北极星学校，印度 / Shanmugam Associates

“学校可以让生命更加快乐和丰富，让学生安心探索自己的成长方向。”这是北极星学校的办学愿景，这个进步机构希望改变整个教育的生态。业主最基本的需求是用建筑塑造每个儿童的经历。项目基地位于一片17.8英亩的荒芜土地的东南角，与Rajkot-Bhavnagar高速公路边的RK大学相邻。

“School is an enjoyable and enriching part of life where students can safely explore their True North” – reads the vision of The Northstar School, a progressive institution established to transform the educational ecosystem. The client’s initial brief was that, a very important part of every child’s experience in Northstar be shaped by architecture. The project sits on the south eastern corner of a 17.8-acre barren site located adjoining the RK University campus on Rajkot- Bhavnagar highway.

▼项目外观，external view of the project ©Ishita Sitwala

印度西北部为半干旱气候，风沙肆虐，每年只有20~30天的雨季，RK大学会向此供应处理后的废水。整个项目包含三期工程，目前只有一期完工。规划注重走廊的开放性，建筑朝向和未来发展。建筑的主要功能集中在地面层和二层，方便儿童使用。

The semi-arid climate of north-west India, dusty yet windy site conditions, 20- 30 days of monsoons in Rajkot and supply of STP water from RK University were influential contextual pointers. Overall master planning was conceived integrating three phases of development of which only Phase -1 is built. Open- ended corridors, building orientation and future development were factored into the overall planning. Key functions are accommodated in ground and first floors to keep the built space child friendly.

▼设计生成和气候分析，design development and climate analysis ©Shanmugam Associates

▼项目外观，主要功能集中在地面层和二层，external view of the project with main functions accommodated in ground and first floor ©Ishita Sitwala

在结构工程师的帮助下，二层体块轻盈地落在地面层之上，包含一个可容纳250人的多功能厅。悬挑的结构形成了入口走廊厚重的屋顶，人们走过时就会发现其存在。

With due credits to the structural engineer, the massing on the second floor sits lightly on the floor below and houses a 250-persons capacity multipurpose hall. The structure visually creates a presence as one walks along the heavily canopied main entry walkway.

▼悬挑的二层体块遮盖入口处的步道，cantilevered volume of the first floor creating cover for the entrance walkway ©Ishita Sitwala

▼悬挑的体块起到遮阳作用，cantilevered volume blocking the sun light ©Ishita Sitwala

在立面之外，项目一层设置了镂空砖表皮，二层设有一层爬藤植物，允许自然光进入的同时遮挡沙尘，保证安全。立面材料的选择主要考虑了以下几点。首先，材料是当地的；其次，材料为泥土色调，体现慈善机构的特点，经济耐用。最终，建筑师选择使用Bella，这是一种天然的硬质石灰石，呈陶土色，与周边已有的建筑融合在一起。

A secondary skin – Jalli in ground floor and an ambitious creeper screen in first floor, has been planned in all floors to allow natural light, shield dust and provide security. When exploring material for the façade, the criteria was for it to be locally available, have an earthy tone, reflect an institutional character and be economical. Bella, a natural hard lime stone in terracotta color, has been used to blend the built form with existing surroundings.

▼地面层设有镂空砖表面，二层立面外爬满植物，hollow brick skin on the ground floor and creeper screen in first floor ©Ishita Sitwala

▼两种表皮细部，details of the two skins ©Ishita Sitwala

项目主要的目的是找到让儿童在自然中学习的方式。学校最基本的单元是教室。因此，设计从单独的教室模块开始，在其中设置了私密的花园和露天庭院，通风良好。该模块反复出现，组成了整座建筑。每两间教室之间设有一个较大的花园，容易被大家看到，可作为表演空间使用，或在此向教室发出指示。

The primary intent was to find ways to learn with nature. The fundamental unit of schools are classrooms. So, the design process started in programming a single classroom module with cross ventilation, its own private garden and an open to sky jallied courtyard. This module was iterated to arrive from a part to a whole. Between two classrooms is a larger garden that is easily monitored, has a performance space and provisions for conducting classes.

▼教室模块分析图，analysis of the classroom modules ©Shanmugam Associates

▼教室模块，classroom module ©Ishita Sitwala

▼教室之间的庭院，courtyard between the classroom modules ©Ishita Sitwala

建筑师从Gujarat的梯井中获得灵感，设置了一个中心庭院连接每个模块中的所有空间，并将其复制到了每期项目之中。中央庭院呈阶梯式，种满植物，可以用来举行更大规模的集会，或作为交通空间使用。舞台与庭院整合在一起，花池与藤蔓环绕，学生和老师可以在此表演。

Drawing inspiration from stepped wells of Gujarat, a central courtyard ties all the spaces within each module and is replicated in all phases. This central stepped and vegetated courtyard serves for larger gatherings as a multi-purpose space and for circulation. Integrated within the courtyard amidst the green pockets, creepers and vines is a stage, that is used by children or staff to perform.

▼阶梯式中央庭院，stepped central courtyard ©Ishita Sitwala

▼庭院中种有各种各样的植物，various plants in the courtyard ©Ishita Sitwala

随着时间流逝，北极星学校的建筑渐渐老化，景观将占据主导地位，为空间增添活力。目前，一只印度雕鸮正居住在一段废弃的管道中，gulmohar树在主要人行入口处形成了一条红毯。北极星的园艺课程鼓励学生了解植物的重要性。校园的设计希望探索当代设计与本地材料结合的可能性，利用地域特色塑造建筑形式，寻找简单的方法解决复杂的设计问题。

Architecture at The Northstar School has been planned such that as the building ages, landscape adds in more life into the space therefore taking ownership. Presently, an Indian owl resides in an unused truncated duct, the gulmohar trees lay a red carpet for the main pedestrian entry and Northstar’s horticulture program engages the learners on importance of flora & fauna. The design foundations at Northstar lie on ideologies of exploring contemporary design with local material, using regional references to define built form and finding simplistic solutions for complex design problems.

▼通透的室内空间，transparent interior space ©Ishita Sitwala

▼走廊，corridor ©Ishita Sitwala

▼植物为建筑带来更多生机，vegetation bringing more life to the architecture ©Ishita Sitwala

▼总平面图，site plan ©Shanmugam Associates

▼一层平面图，ground floor plan ©Shanmugam Associates

▼二层平面图，first floor plan ©Shanmugam Associates

▼立面图，elevation ©Shanmugam Associates

Completion Year: 2017 Gross Built Area: 33,000 sqft Project location: Rajkot, Gujarat Lead Architects: Raja Krishnan, Santhosh Shanmugam, Shanmugam A Lead Architects e-mail: krishnan@shanmugamassociates.in, santhosh@shanmugamassociates.in

Design Team: Raja Krishnan, Santhosh Shanmugam, Balasubramanian, Manish Bokdia, Vimala Clients: Mohit Patel Engineering: Jayant Laklani, Laklani Associates, Landscape: Sandip Patil, Tapan Modi, Earthscapes Consultancy Private Ltd Collaborators: Gudgudee- Playground Design