德国国际建筑展上的木质原型住宅 / 斯图加特大学ICD

IBA（国际建筑展）木制原型住宅为人们展示了一种新微型建筑。转向一侧的住宅将传统木结构低成本的优点与先进的电脑设计、制造技术结合起来。项目探索了一种新的实木建筑体系，以经济合理的方式塑造环保、富有表现力和单一材料的建筑围护体系。

The IBA Timber Prototype House presents a new take on micro-architecture. Effectively a log cabin turned on its side, it combines the benefits of traditional low-cost timber construction with advances in computational design and fabrication technologies. The project explores a novel solid timber building system to economically create environmentally sound, architecturally expressive, mono-material building envelopes.

▼木质原型住宅外观，exterior view of the IBA Timber Prototype House  ©IBA Thueringen Photo Thomas Mueller

与原木结构典型的水平堆放方式不同，这里的实木构件被设置为相互错开的垂直框架，因此垂直构件呈现出木材所带来的强烈方向感，在不破坏实木结构性能的前提下产生狭缝。这些细缝作为消除应力的切口，防止实木开裂，保证稳定性和气密性，这两者都是传统原木建筑存在的重要问题。同时这些狭缝也被用作静态空气腔室，降低热导率，增加了材料的绝缘值。

▼参数化设计体系，parametric design system  ©ICD University of Stuttgart

▼装配及构造体系，assembly and construction system  ©ICD University of Stuttgart

In contrast to the horizontal stacking of typical log construction, here the solid timber elements are arranged as staggered upright frames. Thus the vertical elements are oriented in the strong direction of the wood which allows for sawing slits in the solid timber without comprising its structural capacity. These thin slits serve as stress-relief cuts, which prevent the solid timber from splitting. This ensures dimensional stability and airtightness, both significant issues in traditional log construction. At the same time, the slits are utilized as dead-air chambers, reducing thermal conductivity and increasing the insulation values of the material.

▼大面积的玻璃立面，large glass facade  ©IBA Thueringen Photo Thomas Mueller

▼实木构件被设置为相互错开的垂直框架，the solid timber elements are arranged as staggered upright frames  ©IBA Thueringen Photo Thomas Mueller

由此建造的高度可持续性、单一材料的建筑系统作为结构、围护和绝缘体系，符合严格的德国节能标准。完全集成式的电脑设计和建造方式，能够轻微扭转和弯曲墙面及天花板，这样不仅能够实现可利用空间与围护结构表面积之比最大化，还进一步加强了这座独特微型住宅的建筑体验。

The resulting, highly sustainable, mono-material building system acts as structure, enclosure and insulation, achieving compliance with stringent German energy saving standards. The fully integrated computational design and fabrication approach allows for gently twisting and curving walls and ceilings. They not only offer the possibility to maximize the ratio between available space and envelope surface, but also intensify the architectural experience of this unique micro-house.

▼住宅内部，interior of the house  ©IBA Thueringen Photo Thomas Mueller

▼完全集成式的电脑设计和建造方式，能够轻微扭转和弯曲墙面及天花板，the fully integrated computational design and fabrication approach allows for gently twisting and curving walls and ceilings  ©IBA Thueringen Photo Thomas Mueller

数字化制造用于生产高精度、密封性强的部件，作为连接木材构件的元件，让住宅无需使用任何金属加固零件或粘合剂。

Digital fabrication is employed to produce high-precision, airtight joints for connecting the timber elements without the need for any metal fasteners or adhesives.

▼玻璃立面吊装，glass facade installation  ©IBA Thueringen, Photo Thomas Mueller

▼等待运输的六个建筑模块，six building modules awaiting transport  ©Ackermann GmbH Photo Jens Kestler

▼数控铣削零件的机器加工轨迹，toolpaths Generation for CNC milled building components  ©ICD University of Stuttgart

▼绝缘狭缝细部和框架转角细节，detail showing insulation slits and corner detail of a completed frame layer  ©Ackermann GmbH Photo Jens Kestler(left)©Photo Hans Drexler(right)

▼转角连接和刚性角节点细节，assembly of corner joint and detail of rigid corner joint  ©Photo Hans Drexler

木制原型住宅是2019年5月24日在图林根Apolda开幕的国际建筑展（IBA）中的一部分，目前正面向公众展出。

The Timber Prototype House is part of the International Building Exhibition (IBA) Thueringen and is on show now following the opening on May 24th, 2019 in Apolda, Thueringen.

▼夜景，night view  ©IBA Thueringen Photo Thomas Mueller

▼木质原型小屋平面及剖面，IBA Timber Prototype House Plan and Sections  ©ICD University of Stuttgart

▼线性集成木框架系统，detail of linear aggregation joinery system  ©ICD University of Stuttgart

▼刚性转角细节，detail of rigid corner joinery system  ©ICD University of Stuttgart

IBA TIMBER PROTOTYPE HOUSE Log cabin digital – International Building Exhbition (IBA) Thueringen, Germany 2019

PROJECT TEAM ICD Institute for Computational Design Prof. A. Menges (PI), Oliver Bucklin, Oliver David Krieg, Victor Rodriguez Jade Hochschule Oldenburg Hans Drexler, Marie Deilmann, Geronimo Bujny, Anna Bulavintseva Internationale Bauausstellung: Thueringen Dr. Marta Doehler-Behzadi, Tobias Haag

PROJECT FUNDING Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau

MAIN SPONSORS ThüringenForst Rettenmeier Holding AG

CO-OPERATION AND INDUSTRY PARTNERS Klima und Umweltlabel Holz von Hier Georg Ackermann GmbH Universal Holzbau GmbH Glaskontor Erfurt GmbH Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Ingenieurbüro Matthias Münz Nils Holger Moormann GmbH hofmann+löffler creativeinrichtungen GmbH Stadt Apolda