哈拉曼高铁站，沙特阿拉伯 / Foster + Partners

哈拉曼高速铁路长450公里，连接了沙特阿拉伯的几个主要城市，包括麦加、麦地那、吉达和阿卜杜拉国王经济城（KAEC）。作为通向每个城市的门户，沿线的4个车站采用了以当地传统建筑为灵感的设计，在日照强烈的城市中提供了荫蔽的空间，同时也为沙特阿拉伯的可持续运输系统创造了新的核心基础设施。

Haramain High-speed is the 450-kilometre high-speed rail link between the major Saudi Arabian cities of Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah and KAEC. The four stations along the route – conceived as gateways to each city – are inspired by the ancient architectural traditions of the region and provide a shaded retreat from the sun while creating a new infrastructural spine for sustainable transport in Saudi Arabia.

▼吉达高铁站，Jeddah Station ©Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

每个车站采用模块化的方法建造，并采用了一致的设计元素。由钢柱和拱构成的独立树状结构被重复运用在正方形网格上，共同连接成灵活的拱形屋顶，这一设计参考了当地许多传统建筑中常见的柱廊。每个车站的拱顶选用了不同的延伸，以呼应不同的城市身份。

The stations are built using a modular approach, with design elements that are common to all stations along the route. The steel columns and arches form freestanding structural trees that are repeated on a square grid and connect to form a flexible vaulted roof, inspired by the colonnades found in many traditional buildings in the region. The vaults in each station are of a different colour, responding to the identity of the different cities.

▼麦地那高铁站外观局部，Madinah station exterior partial view ©Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

四个车站在高峰时段每小时可运输多达2万名乘客。空间布局遵循了旅途的方向，能够直观地将乘客引导至车站。室内空间的高度几乎没有变化，同时阻隔了来自沙漠的热空气。拱形屋顶和墙壁上设有小型孔洞，在中央大厅投下光束，在控制强烈眩光的同时创造出一个安静、明亮且具有独特氛围的环境。悬挂在拱顶之间的环形大吊灯提供了重点照明，平衡了屋顶与大厅层之间的尺度关系，同时凸显出建筑结构所包含的韵律。

The stations are designed to serve up to 20,000 passengers per hour at their peak. Therefore, the arrangement of spaces follows the direction of travel, and helps passengers navigate the stations intuitively, with few level changes and the interior spaces provide respite from the heat of the desert. The vaulted roof and walls contain small openings that draw beams of daylight down to the concourse level, carefully controlling the intense glare from the sun and creating a calm, atmospheric and well-lit environment. Spherical chandeliers, suspended between the arches, provide focused lighting, mediating between the scale of the roof and concourse level and accentuating the rhythm of the structure.

▼拱形屋顶和墙壁上的孔洞在中央大厅投下光束，the vaulted roof and walls contain small openings that draw beams of daylight down to the concourse level ©Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

▼车站外的柱廊，the colonnade outside the station ©Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

▼吊灯细部，spherical chandelier detail ©Ruben Bescos

项目的主要挑战之一是，车站的设计和施工均完全独立于土建工程和轨道安装，因此团队在车站的设计和工作流程方面经过了细致的规划，以保证土建工程能够同时进行。除了运营和结构上的灵活性之外，这些车站还提供了与其他城市交通网的无缝连接——尤其是吉达地铁（同样是由Foster + Partners设计）与其周边的区域。

One of the primary challenges in the project was that the design and construction of the stations was carried out completely independent of the civil works and track installation. Therefore, the stations were designed, and workflows planned, to allow civil works to continue in parallel. In addition to operational and structural flexibility, the stations also offer seamless connections to other intracity transport networks, particularly with the Jeddah Metro – also designed by Foster + Partners – as well as the developments surrounding the stations.

▼站台层，platform level ©Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

可持续性是贯穿该项目的一个重要主题。车站建筑是基于降低体感温度的原则进行设计的——环境温度从车站外部到站台层逐渐降低，并且无需机械化的整体制冷系统。车站内的温度保持在28摄氏度，站台设有大型风扇和喷雾装置，有助于保持空气凉爽。环绕着玻璃立面的镂空屏墙也能够降低室温，乘客们还可以透过它瞥见户外的景象。

Sustainability is an important theme that runs through the project. The station buildings are designed based on principles of felt temperature reduction – from outside the station to the platform, the ambient temperatures get progressively lower without the need for mechanical cooling throughout. Inside the station, the temperature is maintained at 28˚C and the platforms have large fans and misting devices that help keep the area cool. Mashrabiyas enveloping the glazed façades also help reduce the interior temperatures, while allowing glimpses out of the station.

▼站台设有大型风扇和喷雾装置，the platforms have large fans and misting devices that help keep the area cool ©Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

新的车站旨在满足不断增长的乘客量（预计年乘客量将从6000万增长至1.35亿）。列车的运行速度最高可达300公里/小时，这也让麦加和麦地那之间的行程时间将缩短至仅2小时20分钟。

The stations are designed to accommodate the growing passenger demand, from an initially anticipated 60 million to 135 million passengers per year. With trains running at a max speed of 300 kilometres per hour, the travel time between Makkah and Madinah will be cut down to just 2 hours 20 minutes.

▼麦地那高铁站夜景，Madinah station night view ©Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

▼麦加车站平面图，Makkah station plan ©Foster + Partners

▼麦加车站剖面图，Makkah station section ©Foster + Partners

▼麦地那车站平面图，Madinah station plan ©Foster + Partners

▼麦地那车站剖面图，Madinah station section ©Foster + Partners

▼吉达车站平面图，Jeddah station plan ©Foster + Partners

▼吉达车站剖面图，Jeddah station section ©Foster + Partners

▼阿卜杜拉国王经济城车站平面图，KAEC station plan ©Foster + Partners

▼阿卜杜拉国王经济城车站剖面图，KAEC station section ©Foster + Partners

Appointment: 2009 Completion: 2019 Area: 320,000m² Capacity: 50 million passengers per annum Client: Saudi Railways Organisation Collaborating Architect: Buro Happold Quantity Surveyor: Davis Langdon Landscape Architect: Capita Lovejoy Lighting Engineer: Jason Bruges