巴黎第六大学朱西厄校园东区改造丨法国巴黎丨法国AS建筑工作室

二十世纪建筑遗产Twentieth-century Architectural Heritage

朱西厄校园位于巴黎著名的拉丁区，作为欧洲顶级的科学类大学校园之一，占地六公顷，规模堪比卢浮宫。建筑师爱德华·阿尔贝于1964年接受委托，项目最初的方案使用了名为”Gril“的6*6网格模式，力图打造一座大尺度的模块化建筑，虽然并未完全建成，但严谨的几何形式和其中丰富的艺术作品还是让它成为70年代现代建筑的标志性作品。

Located in the prestigious Latin Quarter of Paris, the Jussieu Campus is one of the top scientific university campuses in Europe, covering six hectares of educational infrastructure on a scale comparable to that of the Louvre. The project was originally proposed by architect Edouard Albert, who was commissioned in 1964 to create a large-scale modular design using the 6*6 grid pattern known as "Gril". Although construction of the campus was halted in 1972, the geometric rigour of the form and the diversity of the artwork within it made it a symbol of the modern architecture of the 1970s. 

校园停工后在1972年成为初创的巴黎第六大学的主校区。巴黎第六大学，正式名称为皮埃尔和玛丽居里大学，前身是巴黎大学的科学院和医学院。随着设施的老化和防火材料石棉相关的风险，校园从2000年开始了一个长达15年的更新和重建计划，法国AS建筑工作室从2008年的竞赛中获胜，负责领导校园东部区域的翻新与扩建工作。

The campus became the main campus of the fledgling University of Paris VI in 1972. The University of Paris VI, officially known as the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, was formerly the School of Sciences and the School of Medicine of the University of Paris. With ageing facilities and risks associated with asbestos in fireproofing materials, a fifteen-year regeneration program began in 2000, with architecturestudio winning the 2008 competition to lead the refurbishment and expansion of the eastern sector of the campus.

© Antonie Duhamel

向城市开放的校园A Campus Open To The City

项目一个关键挑战是向城市开放，改变原本板式结构给人留下的封闭印象，并与周边建筑、塞纳河和植物园形成互动的城市系统。工作室在校园边缘创造了一系列联结空间和景观绿地，弱化主体建筑金属立面冰冷的感觉。改造从主入口及扎曼斯基塔楼所在的中心广场开始，原主入口的台阶被拆除后引入平缓的坡度，构建无障碍的行人专用步道，可通至地铁站。中心广场中的步道，结合对流线优先级的分析，利用绿植重新建立了清晰有序的人行通道。

A challenge of the project was to expose the campus to the city, to change the impression of closure created by the original slab structure, and to form an interactive urban system with the surrounding buildings, such as the Seine River and the botanical gardens. The studio created a series of connective spaces and landscaped green spaces at the edge of the campus to soften the coldness of the metal façades of the main buildings. The transformation begins at the main entrance and the central square where the Zamansky tower is located. The original steps of the main entrance were removed and a gentle gradient was introduced to create an accessible pedestrian walkway that leads to the metro station.  The approach in the central square, combined with an analysis of flow priorities, was redefined with greenery to create a clear and orderly pedestrian path.

© Antonie Duhamel

在原始严肃的正交网格中，重复的建筑元素让人容易在校园中失去方向感。工作室加入新的元素作为参考点，会议中心、图书馆、艺术亭等造型各异的公共功能空间串联在优化后的人行轴线上，方便师生到达校园各处。地上两层柱廊空间的修复和改造增加了底层的通透性和采光，进一步提升了建筑的品质。

People may easily lose their sense of direction on campus due to the repetition of architectural elements in the original and serious orthogonal grid. The studio added new features as reference points. The conference centre, library, art pavilion and other public functional spaces of different shapes are stringed together on an optimised pedestrian axis, making it easy for teachers and students to reach all parts of the campus. The restoration and remodelling of the collonaded spaces on the two ground floors increase the permeability and sunlight of the ground floor, further enhancing the performance of the building.

 © architecturestudio

横向置入公共功能Transversal Public Functions 

地下会议中心所在的庭院连接着校园主要的公共功能区，在ETFE膜轻质采光顶的保护下， 自然地成为了一个全天候的聚会场所。轻微起伏的石阶暗示着会议中心的存在，玻璃亭则清晰地标识出通往地下会议中心的入口，造型类似精致的折纸作品，与屋顶的形制相呼应。

The underground conference centre is located in a courtyard that connects the main public areas of the campus and is protected by a lightweight ETFE membrane roof, making it a natural all-weather meeting place. Slightly elevated stone steps hint at the presence of the conference centre, while a glass kiosk marks the entrance to the underground conference centre, forming a delicate origami piece that echoes the form of the roof.

 © Luc Boegly

作为举办国际活动的重要设施，500座的会议中心在拆除原始庭院后，置于一个完全防水的混凝土外壳内，外壳建造在阻尼器上，以完美阻隔地铁的噪音影响。精致的材料赋予了空间庄严的氛围，天花板利用微妙的开口将所有通风与照明设备收入其中。

As an important facility for conferences and events, the 500-seat conference centre was placed, after the demolition of the original courtyard, inside a completely waterproof concrete shell built on dampers to block the noise impact of the metro perfectly. Exquisite materials give the space a stately atmosphere, and the ceiling takes advantage of subtle openings to incorporate all ventilation and lighting.

图书馆位于中部两个庭院的负一层，总面积2000平方米，采光是设计的重点。平缓的绿色屋顶从两端升起，侧面的玻璃幕墙的除了提供广阔的视野，也同时为公共的阅读区域提供充足的自然采光，光线在一天中也随着时间变化而变化。侧面的凹室和供小组使用的单间也通过顶部开窗解决了白天的照明问题。

The library is located on the ground floor of the two central courtyards, with a total area of 2,000 square metres, where light is a key focus of the design. The gently sloping green roof rises from both ends and the side glazed walls provide extensive views as well as plenty of natural light for the communal reading areas, which vary with the time of day. Side alcoves and single rooms for small groups are also illuminated during the day by overhead windows.

© Antonie Duhamel

艺术亭“The Tipi“所在的庭院，覆盖着彩虹色圆形马赛克铺装，由安德烈·博丹创作。工作室致力于保护和强调这一独特作品，在图案正中嵌入了一个标志性建筑。锥形的体量容纳了接待、展览和活动空间，倾斜铝管旋转产生的双曲面包裹着全玻璃的外墙。中庭的翻新强调了原始建筑的特质，并通过立面上镜面不锈钢材质的应用，改善了实验室楼层的采光。

The courtyard where the art pavilion "The Tipi" is located, where André Bodin created a circular mosaic pavement in rainbow colours, the studio is committed to preserving and accentuating this unique work by embedding an iconic building in the middle of the pattern. The conical building contains reception, exhibition and event spaces, and an all-glass façade wraps around a hyperbolic surface created by the rotation of inclined aluminium tubes. The renewal of the atrium emphasises the texture of the original building and improves the lighting on the laboratory floor through the application of mirrored stainless steel on the façade.

 © Luc Boegly

模块化与灵活性Modularity And Flexibility

在架空层之上的标准层中，各学科的研究实验室围绕着交通核呈星形布局。设备和通风要求较高的实验室被布置在最高楼层，以靠近屋顶上的机房。工作室对项目进行了标准化和灵活性的设计，将实验室运行所需的大量管道进行集中式布局，方便调整以应对未来学科迅速的发展。同时空间的质量和研究人员的舒适度也得到了特别关注，天花上引入了声光挡板系统，使得恒定室内声光水平成为可能。

In the general floors above the elevated level, the research laboratories of the academic disciplines are arranged in a star-shaped layout around the traffic nucleus. The laboratories with higher equipment and ventilation requirements are arranged on the highest level to be close to the equipment rooms on the roof. The studio has standardised and flexibly designed the plan, with a centralised layout of the large amount of piping required to run the laboratories to cope with adjustments arising from the rapid future growth. Considering the quality of the space and the comfort of the researchers, the introduction of an acoustic and optical baffle system on the ceiling makes it possible to constant the sound and light levels in the room.

项目历时三年，项目至2015年完成了十万平方米的翻新，并为整个重建工程画上一个圆满的句号。整体翻新后的校园可为师生提供25000个工位，并被赋予了与其世界顶尖科学地位相匹配的空间和形象。2018年，巴黎第六大学与巴黎第四大学合并成立索邦大学，朱西厄校园便成为索邦大学的科学与工程学院所在地，这座诞生过25位诺贝尔奖得主的高等教育设施也开启了新篇章。

The project took three years to complete, with 100,000 square metres of refurbishment completed by 2015, and brought the entire redevelopment to a successful conclusion. The overall renovated campus provides 25,000 workstations for students and faculty and has been given a space and an image befitting its status as one of the world's leading scientific status. In 2018, when the Université de Paris VI merged with the Université de Paris IV to form the Sorbonne, the Jussieu campus became home to the Sorbonne's Faculty of Science and Engineering. A new chapter opened for this higher education institute that has honoured 25 Nobel Prize winners.

 © Luc Boegly

项目名称:  巴黎第六大学朱西厄校区东区改造

项目地点：法国 巴黎

建筑面积：100000平方米

建成时间：2015年

总投资额：1.8亿欧元

项目业主：法兰西岛地区大学发展公共设施

主创设计：勒内-亨利·阿尔诺、罗伊达·阿亚斯

设计团队:  法国AS建筑工作室

技术顾问：Setec Batiment、T/E/S/S、Michel Desvigne、AVA、Planitec、Vulcaneo、Eco Cités

摄影版权：Luc Boegly、Antoine Duhamel