is integrated, and tradition is living and breathing, not only preserved but also evolved. Shaped by waterways, Gelephu becomes a land of bridges, connecting nature and people, past and future, local and global. Like the traditional Dzongs, these inhabitable bridges turn into cultural landmarks, doubling as transportation infrastructure combined with civic facilities. Among these, the Sankosh Temple-Dam embeds the city’s fundamental values into a cascading landscape of steps and landings, that like a 21st century Tigers Nest will be a manmade monument to the divine possibility of a sustainable human presence on earth. Turning engineering into art and turning the forces of nature into power.” —— Bjarke Ingels, BIG – Bjarke Ingels集团创始人兼创意总监 Bjarke Ingels, Founder and Creative Director, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group

▼新机场外观，The new airport exterior © BRICK VISUAL

▼新机场，The new airport © BRICK VISUAL

结合Gelephu的自然元素、现有的基础设施、农业以及公用设施，设计团队将1000多平方公里的土地自然划分为11个不同的社区。每个社区的规划都是模仿曼陀罗的形态发展而来的。从平面上看，社区由一系列围绕中央公共空间对称组织的区域组成，呈现出重复类型学的本质，同时创造出城市密度的逐渐过渡，即，从分散在北部景观中的小型建筑过渡到南部城市环境中的大型建筑。

The natural elements and the existing infrastructure, agriculture, and utilities of Gelephu naturally create eleven distinct neighborhoods across the 1000+ km2 area. Each of the eleven neighborhoods is designed based on the principles of the Mandala: defined by a series of repeating typologies organized symmetrically around a central public space, a gradual transition in density is created, from small buildings dispersed in the landscape in the north to larger footprints within an urban environment in the south.

▼村落农业景观，Village agricultural landscape © BIG

▼建筑与自然的和谐共存，Harmonious coexistence of architecture nd nature © BRICK VISUAL

为了保护城镇现有环境以及其未来的发展免受季风季节的洪水影响，“稻田”社区将沿着基地的河流和支流，从北向南延伸。这些保护区将进一步成为当地动植物的生物多样性走廊，使大象和其他野生动物的迁徙路线不受干扰。

To protect existing and future development against flooding in the monsoon season, paddy fields will be established along the site’s rivers and tributaries, running from north to south. These will further function as biodiversity corridors for local flora and fauna, leaving the migratory routes of elephants and other wildlife undisturbed.

▼作为东西方医学交汇点的保健中心，Healthcare center as a meeting between Eastern and Western medicine © ATCHAIN

“不丹王国对他人以及自然都保有平等的尊重与同理心，这种文化启发了我们，‘正念城市’的设计旨在加强当地的生态系统，通过城市发展，将植物和动物，以及人与思想联系起来。它证明了人类与自然密不可分的联系，也为全人类树立了一个如何在地球上建立可持续栖息地的榜样。” “Inspired by the Bhutanese culture of respect and compassion for others and nature, the Mindfulness City is designed to enhance ecological systems, through an urban development that connects flora and fauna, as well as people and ideas. It becomes a testament of humanity’s inseparable bond with nature, and a global example of how to build a sustainable human presence on Earth.” —— Giulia Frittoli，BIG – Bjarke Ingels集团合伙人&BIG景观主管 Giulia Frittoli, Partner in Charge, BIG Landscape, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group

▼Vajrayana精神中心，Vajrayana spiritual center © BRICK VISUAL

城市内的社区被河流隔开，通过三条主要的交通要道连接在一起。这些桥梁有时也可以作为交通基础设施与公民和文化设施的结合体，创造出一系列“可居住”的桥梁，可谓是对国民幸福指数GNH中的九个方面的回应。

The neighborhoods within the city, which are divided by rivers, are tied together by three main mobility connections. Occasionally, these double as transportation infrastructure combined with civic and cultural facilities, creating a series of ‘inhabitable bridges’ which are tailored to each of the nine Gross National Happiness domains.

▼文化中心，Cultural center © BRICK VISUAL

每座“桥梁”都承载了一处城市中的主要目的地，包括：新机场；Vajrayana精神中心，在这里人们能够看到和尚以及正念大师的日常修行活动；作为东西方医学交汇点的保健中心；开放式的大学；为日常通勤者展示古老农业实践和现代农业科学的水利与水培温室；让游客沉浸在不丹的文化和习俗中的文化中心；以及一座装饰着不丹传统纺织品的市场。

Each of the bridges house key destinations within the city: the new airport, a Vajrayana spiritual center which allows glimpses into the daily practices of the monks and masters of mindfulness; a healthcare center as a meeting between Eastern and Western medicine; a university that exposes its academic activities; a hydroponic and aquaponic greenhouse putting ancient farming practices and modern agro-science on display for the daily commuters; a cultural center to immerse and educate visitors about Bhutanese culture and customs; and a market adorned with Bhutanese textiles.

▼开放式大学，University that exposes its academic activities © BRICK VISUAL

▼装饰着不丹传统纺织品的市场，Market adorned with Bhutanese textiles © BRICK VISUAL

最后一座桥是一座水电站，该设施将建在城市的西部边界上，雄伟的台阶井挡土墙将为人们提供无与伦比的观景点，此外，人们还可以在这些阶梯上散步冥想，并最终达到顶部的寺庙进行参拜。游客和朝圣者可以沿着无数条独立的路线上下，到达人工悬崖上的游客中心和寺庙。Sankosh寺庙大坝在建筑形式上体现了Gelephu的所有基本元素，彰显出文化与自然的和谐共存，可谓是不丹丰富的历史遗产与繁荣的未来发展的完美结合。

The final bridge, a hydroelectric dam, will be constructed on the city’s western border with a step-well retaining wall that offers viewpoints, staircases for meditative walks, and a temple. Visitors and pilgrims can ascend and descend along countless individual routes to the visitor center and temple nested on the face of the manmade cliff. The Sankosh Temple-Dam embodies in architectural form all the foundational elements of Gelephu: the harmonious coexistence of culture and nature, conceived as a hybrid child of Bhutan’s rich past heritage and its prosperous future legacy.

▼Sankosh寺庙大坝，The Sankosh Temple-Dam © BRICK VISUAL

▼阶梯，Steps © BIG

尺度亲密的街道，铺有可渗透的铺路石，能够允许雨水渗入地下而不是污水系统，进而保证当地的生态弹性。新建建筑将采用木材、石头和竹子等当地材料，设计灵感来自当地的传统民居特征，如：拉梁、飞檐、装饰物，以及屋顶景观等。

Intimate streets, paved with permeable pavers provide resilience by allowing stormwater to seep into the ground rather than the sewage system. Local materials – wood, stone, and bamboo – will be used in the new buildings, inspired by vernacular motifs such as rabsel, cornices, ornaments, and roofscapes.

▼街景，Streetscape © BIG

▼公共交通走廊，Public transporation corridor © BIG

▼屋顶景观，Roofscape © BIG

Name: Gelephu Mindfulness City Size:  1000+ km2  Location: Gelephu, The Kingdom of Bhutan Client: The Kingdom of Bhutan Collaborators: Arup, Cistri Project team Partners-in-Charge: Bjarke Ingels, Giulia Frittoli Project Manager: Nanna Gyldholm Møller Design Lead: Dace Gurecka Team: Anastasiia Golub, Filip Radu, Giancarlo Albarello Herrera, Krisha Arunkumar, Marius Tromholt-Richter, Matthew Goodwill, Monika Dauksaite, Sophie Høg, Xian Chen, Xu Lian Visualizations: Brick Visual, Atchain, BIG Animation: Squint/Opera & Brick Visual