“白日梦”校舍，美国 / Cushing Terrell

Cushing Terrell受到委托，在位于蒙大拿州Fishtail外一片约1.2万英亩的Tippet Rise艺术中心，给一位雕塑家的在地项目打造一座可用作“背景板”的建筑。项目的要求十分简单：复刻一幢十九世纪末期蒙大拿州的单间校舍，为由树苗制成的雕塑提供一个更具保护性的内部空间。这一举动旨在为国际知名的艺术家Patrick Dougherty提供一些创作灵感，以协助他完成最终的场地响应雕塑。

▼项目概览，project overall view © Karl Neumann

该项目位于一个正常运作的牧场，在施工过程中需要尽量减少对景观的干扰。这涉及到保持较小的工作场地面积，并使用如玉米粒喷砂来风化外部木材等环保的解决方案。由于室内几乎没有灯光，也没有机械或管道系统，项目对周遭环境和生态系统的影响几乎可以忽略不计。

Situated on a working ranch, it was important the project be constructed with minimize disturbance of the landscape. This involved maintaining a small job site footprint and using eco-friendly solutions such as corncob grit blasting for weathering the exterior wood. With few interior lights and no mechanical or plumbing systems, the project has a negligible impact on its environment and a relatively passive inhabitant of the ecosystem.

▼侧面视角，side view © Travis Estvold

▼雕塑攀附在房屋外部，the sculpture clings to the outside of the house © Karl Neumann

▼与周围环境和谐相融，blend in with the surrounding © Travis Estvold

团队所面临的最困难的任务是确定雕塑所需的保护程度，同时创造出一个看起来像是被百年风雨侵蚀过的建筑。Dougherty的作品是采用原生树苗来创作的，因此会随着时间的流逝而不断退化。于是，他请求设计团队提供一种防止内部渗水的方法，以最大限度地延长雕塑的生命周期。而如何让新的建筑拥有历经百年的老校舍般的特殊色泽，成为了团队面临的一大挑战。

The most difficult task for this project was determining the level of protection needed for the sculpture while creating a building that looked as if it was battered by a century of weather. Dougherty creates ephemeral sculptures out of native saplings, so long-term deterioration of his work was assumed. However, he requested the design team determine a way to protect the interior from water infiltration so as to maximize the potential for its longevity. The challenge became how best to give new construction the stable patina of a more than 100-year-old schoolhouse.

▼被雕塑占满的小屋入口，the entrance to the hut is filled with sculptures © Karl Neumann

▼雕塑盘踞在室内空间，the sculpture occupies the interior space © Karl Neumann

▼光线透过缝隙照进室内，the light filtered through the aperture into the room © Jimmy Talarico

团队通过将丙烯酸板夹在两层木板之间来制造出带破损感的屋顶，从而让自然光可以透过外壳上那些肉眼难见的缝隙照进室内。其次，他们还需要创造出与附近历史悠久的Stockade校舍相适应的内外部饰面。第一步，是详细记录Stockade的细节：油漆的层次；遭受不同程度的水侵蚀后形成的微妙变色；被拆除后的内置架子的 “记忆”；以及一排曾经支撑着瓦片的锈迹斑斑的铁钉。

One element the team wanted to preserve was the look of a deteriorated roof allowing natural light to filter into the interior through gaps in the skip sheathing. This was achieved by sandwiching acrylic sheets between two layers of 1x planks in a seamless application invisible to the untrained eye. A secondary challenge was creating interior and exterior finishes closely matched to those of nearby historic Stockade Schoolhouse. The first step in achieving this was thoroughly documenting the details of Stockade — noting layers of paint and elements of detailed deterioration such as subtle discoloration from differential rates of water damage, ghosted “memories” of since-removed built-in shelving, and rows of rusted nails once holding shingles.

▼带破损感的建筑细节，architectural details with a sense of breakage © Karl Neumann

▼黑板，blackboard © Travis Estvold

第二步是与客户和承包商一起审查全面的模拟模型，以确定最佳的饰面技术 “配方”。在整个项目中，有一个愿意进行实验的承包商非常重要。最后一步是对施工管理的亲身实践：与Tippet Rise的工作人员一起排查细节并对最终的方案进行调整，而承包商则需要在每一个环节上下足功夫。

该项目的大部分工程历时6个月：项目于1月启动，6月底完成了大部分的施工，Dougherty的安装工作则从7月4日开始（持续三周）。为了加快完工速度，墙体在附近的博兹曼预制好，然后运到现场进行安装。

The second step was reviewing full-scale mockups with the client and contractor to determine the best “recipe” of finish techniques. The importance of having a contractor who was willing to experiment throughout the project cannot be understated. The final step was a hands-on approach to construction administration, walking through subtle details and tweaks to the finished recipe with Tippet Rise staff, while the contractor worked on each element.

The bulk of the project spanned a quick six months: the project originated in January with substantial construction completed by the end of June, with Dougherty’s installation beginning the Fourth of July weekend (and lasting three weeks). To speed completion, the walls were pre-fabricated in nearby Bozeman, and shipped to the installation site.

▼夜幕降临，nightfall © Karl Neumann

Project team Cushing Terrell (architecture and engineering) Patrick Dougherty (artist) DCI Engineers (structural engineering) JxM & Associates (general contractor)