六盘水明湖湿地公园，贵州 / 土人

本项目位于贵州六盘水市中心城区水城河畔，项目将河道生态改造、城市开放空间的系统整合与城市滨水用地价值的提升有机结合在一起，充分发挥了河道景观做为城市生态基础设施综合的生态系统服务功能。经过近3年的设计和施工建设，项目一期改造工程接近尾声，昔日被水泥禁锢且污染严重的城市“排水沟”，已然恢复了人们记忆中那碧波荡漾、流水潺潺的母亲河景象。

The project is situated in Liupanshui City, along the Shuicheng River. The scope of the task includes ecological restoration of the river, the upgrading of urban open space system, as well as increasing the value of urban waterfront land. The landscape along the Shuicheng River is therefore recovered as an ecological infrastructure providing ecological services to the region. After nearly three years of project phase one design and construction, the once highly polluted and channelized waterway of Liupanshui City has been transformed back into the lifeline of the city through the use of vegetation and natural embankments.

六盘水市位于贵州西部云贵高原腹地，水城河发源于钟山区窑上，流经市区，潜入三岔河，城区段绵延13公里，是水城盆地内地表水排泄的唯一通道。作为城市的母亲河，水城河见证了六盘水城市的发展历程。老城自古水拱城垣，春夏多雨，水如沧海，城池则宛若荷叶般浮立水中，故名“水城”，也叫“荷城”。农耕时代的水城河蜿蜒流淌，与城相依。1966年，六盘水地区工业建设指挥部建立，大规模的城市工业化建设拉开了帷幕；1975年，水城河治理工程动工， 1980年整治竣工。至此，悠悠蜿蜒的河被打造成了标准的人工渠化笔直的河道。随着城市化发展进程的不断加快，渠化的驳岸使河道的洪涝调蓄与生态自净能力遗失殆尽，水环境不断恶化。垃圾堆砌与污水排放，将昔日的母亲河变得满目疮痍。

从2009年起，六盘水市委市政府决定全面实施水城河生态景观环境改造工程。我院从宏观与微观尺度系统性梳理水城河及流域，力图全面恢复水城河生态、休闲、社会效益。

Liupanshui is located in the west part of Guizhou Province, on the Yungui Plateau. Shuicheng River begins in the mountainous Zhongshan District and flows towards Sancha River. 13 kilometers of the river, which flows across the city, is the only channel into which the surface water is discharge in the Shuicheng Basin. As the Mother River of Liupanshui City, it witnesses how the city has been transformed during past few decades and carried a collective memory of the inhabitants. The city was historically surrounding by the river, and named as Shuicheng (Water City), or Lotus Leave City.The city looked like a floating lotus leave in the rainy season because the river rose and surrounded it. Since the agrarian age, Shuicheng River had naturally meandered across the city. Then in 1966, together with the establishment of Industrial Construction Headquarters in Liupanshui, large-scale industrialization, urbanization and mobilization began in the region. The Shuicheng River Reconstruction project, which started in 1975 and completed in 1980, completely changed the river into a straightened and channelized one with concrete embankment. Resulted from the region’s continuous industrial development and urban population growth, the channelized river no longer has the capacity for flood control or self-purification through ecological processes, which leads to the continuing degradation or Shuicheng River. Badly polluted by sewage and waste, the Mother River lost its charm.

In 2009, Turenscape was commissioned by the Liupanshui Municipal Government to working on the planning and design of the ecological security patterns and ecological infrastructure, and the ecological restoration and landscape renovation of Shuicheng River. Utilizing landscape approaches at both macro and micro scales, the designers have been able to revitalize and upgrade the ecological, recreational and social value of the Mother River.

宏观上从流域与城市尺度进行规划。首先，恢复流域的雨洪调蓄与净化功能，将沿河径流、鱼塘、低洼地作为湿地纳入整个雨洪调蓄与净化系统，缓解城市内涝，回补河道景观用水，形成分级雨洪净化湿地；而后，恢复河道的自然驳岸，恢复河道生态状况与自净能力，重现河道的生命力。再后，将城市休闲游憩与河道生态环境的建设相结合，建立连续的慢行网络，并改造断面形式，创造更多的亲水空间；最后，将滨河土地开发与河道整治相结合，以河道景观为契机引导城市内部更新，提升土地价值，增强城市活力，促进滨河景观与城市宜居环境协同发展。

At the macro scale, Turenscape focuses on both the Shuicheng River drainage basin and the city. Firstly, existing streams, fishponds and low-lying land are all integrated into the flood control and ecological purification system along the river, forming a series of purification wetlands with different capacities. This approach not only helps with urban flood regulating but also the river water recharging. Secondly, concrete embankment of the channelized river was removed. Natural riverbank was brought back to revitalize the riparian ecology and maximize its self-purification capacity. Thirdly, the creation of the continuous pedestrian and bicycle paths helps to integrate the urban recreational and ecological space, increasing the accessibility of the riverfront. Lastly, the project combines waterfront development and river restoration together. Ecological infrastructure catalyzes the urban renewal of Liupanshui City, significantly increases the land value and enhances the urban vitality.

微观上依据总体规划的定位对具体河段进行设计。位于河道上游的一期工程由硬质河道的生态改造与明湖湿地公园两个部分组成，合计31.2公顷。河道充分利用滨河有限的15至20米绿带空间及陡坎高差，建立滨河梯级景观带，实现河岸的生态化改造。湿地公园的设计中，结合场地高程及鱼塘肌理，构建梯级湿地系统，调蓄与净化山区流出的溪流。同时，为彰显城市作为西南地区重要的煤炭钢铁工业基地的“钢城”文化，建设了蜿蜒卧浮于湿地之上的“钢化飞虹”步行景观桥。此外，设计倡导野草之美与低碳景观，大量应用了低维护成本的乡土植被，野花烂漫，水草繁茂，珠链碧河，漫步其间，人们仿若又回到了昔日蜿蜒流淌的母亲河畔，它即将承载重建人与自然和谐相处的时代文明继续前行。

At the micro scale, the design approach focused on each specific sections of the river according to the general goal of the master plan. Phase one of this project covers an area of 31.2 hectares, which includes ecological restoration of the channelized river, as well as the creation of Minghu Wetland Park. The designers took advantage of the 15 to 20-meter wide greenway and the elevation change along the river, creating a terraced riverfront landscape, realized the ecological restoration. In terms of the design of the wetland park, the designer utilized the topographical feature on site as well as the existing fishponds system, creating a terraced wetland system for water purification, especially collecting, controlling as well as purifying the streams coming down the mountainous area. Moreover, across the wetland, a pedestrian bridge named “Steel Rainbow” was created as a landmark to manifest the city’s long history as an important industrial base for coal and steel production in southwest China. Lastly, the design advocates the beauty of weeds and low carbon landscape. Native species, which requires low maintenance, are extensively used on site. With beautiful wildflower field and the revitalized Mother River of Liupanshui City, the project exemplified how to harmonize the relationship between human and nature in a new era.

Project Location: Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province Project Size: Concept design—90ha, Construction Design—31.2ha Date of Design: Semptember ,2009-April ,2011 Date of Complete: 2012-8 Owner/Client: Liupanshui Municipality