马尼斯机场私人候机楼丨西班牙丨ERRE arquitectura

2021/12/09 15:25:11

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全新的马尼斯机场私人候机楼具有明确而清晰的几何形态，由一个长120米宽47米的建筑单体构成，建筑外部的金属材质统一了内部的结构与各种功能。这层金属外表皮在某些区域设有微型穿孔，能够允许自然光线进入室内，这种设计在为项目营造出统一的工业风格外观的同时，能够使室内环境氛围根据时间和阳光的改变而产生动态变化。

▼项目概览，overall of the project © David Frutos

The project for this newly built Private Terminal proposes a clear and decisive geometry defined by a single volume (120 x 47 meters) in which the exterior metallic materiality that surrounds the building unifies its various functions and structures. This skin, which in some areas is micro-perforated to allow natural light to enter the interior, gives the project a unitary industrial appearance, whilst being dynamic and variable changing according to time and sunlight.

▼主入口一侧，entrance side © David Frutos

▼建筑外部的金属材质统一了内部的结构与各种功能，the exterior metallic materiality that surrounds the building unifies its various functions and structures © David Frutos

▼建筑外观细部，exterior details © David Frutos

候机楼内部共分为两个主要功能区域： 1. 双层建筑部分为办公区域，其中通高的中庭为办公区营造出流动的空间环境与开放式的视觉体验。 2. 单层大体量的机库区域将容纳不同型号的飞机与充足的储藏空间。

The functional program is divided into two main areas 1. The area for office use is distributed over two floors between which double heights are created generating visuals. 2. On the other hand, the hangar area will have space to host different aircrafts as well as warehouses.

▼机库区域一侧，the hangar area side © David Frutos

▼机库立面，facade of the hangar area © David Frutos

结构的设计是该项目最大的挑战之一，也是影响建筑最终外观的最大因素。本项目中结构体系采用了刚性金属山墙框架与变深度桁架系统，两种不同的结构系统以同样的方式支撑起屋顶的金属桁架，这种设置将建筑的立面解放出来，使得前部立面上可以创建长达100米的开口，以适应空间的功能要求和使用者对空间的需求。

▼分析图，diagram © ERRE arquitectura

The design of the structure has been one of the greatest challenges of the project and the element that has most conditioned the final appearance of the building. The structure is solved using rigid metal gable frames with variable depth trusses. In the same way, two elements are proposed to support a metal truss that allow a free front opening of 100 meters to adapt to the functional requirements and demands of the space.

▼打开状态下的机库立面，facade of the hangar area while opening © David Frutos

▼复杂的金属桁架系统为在立面上创建大面积的开口提供了条件，A complex metal truss system allows for the creation of large openings on the facade © David Frutos

▼大面积的开口将室内外空间几乎完全连通，Large openings connect the interior and exterior spaces almost completely © David Frutos

虽然建筑有着十分可观的面积与体积，但是主要空间区域（3794.14 m2）并不需要额外的气候调节，因此本项目对能源的影响很低。主要空间中的自然通风是通过三架风扇实现的，战略性的风扇布置避免了大空间在冬季寒冷时节的空气分层，同时也保证了夏季时热负荷能及时排出建筑。

Despite its area and volume, the project has a low energy impact since the main space area (3,794.14 m2) does not require climate conditioning. The natural ventilation of this space is achieved through the strategic installation of three fans, avoiding air stratification in winter and allowing the thermal load to be reduced in summer.

▼机库主要空间区域，the main space area of the hangar © David Frutos

▼整个空间采用了自然通风系统，降低了能源的负担，The natural ventilation system reduces the energy burden © David Frutos

▼机库区室内的金属饰面与建筑外观形成呼应，Metal finishes in the interior of the hanger echo the exterior of the building © David Frutos

在材料方面，机库区域选择了金属饰面和暴露的结构，从而营造出鲜明的工业风格，完美呼应了建筑的外观。而在办公区域则采用了能够带来温暖触感的材质，例如木材、开放式吊顶，以及织物地毯等，除了满足功能需求外，这些材料还具有良好的声学性质。

▼办公区 – 二层通高的中庭，Office area – double-height atrium © David Frutos

▼由中庭看上方会议室，viewing the meeting room from the atrium © David Frutos

▼会议室，meeting room © David Frutos

Regarding materiality, metallic finishes and exposed structure have been chosen for the industrial area, thus achieving an appearance more in line with its use. In the administration area, we opted for a warmer materiality shown using wood, as well as open false ceilings and carpets that meet the acoustic and functional needs of these spaces.

▼办公区，Office are © David Frutos