天津滨海科技馆丨中国天津

2023/10/13 09:39:40

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缘起|八年磨一剑

Origin|Eight Years of Effort

2010 年，滨海新区政府启动天津滨海文化中心项目方案设计工作，Bernard Tschumi、Zaha Hadid、MVRDV 和何镜堂四位建筑大师参与了文化中心城市设计及博物馆、美术馆、图书馆和政务中心的初期投标。后来因为重新选址等多种原因，屈米事务所和天津市城市规划设计研究院组成联合体负责科技馆的设计工作，历时 8 年修成正果，项目于 2018 年竣工投入使用。

In 2010, the Binhai New Area government initiated the project of Tianjin Binhai Cultural Center and invited four architectural masters, Bernard Tschumi, Zaha Hadid, MVRDV, and He Jingtang participating in the urban design of the cultural center, as well as the initial bidding of the museums, art galleries, libraries, and civic centers. Due to various setbacks such as relocation, the Tianjin Binhai Science and Technology Museum was eventually co-designed by URBANUS and the Tianjin Urban Planning and Design Institute, taking eight years to complete. The project was completed and put into use in 2018.

▼滨海文化中心航拍，Aerial view© 战长恒

场馆简介

Venue Introduction

科技馆坐落于滨海文化中心（一期）的东北侧，场馆东侧、北侧为紫云公园，南侧为图书馆，西侧为美术馆，文化长廊围绕在科技馆的南侧和西侧。科技馆建筑面积为 32730 平方米，地上 4 层，地下 1 层。重点展示我国智能化高科技发展成果，同时针对青少年普及科学原理及应用，将科学性、知识性、趣味性相结合，是实施科普教育、弘扬科学精神的重要公共建筑。

文化中心的建成不仅弥补了新区公共服务设施的不足，满足了居民对美好生活的追求，更向世人展示新区建设成就和成为世界级城市的雄心。

▼科技馆总图，Site plan

The Science and Technology Museum is located on the northeast side of the Binhai Cultural Center (Phase I), with Ziyun Park on the east side, the library on the south side, and the art gallery on the west side. The cultural corridor surrounds the south and west sides of the Science and Technology Museum. The building area of the Science and Technology Museum is 32,730 square meters, with four floors above ground and one underground.

The Science and Technology Museum focuses on displaying China’s achievements in the development of intelligent high-tech, and combines scientific, educational, and entertaining elements to popularize scientific principles and applications among young people. It is an important place for popular science education and promoting the spirit of science.

The completion of the Cultural Center not only addresses the insufficient public service facilities in the new area but also satisfies residents’ pursuit of a better quality of life. Furthermore, it showcases the achievements of the new area’s development and its ambition to become a world-class city.

▼滨海文化中心航拍，Aerial view© 战长恒

▼公园侧人视实景照片，Exterior view© 战长恒

致敬场地记忆

Paying Tribute to Site Memory

任何人与科技馆第一次相遇，一定会记住几个形似烟囱的锥形圆筒体量，这个形象符号作为方案的灵魂，从 2010 年单体方案竞赛投标开始，就贯穿始终。

Anyone who first encounters the Science and Technology Museum will surely remember several cone-shaped cylindrical volumes that resemble chimneys. This visual symbol, as the soul of the design proposal, has been present since the individual proposal competition bidding in 2010.

▼天津碱厂旧时影像，The archive photo© 图片来源于网络

天津碱厂的“红三角”牌纯碱是近代中国民族工业中自主研发并获得国际金奖的产品，是民族工业的骄傲。作为纯碱生产基地的厂区已不复存在，现场上矗立的两座锥形混凝土冷却塔成为曾经荣耀的唯一记忆，成为民族工业自强不息的精神象征。

因为滨海文化中心的选址被最终指定于此，两座冷却塔不得不走向被拆除的宿命。面临具有历史几点的场地，如何传承工业文化遗产的精神属性？如何保持并延续场所记忆？如何创造新的场所精神？这些疑问给设计师们提出了严肃的课题和历史性挑战！

The “Red Triangle” brand soda ash produced by the Tianjin Alkali Factory is a product that was independently developed by China’s modern national industry and won international awards. It is a pride of the national industry.

The factory area, which was the production base of soda ash, no longer exists. The only remaining memories of its former glory are the two towering cone-shaped concrete cooling towers, which have become a symbol of the nation’s industrial resilience.

However, due to the selection of the site for the Binhai Cultural Center, these two cooling towers must face the inevitable fate of demolition. How can the spiritual attributes of industrial cultural heritage be passed on in the face of a site with significant historical significance? How can the memories of the place be preserved and continued? How can a new sense of place be created? These questions pose serious challenges and historical tasks for the designers!

▼锥形圆筒模型

为了表达对场地历史的尊敬，屈米先生同我们共同商讨并确定从场地中提取锥形圆筒符号，作为建筑方案形式与空间的起点，直截了当地传承并延续场地形式记忆。同时，结合运用现代材料和方法表达当代人对老碱厂记忆的敬意，并通过空间转译创造全新空间体验和场景，再现老碱厂的光辉与荣耀。

In order to pay tribute to the history of the site, Mr. Qu Mi discussed with us and decided to extract the cone-shaped cylinder symbol from the site as the starting point for the architectural form and space, directly inheriting and continuing the site memory. At the same time, modern materials and methods were used to express respect for the memory of the old alkali factory, and through spatial translation and innovative spatial experiences and scenes, the glory and honor of the old alkali factory were reproduced.

▼科技馆公园层立面实景，Facade facing the public park© 战长恒

形式空间的再现与创造

Reproduction and Creation of Form and Space

1. 立体“拉维莱特公园”

Three-dimensional “La Villette Park”

《曼哈顿手稿》是伯纳德·屈米的代表作，而法国拉维莱特公园方案的获胜使他的空间构成催生了分类活动的概念，挑战了巴黎公共建筑的传统价值，他怀疑惯常性和空间秩序，并声称形式与空间中的时间没有固定联系，这种概念使科技馆从开始就呈现出规则形体中插入锥形体块的形象，直率地表达场所记忆的同时，使新建筑内部充满形式与空间的复杂与矛盾。

“Manhattan Transcripts” is Bernard Tschumi’s representative work, and the winning of the French La Villette Park plan made his spatial composition give birth to the concept of classifying activities, challenging the traditional values of public buildings in Paris. He doubted habituation and spatial order, and claimed that there was no fixed connection between form and space. This concept made the Science and Technology Museum present the image of inserting cone-shaped blocks into regular forms from the beginning, straightforwardly expressing the site’s memory, and making the new space full of complexity and contradictions of form and space.

▼曼哈顿手稿，Manhattan Transcripts © Bernard Tschumi

最初的方案是 7 个大小不一的圆筒自由地植入长方形体块中，虚实体块在内部相互转换并时有交错，随机的位置和偶发的碰撞打破了惯常的秩序，空间的变化隐喻曾经的历史和事件，就如同“立体拉维莱特公园”向外界传递着基地所蕴含的历史能量。

The initial plan was to plant seven cylinders of different sizes freely into the rectangular block, and the virtual and solid blocks transformed and intersected with each other inside, breaking the usual order. The changes in space symbolized the history and events, just like the “three-dimensional La Villette Park” transmitting the historical energy contained in the site to the outside world.

▼科技馆初期与终期方案草图，Sketches

▼方案过程中屈米先生提出多版锥筒形式探讨方案，During the programme, Bernard Tschumi proposed multiple versions of the cone form to explore options

2. 锥筒空间演化 Evolution of Cone-shaped Spaces

我们将所有符号化和标识性的锥筒空间与展陈功能进行匹配，是一次空间艺术与建造艺术相结合的冒险尝试。设计之初，科技馆主要功能是规划与工业展示，因此理性地将矩形体块分为左右两部分，利用主体锥筒空间在交通上进行联系和组织，同时尝试各种锥筒水平或倾斜穿插于主体当中，斜向穿越各层的锥筒，为科技馆提供了一种如同时光穿梭般的超幻体验。

We matched all symbolized and identifiable cone-shaped spaces with exhibition functions, which was an adventurous attempt to combine spatial art and construction art. At the beginning of the design, the main functions of the Science and Technology Museum were planning and industrial exhibition. Therefore, the rectangular block was rationally divided into two parts, and the main cone-shaped space was used to connect and organize traffic. At the same time, various cone-shaped blocks were attempted to be horizontally or obliquely inserted into the main body, and the diagonally passing cone-shaped blocks crossing each floor provided the Science and Technology Museum with a super-illusory experience like traveling through time and space.

▼公园侧人视实景，Park side pedestrian view© 战长恒

经过数轮反复推敲，以及建筑、结构、设备等专业的充分讨论和可行性分析，最终将 7 个圆锥筒调整为垂直放置并互为图底关系。朝向公园一侧锥筒外凸，增加形式的可识别性；朝向内侧廊锥筒内凹，形成弧形内凹曲面，向长廊的游客提供开放的形象并吸引其进入参观。锥筒突出屋顶，保持锥形与外部形体、内部空间形成呼应的同时，形成特色鲜明的第五立面。

After several rounds of repeated deliberation and full discussions and feasibility analysis by professional fields such as architecture, structure, and equipment, the seven circular cones were finally adjusted to be vertically placed and mutually related to each other as the base figures. The cone on the side facing the park protrudes outward, and the cone on the side facing the city is recessed inward, creating a dynamic and unique appearance. The cone-shaped spaces are connected by a central atrium, which serves as the main exhibition space and circulation hub of the Science and Technology Museum.

▼科技馆上人屋面，Accessible roof© 战长恒

▼长廊侧入口实景，Entrance on the gallery side© 战长恒

▼中央圆筒，The central cone© 战长恒

3. 主体锥筒空间

Integration of Nature and Technology

场馆的核心空间是一个底圆直径 30m，高 40m 的锥筒，也是馆内唯一一个上下通高的锥筒，它兼备展览和交通的功能。锥筒贯通四层直达屋顶，顶部开设直径 16m 天窗将光线引入，自然光在筒壁投下变幻莫测的光晕。

The Science and Technology Museum is not only a place to display the achievements of science and technology, but also a place to experience the harmony between nature and technology.

The design concept of “integrating nature and technology” is reflected in the green roof, the atrium garden, and the water feature in front of the museum.

▼筒 B 模型，Cone B

其中可以容纳一个 1:3 比例真实的长征 5 号运载火箭实体模型，模型高 18.9m，直径 1.67m，两侧助推器直径 1.17m。锥筒空间与展品的完美结合，使空间形式与功能需求达到和谐统一。

同时为了实现游客近距离体验火箭实体模型，设计了从底层至屋顶层的螺旋上升步行通道，创造一种独特的垂直空间体验。

中央锥筒空间还原冷却塔的形式，并注入新的展示功能和观展体验，重新定义了空间与行为的多义性、偶发性，历史的形式与现代的故事在此相遇，成为科技馆空间、形式、功能的中心和灵魂。

The green roof is planted with drought-resistant plants that can reduce heat absorption and save energy, and also provide a habitat for birds and insects.

The atrium garden is filled with natural light and fresh air, creating a comfortable and relaxing environment for visitors.

The water feature in front of the museum not only adds a sense of beauty, but also serves as a rainwater collection system, which can be used for irrigation and other purposes.

▼中央圆筒首层台阶，Stair to the central cone© 战长恒

▼中央圆筒坡道，Ramps© 战长恒

▼筒间流动空间，Flow space between the cones© 战长恒

4. 锥筒间的空间

The Space between the Cones

科技馆的锥筒是主要的展示空间，同时锥筒间挤压出的空间成为其它展品展示的场所。被挤压出的展览空间没有像锥筒空间一样，有具体明确的边界和空间界限，但正是这种不确定的边界使空间更加具有多样性，可以承担大量不明确的非惯常性展示需求。

非锥筒空间的展厅不再是静止的存在，空间形体产生的诱惑使游客对空间产生了视觉和运动的双重冲动，置身其中，在交织变换的展览线路中感受着多种空间的流动，随机与偶发的叠加使空间体验完全超越日常，各种可能性隐藏在空间中，隐喻立体的“事件容器”在此诞生。

▼科技馆解析爆炸图，Axon – exploded

The Tianjin Binhai Science and Technology Museum is not only a building, but also a cultural carrier and a spiritual symbol. It inherits the memory of the site, reproduces the glory of the old alkali factory, and creates a new spiritual place for popular science education and promoting the spirit of science. The design concept of “integrating nature and technology” not only reflects the harmony between nature and technology, but also demonstrates the sustainable development of the society. The Science and Technology Museum is a masterpiece that combines architectural art, science and technology, and cultural innovation, and is a shining example of the new era of China’s cultural construction.

▼穿孔样式细部，perforated facade© 战长恒

精工建构与诗意表达

Fine Craftsmanship in Construction and Poetic Expression

1. 结构体系的选择

Selection of Structural System

在方形体量中插入 7 个锥筒空间的形式操作，相当于在规整的“多米诺”梁柱体系中放入不规则的锥形空间。为实现建筑方案要求的锥形空间，以及严苛的限额设计条件，使结构工程师不得不面对结构体系的选择问题，既在独立体系（锥筒）和联合体系（主体）间必须做出抉择，它将影响整体空间的建成效果以及造价和工期。经过反复推敲比选在综合考虑各种条件下，确定“联合体系”来建构整体系统，为后续工作打下良好基础。

Inserting 7 conical spaces into a square volume is equivalent to placing irregular conical spaces in a regular “domino” beam-column system. In order to realize the conical space required by the architectural design and the strict design constraints, the structural engineer had to face the choice between an independent system (conical spaces) and a combined system (main body), which would affect the overall spatial construction effect, cost, and construction period. After careful consideration of various conditions, the combined system was chosen to construct the overall system, laying a good foundation for subsequent work.

▼主锥筒剖透视，PerspectiveSection

2. 所见即所得 What You See Is What You Get

锥筒形式加上内部螺旋形式的坡道，使坡道成为不规则的三维实体，加上各层层高不同，坡道坡度还受到规范制约，以及施工工艺的影响，精准设计坡道坡度如何高效指导建造成为一个技术上的巨大挑战。项目组依据自主研发相关软件，成功地将三维复杂空间完整准确全面地向施工方进行信息传递，确保了施工的品质，实现了建筑师最初的设想。

▼坡道 BIM 图，Ramp – BIM model

The conical form, combined with the spiral ramp inside, turns the ramp into an irregular three-dimensional entity. Given the different heights of each floor, the ramp slope is also subject to regulatory constraints, as well as the influence of construction techniques, making precise design of the ramp slope and efficient guidance for construction a huge technical challenge. Based on self-developed software, the project team successfully transmitted complete, accurate, and comprehensive information about the complex three-dimensional space to the construction team, ensuring the quality of design and construction and realizing the architect’s original vision.

▼筒 B 一二层，Cone B – F1 & F2© 战长恒

▼筒 B 三四层，Cone B – F3 & F4© 战长恒

▼筒 E ，Cone E© 战长恒

▼筒内空间，Internal space © 战长恒

▼圆窗，Round window© 战长恒

▼方窗，Square window© 战长恒

3. 工业质感的营造 Creating an Industrial Texture

除了空间形式的传承之外，为在建筑外檐上体现工业遗存的记忆，结合科技馆对现代性的需求，我们选择仿铜金属穿孔铝板作为主要外墙材料。古铜色由上至下由浅至深跳色渐变；表面采用预锟涂制板进行拉丝处理；穿孔单元按 9cm、12cm、15cm 三种直径的图案，再分别采用 1.3cm、2cm、3cm 进行穿孔，以增加透明度；最终，外墙整体色彩和质感在不同自然光线下，显现真实且丰富的表情，实现了现代工业风的效果。

▼外立面三种跳色分析，Facade analysis

▼组团穿孔样式图，Pattern analysis

To reflect the memory of industrial remnants on the building’s exterior eaves, and in response to the modernity demands of the science and technology museum, we chose imitation copper metal perforated aluminum panels as the main exterior wall material. The antique copper color gradually changes from light to dark from top to bottom; the surface is treated with brushed finish using pre-coated plates; the perforation units are designed in three patterns with diameters of 9cm, 12cm, and 15cm, and are perforated with 1.3cm, 2cm, and 3cm respectively to increase transparency. Ultimately, the overall color and texture of the exterior wall show a real and rich expression under different natural light, achieving the effect of modern industrial style.

▼科技馆整体结构封顶© 郭鹏

▼科技馆外装饰完工© 战长恒

结语

Conclusion

科技馆作为城市文化实践的发生器，在完成对科技产品的展示及推广的同时，其意义不单纯是历史遗迹表象的保留与再现，更重要的是对功能之外形式逻辑的追求与创造，为城市提供一种纪念传统工业文化遗产的可能性，同时探索开放自由的表述方法，也许科技馆的建成就预示着新文化遗产的诞生。

As a generator of urban cultural practice, the science and technology museum not only showcases and promotes technological products, but also pursues and creates forms and logics beyond functionality, providing the possibility of commemorating traditional industrial cultural heritage for the city, while exploring open and free expression methods. Perhaps the completion of the science and technology museum heralds the birth of a new cultural heritage.

▼窗影，Light© 战长恒