美国国家陆军博物馆正式开幕 / SOM

2020年11月11日的“美国退伍军人节”当天，SOM 与美国陆军历史基金会共同庆祝“美国国家陆军博物馆”（National Museum of the United States Army）正式落成，博物馆于当日向公众开放。这座新开幕的博物馆是第一个讲述美国军队中这个最古老军种的文化机构。

This Veterans Day, SOM and the Army Historical Foundation are celebrating the completion and opening of the National Museum of the United States Army (NMUSA), a cultural institution of national significance that is the first to tell the story of the oldest branch of the United States military.

▼博物馆外观，external view of the museum Photo Dave Burk © SOM

新落成的博物馆距华盛顿特区仅20英里，设计宗旨是成为一个教育中心，同时开启公众了解美国军队的门户。游客能在参观后对美国陆军的历史都有一个系统性的了解，博物馆的展览重心并不在于战斗或战争本身，而是着眼于每一位士兵个体和他们在几个世纪的军队历史中所扮演的角色，了解有关军人荣誉、为国捐躯和英勇献身精神的故事。

The building, located just 20 miles outside of Washington, D.C., is designed to serve as a center of education and as the Army’s symbolic front door. By walking visitors through every generation of the Army, the museum focuses not on battles or wars, but on the individual soldier—a centuries-long narrative of honor, sacrifice, and valor.

▼远景鸟瞰，博物馆距市区20英里，distance aerial view of the museum 20 miles outside of the city ©Courtesy of NMUSA

非盈利性组织“美国陆军历史基金会”的主席TLG Roger Schultz（已退役）表示：“作为合作伙伴，SOM 完成了一项伟大的工作，为我们设想了一座能够反映陆军传奇历史和反映其深远影响的场馆，让游客深入了解3000多万名身着戎装的男女公民的事迹。” “Our partners at SOM did a magnificent job helping us envision a museum that would reflect the Army’s storied history, its values, and the service of the 30 million men and women who have worn its uniform,” said LTG Roger Schultz, USA (Ret.), President of the Army Historical Foundation, the nonprofit organization that campaigned to construct the museum.

博物馆占地84英亩（约339,936平米），横跨风光旖旎的弗吉尼亚州贝尔沃堡（Fort Belvoir）军事基地，这座通过“LEED银奖认证”的建筑包含一系列的展馆和适于举办特别活动的展厅等设施。SOM 对博物馆场地未来的设计规划还包括一座静逸的纪念花园、一个阅兵场和看台，以及一条带有解说站的陆军步道。建筑充分利用场地的自然地形，坐落在高原之上的场馆营造庄严肃穆的氛围。

Spanning 84 acres across the bucolic Fort Belvoir Military Installation in Virginia, the LEED Silver-certified museum is designed in a series of pavilions for exhibits and special events. Part of SOM’s design and planning for the future of the site also includes a quiet memorial garden, a parade field and grandstand, and an Army Trail with interpretive stations. The building, leveraging the site’s natural topography, rests atop a plateau to evoke a sense of monumentality.

▼博物馆鸟瞰，aerial view of the museum ©Courtesy of NMUSA

▼建筑与自然，营造庄严肃穆的氛围，architecture and nature evoking a sense of monumentality Photo Dave Burk © SOM

“象征主义和社区的营造是我们的设计核心。”SOM 设计合伙人Colin Koop表示，“我们希望创造一个退伍军人和家属能感受宾至如归的地方，同时建立一个全新的，具有国家意义的展览中心，建筑设计围绕这种意义传递了三种理念，即：纪律、谦逊和严谨。” “Symbolism and community were at the core of our design,” said SOM Design Partner Colin Koop. “We wanted to create a place where veterans and their families could feel at home, and establish a new center of national significance that would, in its architecture, express that very significance and evoke three ideals: discipline, modesty, and rigorousness.”

独特的观展体验从博物馆的入口处就已经开始，通过树木和大片的草坪，可以瞥见日光下熠熠生辉的不锈钢立面。博物馆的最高处达到100英尺（约30.5米），建筑立面由激光切割的不锈钢面板组成规则的网格，规整的形制给人纪律严谨的感觉，这也是设计的核心概念之一。

The symbolic experience begins with the access road, which offers a glimpse of the stainless steel-clad museum through the trees and across a long meadow. The museum rises to 100 feet at its peak, and its facade is composed of a regular grid of laser-cut, stainless steel panels that establish the sense of rigor and discipline that are central to the design.

▼博物馆入口远景，distanced view of the entrance ©Courtesy of NMUSA

▼入口，规整的立面给人以纪律严谨的感觉，entrance, regular facade establishing a sense of rigor and discipline Photo Dave Burk © SOM

▼通向入口的道路，设有长椅，passage connecting to the entrance with benches on one side ©Courtesy of NMUSA

这些不锈钢面板与建筑周围田园诗般的环境相得益彰——随着四季的变换和一天中的时间流逝，建筑的“色彩”不断变换，表达自己的独特美感，引发一种欣欣向荣的乐观情绪。在每个展馆的角落，内凹的玻璃面板与油漆涂层的铝翅交替辉映，增添一抹活力与亮色。由于建筑综合体位于一个每个面积为三英尺见方的网格系统上，建筑的每个连接点和边缘都精确地落脚在网格分区上，铝片间隔距离为18英寸（约45.7厘米），严丝合缝地嵌入面板的边缘。

The panels reflect their bucolic surroundings—expressing a sense of optimism by transforming the building’s character through every season and time of day. At the corner of each pavilion, recessed glass panels alternate with painted aluminum fins to add a sense of dynamism. Because the complex lies on a three-foot grid system, with every joint and edge of the building falling on each subdivision with precision, the aluminum fins are spaced 18 inches apart to fall exactly on the edges of the panels.

▼不锈钢面板细部，反射环境的颜色，closer view to the stainless steel panels reflecting the color of the environment ©up: Courtesy of NMUSA, below: SOM

▼连接点细部，closer view to the joints ©Courtesy of NMUSA

象征主义的设计在建筑内部继续延续。不锈钢塔柱如歌如泣地讲述着每一位士兵自己的故事，带领游客从步道穿越前厅，进入展厅。在可用作活动空间的宽敞大厅里，黑色花岗岩墙上列出美国陆军历史上的每一场战役，水磨石地板上则饰刻有美国陆军部的徽章。上方的方格天花板上有22排半透明的夹层玻璃面板，颜色与过去的陆军战役战旗颜色相匹配——同时将焦点聚集在士兵身上。

The symbolism continues inside. Stainless steel pylons sharing individual soldier stories lead visitors from the promenade, through the vestibule, and into the exhibition hall. In the grand lobby, which can be used as an event space, a black granite wall lists every campaign in the Army’s history, and the Department of the Army’s emblem is inscribed on the terrazzo floor. Above, a coffered ceiling with 22 rows of translucent, laminated glass panels match the colors of the campaign streamers from the Army’s past—bringing the focus to the individual soldier.

▼大堂，lobby ©up: Courtesy of NMUSA, below: Photo Dave Burk, SOM

▼黑色花岗岩墙上列出每一场战役，every campaign recorded on the black granite wall Photo Dave Burk © SOM

▼天花细部，与战旗颜色匹配，closer view to the ceiling, matching the colors of the campaign streamers Photo Dave Burk © SOM

大堂四周被零售商店、咖啡厅和博物馆总共三个景观露台中的其中一个所包围，甚至还包括一个300度的全景剧院。游客可由一座巨大的楼梯引领至二楼额外的展览空间。这些分布四周的博物馆空间都以天然建材建成，从石材地板到北美白橡木和灰饰面，无不给人以内心的温暖与放松。

The lobby is surrounded by retail, a cafe, the first of three landscaped terraces, and exhibition spaces, which include a 300-degree theater. A monumental staircase leads visitors to additional exhibition spaces on the second floor. Each of these surrounding spaces is characterized by natural materials, from stone floors to American white oak and ash finishes, to evoke a sense of warmth and relaxation.

▼巨大的楼梯，monumental staircase Photo Dave Burk © SOM

▼可以看到大厅的二层走廊，corridor on the second floor with view to the lobby Photo Dave Burk © SOM

▼天然材料带给人温暖放松的感觉，natural materials creating a warm and relaxing atmosphere ©SOM

▼全景剧院，300-degree theater ©Courtesy of NMUSA

▼展览区，exhibition area Photo Dave Burk © SOM

玻璃和木头材质的门槛连接每个展馆，在提供外部景观视野的同时标志展馆空间之间的过渡。三楼，一个充满阳光且以木材建成的退伍军人大厅成为一楼大厅的补充活动空间。这个空间提供通往“荣誉勋章花园”的连接通道，荣誉勋章花园是一座举办仪式的露台，设计灵感来自于获得勋章的将士所具有的精神：无畏、勇猛与果敢。在这里，一堵10英尺高的黑色花岗岩墙上刻着每一位受勋者的名字。脚下的条纹花岗岩路面与室内的方格天花板遥相呼应，并刻有美国陆军荣誉勋章徽章和不锈钢制的五角星。

Glass and wood thresholds connect each pavilion to signify transitions between spaces and provide views outside. On the third floor, a wood-clad Veterans’ Hall serves as a light-filled event space supplementing the lobby. This space connects to the Medal of Honor Garden, a ceremonial terrace inspired by the core traits of Medal of Honor recipients: intrepidity, gallantry, and valor. Here, a 10-foot-tall black granite wall is engraved with the names of every medal recipient. Underfoot, striped granite paving matches the interior’s coffered ceilings, and is emblazoned with the Army Medal of Honor’s emblem and stainless steel stars.

▼退伍军人大厅，Veterans‘ Hall ©Courtesy of NMUSA

▼木材建成的空间，space composed of wood ©Courtesy of NMUSA

“SOM 的设计在给人留下深刻印象的同时，确保博物馆也是一座绿色的可持续性建筑，这是设计团队应得的荣誉，也代表了我们共同的价值主张。” “SOM’s ability to produce such an impressive design while ensuring the museum is also green and sustainable is a credit to their team and representative of our shared values.”

美国国家陆军博物馆以多项可持续性设计荣获LEED银奖，这些设计特性包括增加的隔热性能、对玻璃反射效果的改进、高效能LED照明、自动日光控制系统和绿色环保屋顶等。以高度整合和积极主动的可持续性设计，SOM 设计的美国国家陆军博物馆最大限度地减少了项目对能源和水的消耗，为游客和工作人员创造健康空间的同时，让游客更积极地拥抱户外环境。

The building achieved LEED® Silver certification through a variety of sustainable features, such as increased insulation, improved glazing, high-efficiency LED lighting, automatic daylighting controls and occupancy sensors, and a green roof. Through SOM’s integrated, proactive approach toward sustainability, the museum minimizes the use of energy and water, creates healthy spaces for visitors and employees, and engages actively with the outdoor environment.

▼荣誉勋章花园，游客可以更加积极地拥抱户外环境，Medal of Honor Garden, visitors could engage actively with the outdoor environment ©Courtesy of NMUSA

▼夕阳下的博物馆，museum in the dusk ©Courtesy of NMUSA

项目地点：弗吉尼亚贝尔沃堡 用地面积：84英亩（约339,936平米） 项目面积：17,187平方米 建筑高度：100英尺（约30.5米） 类型：公共+政府、文化 完工时间：2020年 服务：建筑，设备工程，结构+土木工程，可持续性设计，城市设计+规划