南开大学海冰楼，天津 / 直向建筑

南开大学海冰楼是由南开大学校友周海冰先生捐赠智德基金专款而建。目的是为南开大学八里台老校区的师生、校友提供一处集会、展览、教学和培训等多功能的文化活动场所。

对于我们而言，能在一个如此鲜活的，具备真实的时间痕迹的学校场地里设计一座房子，是一次可贵的机会，也是一次挑战。

Haibing Center of Nankai University was made possible by a special fund donated by Nankai alumnus Mr. Zhou Haibing. The building aims to provide this old campus with a multi-functional cultural space for students, faculties and alumni.

As well as being used for teaching, the building is also capable of hosting conferences and exhibitions. For us, it was not only a valuable opportunity, but also a challenge to design and complete a building on a site both lively and imprinted with the real passage of time.

▼鸟瞰图，Aerial View ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼场地平面图，Site Location ©直向建筑

▼项目模型，Project Model ©直向建筑

The site is flanked by water on both sides. The site is flanked by water on both sides, the east side facing Horseshoe Lake, on the central axis of the original Republic of China-era campus dating from a hundred years ago. The west side faces the manmade Xinkai Lake, excavated during later campus expansion in the post-Liberation era. These two artificial bodies of water differ significantly in their atmosphere, scale, vegetation and daylighting environment. Their respective styles reflect a rich sociopolitical and cultural legacy.

Amid these are the remnants of a large dining hall built in 1952, which is enclosed by red brick walls and a shallow vaulted roof. Along the Horseshoe Lake, the mottled red brick wall and a line of towering Alamo trees evoked for us nostalgic memories of Chinese universities of the 1950s and 60s.

▼大礼堂原貌，Original Dining Hall  Vector Architects ©直向建筑

▼废弃的大礼堂内景，Interior of the Abandoned Dining Hall ©直向建筑

新的建筑如何回应东西两片湖水，怎么最大程度保留树木并处理和它们的关系，以什么样的方式对待现存的大礼堂，是设计一开始我们考虑的核心问题。

因为大礼堂建筑并非法规保护类建筑遗产，我们针对大礼堂现状存留相对完整的东墙、南墙进行加固、保留和局部修缮，并在施工过程中采取必要的临时支撑措施。针对因为之前的几次加建改建破损严重的北墙进行复建，同样破损严重的西墙由建筑师在新的空间设计中统一考虑。

相对整体拆除或拆除复建，这种“尽量多留”的新旧结合的方式会让场地上多一些的真实的历史信息得以存留，也无形中为沿大礼堂外墙分布的大杨树提供了存活的保障。

▼设计手绘，Sketch ©直向建筑

▼施工状态，Construction Process ©直向建筑

The core issues we considered at the start of the design process were how the new building could respond to both these two bodies of water as well as to the original red brick dining hall, while as much as possible preserving the existing trees and their relationship to the site.

The original dining hall wasn’t really subject to architectural heritage protection regulations, so we focused on preserving, reinforcing and partially repairing the relatively intact east and south walls of the dining hall. During the process of construction, we implemented a series of temporary bracing measures for the original walls. We rebuilt the north wall, which was severely damaged due to previous renovations and additions.

As for the similarly damaged west wall, we redesigned it so that it was integrated with the new space. Compared to a strategy of whole scale demolition and rebuilding, a philosophy focusing on preservation helped us to unite the new with the old in a more authentic way, maintaining the actual history of the location. Additionally, it enabled us to retain the mature trees around the perimeter of the old structure.

▼从空中展廊下看向海冰楼南立面， View under the Gallery to the Original South Facade ©苏圣亮 / 直向建筑

为了充分利用空间的高度，同时降解高耸空间的尺度，在通高大厅四周我们设置了一圈类似回马廊的夹层空间，未来会是一个可以提供饮料、咖啡的休息场所。夹层空间采取了相对轻盈的钢结构，一端固定在大礼堂老墙后方的混凝土加固层上，另一端则是通过钢索悬挂在通高大厅被巨柱支撑的结构顶板边缘。

▼从回马廊下看向通高大厅，View under the Suspended Cloister to the Grand Hall ©苏圣亮 / 直向建筑

▼从回马廊看向千人会堂，View from the Suspended Cloister to the Multi-functional Auditorium ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

In terms of layout, we worked from the scale and open plan of the original dining hall, dividing the space into a central grand hall and a 1000-capacity multi-functional auditorium. Between these two spaces we installed a full height soundproof movable partition wall. This wall can be used to divide or open up the space according to future needs.

The grand hall is the tallest vertical space of the building. To the eastern Horseshoe Lake, southern public plaza and western Xinkai Lake, we located entrances. In this way, the grand hall can serve as a space for connection and convergence within the overall layout. The 15 meter tall grand hall is capped by a concrete roof slab that is supported by four large pillars. In the cross section, the pillars narrow and widen in two directions with height, implying the load borne by the structural components and giving the space a directionality at various heights.

In order to make full use of the space’s height, while at the same time mediating the overwhelming effect of the scale, we designed a cloister mezzanine along four sides of the grand hall. It might function as a leisure space in which students can relax and enjoy a cup of coffee. We deployed a comparatively light steel structure for this mezzanine space. One side of the structure is affixed to the concrete reinforcement attached to the back of the original brick wall, and the other side is suspended by steel rope from the edge of the grand hall roof supported by the giant pillars.

▼从通高大厅看向新开湖，View from Grand Hall to the Xinkai Lake ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼从回马廊看向通高大厅，View from the Suspended Cloister to the Grand Hall ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼从回马廊向西看，View from the Suspended Cloister to west  ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼设计手绘，Design Sketch ©苏圣亮 / 直向建筑

Outside the southern entrance to the grand hall, we designed a small public plaza, enclosed on three sides. The plaza opens out onto Horseshoe Lake to the east and incorporates the southern wall of the dining hall as its northern boundary.

Its western and southern interfaces are framed by newly constructed volumes raised up at different heights above the ground. The newly constructed western volume opens up at the first floor, visually and spatially linking the plaza with Xinkai Lake. Adjacent to it, the southern volume is raised up from the ground at a double-story height, connecting the plaza with the campus’ main artery, Dazhong Road, and forming a visual frame of the old façade for visitors approaching from the direction of Dazhong Road.

This raised volume functions as a gallery encircled by the treetops, making it into a kind of mid-air walkway.

▼小型公共广场，Public Plaza ©苏圣亮 / 直向建筑

▼从南端校园广场看向大中路，View from the Southern Plaza to Dazhong Road ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼空中展廊，Sky Gallery ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼从大中路望向海冰楼，View from Dazhong Road to the Haibing Center ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼空中展廊内景，Interior of Sky Gallery ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼设计手绘，Sketch ©直向建筑

The west side facing Xinkai Lake provides an expansive view that suggests the scale of the campus. Acting as a sort of response, the building on this side establishes a serene horizontal elevation stretching out in harmony with the parallel body of water.

The western volume rests on a single story height piloti, forming an internal colonnade. Taking advantage of the limited depth of space, we located classrooms, medium and small sized conference halls, circulation cores, restrooms and other service spaces.

In the narrow three story height “canyon” space between the western volume and the original western wall of the old dining hall, a straight staircase vertically threads together various programs at different levels.

In comparison to the simple and uniform volume at the Xinkai Lake side, the part along the Horseshoe Lake side appears to be a more dispersed cluster, as befits the more intimate scale and more richly layered space of Horseshoe Lake within the campus.

▼新开湖远景，Distant View from Lakeshore ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼新开湖畔敞廊，Colonnade along the Xinkai Lake ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼新开湖畔敞廊和滨湖空间，Colonnade along the Xinkai Lake and its Lakeshore ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼新开湖畔南端敞廊和滨湖空间，Colonnade South End and Lakeshore ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼临湖展廊，Lakeshore Gallery ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼旋转楼梯与天井，Spiral Staircase and Atrium ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼三层走廊，Third Floor Hallway ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼三层走廊与“峡谷”空间，Third Floor Hallway and Light Atrium ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼三层走廊南端，South End of Third Floor Hallway ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼三层公共空间与光井，Third Floor Hallway and Light Atrium ©苏圣亮 / 直向建筑

▼从三层走廊看向通高空间，View from the Third Floor to the Atrium ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼智德基金办公室内景，Interior View of the Zhide Foundation Office ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

On top of the old dining hall, between the upper section of the southern grand hall and the northern multi-functional conference hall, is an outdoor rooftop garden. This courtyard in mid-air is enclosed on three sides by functional spaces of the building.

On the east side facing Horseshoe Lake, we chose to install a transparent glass facade. In our vision, this is the most peaceful/tranquil spot in Haibing Center – a place where, under the open sky, surrounded by treetops, you can hear indistinctly the sounds of campus life, people talking and walking around.

▼从电梯厅看向屋顶花园，View from Elevator Hall to Roof Terrace ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼屋顶花园，Roof Garden ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼从空中展廊看向海冰楼弧墙，View from Sky Gallery to the Original Arc Wall of South Facade ©苏圣亮 / 直向建筑

场地内部与周围树木繁茂，具有良好的景观视野，所以我们在海冰楼的外墙材料选择上，除了大礼堂的红砖墙，大量运用了通透的玻璃外墙。为了降低抵御直射阳光造成的能耗负担，设计之初，在所有玻璃的外侧，设置了铜色的金属遮阳网系统。但在工程后期，由于工期的压力，除了新开湖的西侧方向，其余大部分遮阳网被取消，这是这个项目的遗憾之处。▼结构细部手绘，Structure Detail Sketch ©直向建筑

Because the site and its surrounding area have numerous lush trees, creating a pleasantly aesthetic surrounding landscape, we decided to use clear glass as the major material for the façade. Only the red brick of the old dining hall was kept.

In order to reduce the energy consumption associated with direct sunlight, we originally designed a copper mesh skin as a sunshade affixed to the glass façade. Unfortunately, due to the pressure from the completion schedule in the later phase of construction, we had to modify the original design which applied a double skin to the whole building, and only utilized this feature on the Xinkai Lake section, much to our regret.

▼西立面双层幕墙与新开湖滨湖空间，Metal Mesh Double-Skin Facade of West Elevation and Lakeshore ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼项目模型，Project Model ©直向建筑

对我们而言，南开大学海冰楼是一次针对场地的空间设计尝试。我们希望通过新的空间植入，在延续老校园的肌理进化，尊重校园自然环境的基础上，去激发积极的、有品质的当代校园公共生活。

For us, Haibing Center is an attempt to build a spatial response particular to a specific site. We hope that this newly implanted space will further stimulate a positive and high quality modern campus lifestyle in a way that respects the natural environment while retaining the texture of the old campus.

▼鸟瞰图，Aerial View ©陈颢 / 直向建筑

▼一层平面图，First Floor Plan ©直向建筑

▼二层平面图，Second Floor Plan ©直向建筑

▼三层平面图，Third Floor Plan ©直向建筑

▼剖面图，Sections ©直向建筑

▼墙身节点图，Wall Detail ©直向建筑

南开大学海冰楼

地理位置：天津市南开区卫津路94号，中国

建筑/室内/景观设计：直向建筑 主持建筑师：董功 项目建筑师： 张菡 合作建筑师：郭廖辉 驻场建筑师：张力文、李锦腾 项目成员：冯超颖、陶巍、张力文、李锦腾、马小凯、赵亮亮、陈振强、王坚、张益修、陈功、Edward Evva

合作设计院：建研科技股份有限公司 合作设计院项目建筑师： 杨冰莲 合作设计院建筑师：许玮

结构设计：肖从真、储德文、毛彦喆、赵爽 机电设计：张鹏（水）、周传勇（暖）、李晓飞（电）、党建（电） 灯光顾问：栋梁国际照明设计中心有限公司 幕墙顾问：佑荣•索福恩（天津）建筑咨询有限公司

业主：南开大学、南开大学智德基金

结构类型：框架-剪力墙结构框架结构钢框架结构 建筑材料： 清水混凝土、钢、金属网、玻璃、砖 建筑面积：6662 平方米 （地上5900 平方米、地下762平方米） 占地面积：8212 平方米 设计周期：2017年7月-2018年11月 建设周期：2018年4月-2019年9月

摄影：陈颢、苏圣亮

Haibing Center of Nankai University

Location: No.93, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China

Architectural/ Interior/ Landscape Design: Vector Architects Design Principal: Dong Gong Project Architect: Zhang Han Collaborate Architect: Guo Liaohui Site Architect: Zhang Liwen，Li Jinteng Design Team: Feng Chaoying, Tao Wei, Zhang Liwen, Li Jinteng, Ma Xiaokai, Zhao Liangliang, Chen Zhenqiang, Wang Jian, Chang IHsiu, Chen Gong, Edward Evva

Structural & MEP Engineering: China Academy of Building Research LDI Project Architect: Yang Binglian LDI Architect: Xu Wei Structural Design: Xiao Congzhen, Chu Dewen, Mao Yanzhe, Zhao Shuang Mechanical & Electrical Design: Zhang Peng, Zhou Chuanyong, Li Xiaofei, Dang Jian Lighting Consultant: Toryo International Lighting Design Center Facade Consultant: JoRon Sofron Architectural Consulting Co.,Ltd.

Client: Nankai University, Zhide Foundation of Nankai University

Structure: Frame-shear wall structure frame structure steel frame structure

Material: Fair-faced Concrete, Steel, Metal Mesh, Glass, Brick

Building Area: 6662m2 (above ground 5 900㎡/ underground 762㎡)

Design Period: 2017.07–2018.11

Construction Period: 2018.04–2019.09

Photograph: Chen Hao, Su Shengliang