Shiiba 住宅丨日本京都丨Mandai Architects

老房子中的公共感 A Sense of Publicness Embodied by an Old House

项目对一栋位于京都的住宅进行了改造。原住宅约有一百年历史，经历了一代代传承、居住。基地中有一座培育多年的茂盛花园，中间是一栋日式二层小住宅。住宅是私人财产，然而由于它已经在这里存在了很长时间，已然成为了许多人生活的一部分。因此，建筑师为其赋予了一种有趣的公共氛围，比起采用开放设计的住宅更加开放和舒适。设计目标是在保留城市和街区所珍视的环境的同时，创造一种新的生活方式。

The project is a renovation of a house in Kyoto originally built around a hundred years ago, inherited and lived in from generation to generation. The site consisted of a rich garden that had been maintained over the years, with a little two-story Japanese style house situated in the center. The house is a private property, yet since it stood in this place for a long time it had essentially become a part of various people’s lives, thus acquiring somewhat of a curious air of publicness that was more open and welcoming than any house with an open design. The aim was to create a new lifestyle while preserving this environment that has been cherished by the city and its neighborhood.

▼建筑近景鸟瞰，closer aerial view of the house ©Yasuhiro Takagi

结构形成新的连接 A Structure that Generates New Connections

住宅供一对退休夫妇居住，他们希望获得一栋让人们可以聚集的房屋。过去，为了适应生活方式的变化，建筑中扩建了一些侧屋；鉴于此，设计决定新建五个木制侧屋空间，将两层高的主屋围在中间。客厅被桂花树环绕；厨房天花高耸，将自然光带入室内；茶室紧邻日本枫树，如同其附属；明亮的楼梯间充满阳光，书房则可以看到星空；卫生间被柔和的光线穿透。上述五个侧屋空间不仅是连接老屋和花园的界面，也起到新的结构作用，如飞扶壁一般支撑原有的主楼。借此，老建筑一层无需设置抗震墙。这些扩建的侧屋与其说是附加元素，不如说其本身就是一套结构形式，为整栋建筑创造了一种新的开放感觉。

▼鸟瞰，围绕主楼新建五栋侧屋 aerial view, five lean-to spaces constructed around the main building ©Yasuhiro Takagi

The residence is for a retired couple, yet what the clients desired was a house where people could gather. Since the lean-to extensions of the original house had been added and renovated to accommodate changes in lifestyle, the decision was made to newly construct five wooden lean-to spaces, leaving only the two-story main house in the center. Each lean-to is constructed in correspondence to the garden’s environment. A living room surrounded by osmanthus trees, a kitchen with a high ceiling where sunlight enters, a tea room positioned like an annex next to the Japanese maples, a bright staircase filled with light and study with a view of the starry sky, a bathroom permeated by soft rays of light –these five lean-to spaces, while serving as interfaces connecting the old main house with the garden, are also new structures that support the existing main house like flying butresses. As a result, the first floor of the existing main house is relieved from the need for seismic resistant walls. The lean-to extensions that per se would be considered but an additional element, is in itself a structural format that creates a new sense of openness throughout the entire building.

▼侧屋与二层高的主楼，lean-to space to the two-story main house ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼花园与侧屋，lean-to space and the garden ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼入口庭院，entrance garden ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼客厅和餐厅，living and dining space ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼被树木环绕的空间，space surrounded by trees ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼从餐厅看向楼梯间，view to the staircase from the dining space ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼明亮的楼梯间，staircase filled with light ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼茶室，tea room ©Yasuhiro Takagi

散布在基地各处的感观碎片 Fragments of Impressions Scatterd Throughout the Site

项目的整个结构包括主屋，新建的侧屋空间以及老花园，设计师在每个场所中使用丰富而精妙的布局，试图消解这一主体结构。旧的楼梯间、门廊和家具被设置在新旧区域之间，突破二者的边界。不仅如此，其他原有的素材，如老的配件、壁龛式邮筒、灯具等被运用在了新建空间；老花园中的石块和树木也被移种到了新花园之中。设计将花园、建筑和家具放在同样重要的位置上，基地上围绕宽敞主楼呈现的环境碎片被重新编排，进而叠合成丰富的层次，贯穿整个空间。举例来说，当你跨过原有的大门，便进入了新建的侧屋；透过侧屋中从旧儿童房移来的配件，你会看到新花园中的一棵杜鹃树；而这棵树木其实来自于过去的空间。通过这样的设计，建筑师相信可以创造出新的连接点，回应不同人对这栋房屋的印象，最终呈现出一种新的“开房住宅”。

▼丰富的空间层次，overlapping layers of impressions in the space ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼旧构件的使用，old fittings ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼二层卧室，bedroom on the second floor ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼从阳台看向花园和侧屋，view to the garden and the lean-to spaces from the balcony ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼夜景，night view ©Yasuhiro Takagi

▼总平面图，site plan ©Mandai Architects

▼一层平面图，first floor plan ©Mandai Architects

▼二层平面图，second floor plan ©Mandai Architects

▼立面图，elevation ©Mandai Architects

Project Name: Shiiba House Completion Year: 2021 Site area: 357.73sqm Building area: 93.50sqm Total floor area: 131.95sqm Project Location: Kyoto, Japan Program / Use / Building Function: Private House

Lead Architects: Motosuke Mansai Design Team: Masashi Itaya Collaborators: Structural engineer  Kenichi Inoue