曼海姆多元社区广场丨德国丨MVRDV

MVRDV联手房地产开发商Traumhaus对德国曼海姆前美军基地的部分空间进行了再开发，落成后的社区模式反映了建筑师对于当代城郊社区和村庄现状的态度和思考。

MVRDV, in partnership with housing developers Traumhaus, offer a response to the current state of modern day suburbia and the village as part of the redevelopment of former US Army barracks in Mannheim, Germany.

▽混合的住宅和公共空间使生活变得丰富多样, The mix of properties and public spaces encourage diversity and community spirit

▽ 独特的私家花园成为公园和公共绿地的延伸, Unique private gardens become an extension of the park and communal green spaces

这个27000平方米社区颠覆性的住宅模式在保证较低生活成本的同时，让郊区生活变得多元、丰富，也让居民更加团结。由Traumhaus标准住宅模式衍生而来，针对不同家庭生活方式的一系列新式住宅被组织在一起，多样化的社区生机勃勃。公园道和网格状的步行道路系统将建筑和公共活动空间串联了起来。

MVRDV won the competition for the 27.000m2 residential project, which breaks apart the standard housing model and redefines suburban living through giving residents the affordable suburban lifestyle, with individuality, diversity and community spirit. A huge range of variations on the Traumhaus standard typology will be distributed throughout the site encouraging social diversity as well as a lively mix of different life styles. In between the houses, the park dissipates through the site in a series of path networks, broken up by spaces designed for public activity.

▽多元化的个体住宅，Types of units

▽公园道与公共活动区域分布, The public space distribution

MVRDV的方案既传统又前卫，实验性的设计以过往的经验为基础，保证建筑密度、质量和可实施性。通过吸引多样化的居民来此定居，MVRDV意图以丰富而高品质的多元社区生活取代当下郊区居民之间毫无联系的生活状态。

MVRDV和房地产开发商Traumhaus合作，希望能以标准的流水线生产方式在这片27000平方米的场地上打造出低成本高品质的居住社区。该项目位于曼海姆的Funari，属于本杰明·富兰克林兵营中五个再开发区之一。MVRDV在Traumhaus的标准建筑模式上稍作调整，衍生出十余个新版本，以适应不同家庭类型的生活需求。这个新建的社区将是多种住宅和花园类型的大集合。

人车分离的交通系统将地面空间完全交还给行人，四通八达的道路模糊了“村落”与周边公园的边界。外围的绿地空间通过道路渗透进场地，与社区内部的体育公园以及果巷、蝴蝶花园等生态主题公园相连接。量身定制的私家花园将完全符合居民的生活习惯，这些花园和散布在场地各个角落的公共公园连接在一起，不分彼此。

“Funari重现了往日多样化的社区生活。在这里你才会体会到社区生活的真正意义，孩子们在街道上奔跑，而你的家正如你想象般完美。”MVRDV合伙创始人Winy Maas如是说。 “这也是我们对现今住宅制度的有力回击。现在的住宅价格已远远超出了年轻人的承受范围，经济性住宅的质量极其糟糕，而郊区的住宅完全在践踏社区精神，扼杀个人表达的机会。我们的方案为大家指出了一条新的道路。”

▽ 多元化的社区生活，dynamic community

The collaboration combines tradition with extravaganza, experience with experimentation, quality with quantity, sharing the ideal of variety and social access with innovation and realisation. Through encouraging a range of different inhabitants to live in the area MVRDV hopes to transform the modern idea of village life with segregated households, into a rich diverse community where individuality and quality of life are paramount.

MVRDV partnered with Traumhaus, a housing producer which focuses on low-cost high-quality homes based on standardised elements, to design 27.000m2 of housing, gardens and public spaces. The scheme is situated in Funari, one of five districts in a major re-development of the Benjamin Franklin barracks in Mannheim. The new village is a catalogue of dwelling and garden typologies, a huge set of variations on Traumhaus’ original design, each designed to support a different type of household and demographic.

Boundaries disappear between the surrounding park and the fully pedestrianised ‘village’. The green spaces dissipate into a network of paths through and around the site, which open out into sports parks or themed eco-environments such as fruit alleys or butterfly gardens. Each household also has a unique private garden whose typologies vary much in the same way as the houses, handpicked by the residents to provide the outdoor living that suits them; whether it be for the children to run around or for growing vegetables. These gardens though are really just an extension of the park which permeates through the site.

“Funari brings back the varied neighbourhood. It’s where you know your diverse community, where the kids can run around in the street, where your home is exactly what you need it to be.” Explains MVRDV Founding Partner Winy Maas. “But also it’s a comment on the housing system today. A system where young people can’t afford to buy, where ‘affordable housing’ is of such a poor quality, and where the suburban dream stamps out community spirit and individual expression. We want to show that there is another way.”

▽多元化的社区住户, The type of residents

▽不同模式的私家花园，various private garden

MVRDV不仅为不同类型的居民设计了适应他们生活方式的住宅，同时也给予他们表达个性的机会。注重环保的家庭可以选择带有屋顶花园的房子，而一层架空的住宅则留给居住者扩建房屋的可能性。传统的木头房子适合保守的居民，而单层住宅专为腿脚不便的老年人而设。社区内的两个大型公寓也将根据不同的居民类型设计相应的公寓，保证局部区域的多样性。住宅被划分为五个大类，按照预估的比例和数量交错放置。这种排布方式在保证社区多元化的同时，避免潜在高档化和局部被孤立的可能性。

Whether it be students or the elderly; individualists or large families, MVRDV’s design fulfils the individual needs of Funari’s inhabitants by not only giving them a house that suits their living needs perfectly, but by offering them complete individuality with their dwelling. Vegetated houses appeal to the budding eco-family, whilst stilt houses for starters open up the ground floor for future expansion. Monochrome wooden houses could be for the traditionalists, or the single storey tent-house for the elderly. Two larger apartment blocks combine various models, student housing and the elderly for example, in order to encourage diversity on an even more local scale. The houses, split into five main categories, will be arranged based on a predefined ratio of living types. This method means that diversity is inevitable and, unlike in most residential area, gentrification or community isolation will be avoided.

▽住宅目录，是Traumas概念的演变, The housing catalogue … an evolution of the Traumhaus concept

▽自发设计与组合, Build your own and combination

MVRDV不仅为不同类型的居民设计了适应他们生活方式的住宅，同时也给予他们表达个性的机会。注重环保的家庭可以选择带有屋顶花园的房子，而一层架空的住宅则留给居住者扩建房屋的可能性。传统的木头房子适合保守的居民，而单层住宅专为腿脚不便的老年人而设。社区内的两个大型公寓也将根据不同的居民类型设计相应的公寓，保证局部区域的多样性。住宅被划分为五个大类，按照预估的比例和数量交错放置。这种排布方式在保证社区多元化的同时，避免潜在高档化和局部被孤立的可能性。

Despite the pedestrianisation of the scheme, residents will have no issues accessing their properties by car because of the subterranean parking situated underneath the entire scheme. This enables the ground level to remain safe, green and family friendly. Residents are however encouraged to use the tram line which runs adjacent to the development. Access for emergency vehicles have also been designed into the development.

▽ 模型，model