拉斯阿雷纳斯休闲娱乐综合体，西班牙 / Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners was originally appointed by Barcelona-based developer Sacresa to redevelop an existing bullring in the city of Barcelona into a major new mixed-use leisure and entertainment complex. The scheme was subsequently taken over by Metrovacesa and was formally opened to the public in March 2011. Las Arenas is strategically located at the foothill of Montjuic at the intersection of Gran Via and Avenue Paral∙lel, two major city highways, and acts as a major landmark for the Plaça d’Espanya transport interchange.

The historic bullring, constructed at the very end of the 19th century, fell largely into disuse during the 1970s due to the declining popularity of bull fighting in Catalonia. However, the strong civic and cultural role which the building played in the life of Barcelona over nearly a century – not only as a bullring but also as a venue for opera and theatre productions, rock concerts, political gatherings and even as a barracks during the Civil war – led to a decision by the city council that the façade should not be demolished. As a result, the redevelopment has retained and refurbished the striking.

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“We set out to re-establish Las Arenas – a late 19thcentury bullring – as a 21st century landmark for the city.This involved retaining the entire existing façade as wellas re-integrating what had become an isolated trafficisland into the city fabric.”–Richard Rogers

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neo-mudéjar façade, while creating an open and accessible entrance to the new building at street level. Within the façade of the former bullring, approximately 47,000 m² of mixed activities has been created plus a 1,250-space car park in the basement. The main activities offered are commercial, entertainment, health and leisure spaces focused around a central event space, including multiplex cinemas on the third floor and a gym and the ‘Museum of Rock’ on the fourth floor. In addition, a separate building – the ‘Eforum’ – in Carrer de Llançà, adjacent to the bullring, will provide retail and restaurants at ground and first-floor levels, with four levels of offices above.

The original 19th century bullring was raised above the levels of the surrounding streets with ramps and stairs within the surrounding plinth providing access. However, the redevelopment – which involved the excavation of the base of the façade and the insertion of composite arches to support the existing wall and create new spaces for shops and restaurants – establishes a new, open public realm around the building providing level access to a wide range of retail facilities. In contrast, the Eforum building follows the typical, historic street alignment of the Pla Cerda grid pattern of streets which are typical of the 19th century Barcelona streetscape.

The approach for the bullring uses the most advanced architectural and engineering technologies in response to the brief, while respecting and celebrating the fabric of the historical bullring to re-establish the building as a visually striking landmark for the city. The most spectacular aspect of the intervention is the inclusion of a 100-metrediameter habitable ‘dish’ with a 76-metrediameter domed roof, floating over the façade – and structurally independent from it – providing flexible, column-free spaces beneath the dome (as well as below on level 4). This ‘plaza in the sky’ incorporates large terraces around the perimeter with space for cafés and restaurants, providing stunning views across the city.

Two main access routes cut through the building at 180-degrees to each other, providing access from Gran Via and Parc Joan Miró as well as Carrer Tarragona and Carrer de Llançà and forming a cruciform system leading into the central atrium space. Within these zones, escalators are located to provide access to all levels including the rooftop plaza. Two large, partially-glazed passenger lifts are located on one side of the circular atrium serving the parking and retail (-1) levels; on the other side of the atrium, two fully-glazed, panoramic passenger lifts serve the upper floors.

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In addition, there are two fully-glazed external lifts on Carrer de Llançà at the entrance to the Eforum office building and two panoramic passenger lifts (partially glazed) on the outside of the telecommunications tower facing Plaça d’Espanya. This tower reinforces the presence of the bullring and – at its base – provides direct access from the metro station Espanya to the building. The multifunctional area within the dome and the restaurants around its perimeter can be accessed from this elevated public space.

Equally important is the resolution of the ground plane surrounding the bullring, where new plazas are created to provide connections with the existing metro station and neighbouring Parc Joan Miró. In addition, the development links strongly to the nearby Fira de Barcelona – a key European business exhibition venue attracting 3.5 million visitors annually – and the neighbouring districts of Eixample and Sants-Montjuic, one of Barcelona’s fastestgrowing and most dynamic areas.The roof and the giant dish are supported on huge pylons, with services and circulation, such as escalators and stairways, accommodated in the cruciform-shaped zone, defined by the four raked pylon structures.

The design is based on a series of separate and complementary structural systems which allows a variety of activities and user requirements to take place on different levels inside the building. The dish supports the cupola/dome, creating an open and flexible space. Its columns travel down to ground level within the four atria; bridges, lifts, escalators and walkways either pass through these columns or on either side of them. This also allows for an open, columnfree space at level 4 and removes the need for any structural members to pass through the cinema spaces below at levels 2 and 3.These cinema spaces are formed by large steel cantilevered boxes that effectively constitute a separate, self-contained structural system within the building and rest on a concrete base at level 2.

From level 2 downwards, a more conventional concrete column and floor slab construction has been used for the retail areas. The design of the column layout has provided the spaces required by the client for different retail zones; these columns continue into the four levels of car park below, creating a logical layout for vehicle access and parking.

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Additional, separate structural systems support the existing façade of the historic bullring (providing maintenance, fire escape,services and access gantries) and the adjacent Eforum, which connects with the retail at ground level and also with the car park and basement ramps. Between the bullring façade and the Eforum is a services spine and large goods lifts, with other services for the bullring complex placed on the roof of the Eforum.

The roof dome is finished with a plastic coating which helps to reduce glare from reflected sunlight. The relatively shallow dome rises only ten metres from its perimeter to the centre. While this geometry is structurally challenging, with its susceptibility to buckling and large deflections, the dimensions were nonnegotiable, having to keep within an envelope agreed during the initial planning consent. The maximum crown height was fixed to reduce the visual impact of the roof from a nearby historic fountain.

Several structural options were researched for the roof with the preferred solution being a lamella structure in which the timber members form a pattern of lozenges creating a grid-shell of timber. This works by having simple, repetitive short lengths of timber glu-lam beams, made of fir and joined together to form the dome. The pattern changes at the crown where the structure terminates in a circular ring beam, defining a 30 metre-diameter oculus constructed from a simplified pattern of glu-lam members. The primary members of the dome are connected invisibly. As a result, even though they are bolted together, all of the metal is hidden within the wood so that observers beneath the dome will perceive only a continuous timber structure.

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“Our design includes a new leisure and retail developmentwithin the façade, as well as a completely new, adjacentoffice building which responds to the city’s historic streetpattern. The project has also created significant areas ofpublic realm both in the new dome structure – with its360-degree roof terrace rising above the existing wall – andat the surrounding street level, which will help to revitalise thispart of Barcelona.”——Richard Rogers

The laminated beams are topped with two layers of plywood – ‘Kerto’ panels which aid structural stiffness – and a layer of insulation, topped with a seamless liquid application roofing system for a weather-proof finish. The entire roof sits on a three-metre-high ‘skirt’ to overcome the possibility of unusable low space at the perimeter of the dome. The skirt is comprised of 20 boomerang-shaped columns supporting the dome’s perimeter beam. Inclined struts spring from these columns to directly support the ring beam where it meets the timber grid-shell, while providing stability to the entire structure. This approach not only provides a visual contrast with the steel used to construct the dish, but has the environmental advantage of being a sustainable and renewable natural resource.

The choice of timber also meant that the structure could be exposed to dramatic visual effect, as fire performance is achieved by sacrificing charring layers.

All the constituent parts – the façade, the roof-level spaces, the four internal segments and the adjacent Eforum – are structurally independent, allowing for future flexibility and change to encourage a wide variety and rotation of activities, including sports events, fashion shows and exhibitions.

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这是Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners在西班牙的一个休闲娱乐综合建筑项目。项目在原有斗牛场基础上改建，所处位置优越，位于城市主干道交叉口，是一个交通节点处的城市标志性建筑物。

斗牛场始建于19世纪末，历史悠久，但是在上个世纪70年代起斗牛运动开始衰落。在强大的公众意识和文化主导下，这里在生活其它方面也扮演着重要作用—不光作为斗牛场，还作为歌剧场，戏剧场，摇滚音乐会场地，政治集会场地，甚至在战争期间还充当过兵营。因此政府决定不拆除这里，而是在此基础上保护和翻新。

“我们的目标是把这个19世纪末的拉斯维加斯斗牛场重新变成21世纪的城市标志物。保持现有外立面，重新整合，联系城市流线，使其融入环境。”理查德罗杰斯

这个新建筑友好开放，从街道上可以直接访问。总面积达到4万7千平方米，共五层。地下车库可停车1250辆。主要提供商业，娱乐，休闲，保健等功能。有电影院，健身房，博物馆，音乐会场餐饮，零售，他们围绕着一个中心共享空间。建筑采用了最先进的建筑技术与结构技术，不光为城市提供鲜明的外形标志，更为人们提供了灵活，无柱的室内空间。顶上圆顶一圈还布置了空中广场，为人们提供了壮观的城市风景。有两个主要通道联系大穹顶内的各个建筑，他们与环中庭交通一起组成十字形交通系统。建筑外部配置一套可直达空中广场的观景电梯和四部楼梯，内部配置4组自动扶梯，一套电梯和四部楼梯。

同时建筑与地铁站以及附近的商业中心相连，附近的商业中心也是欧洲重要商业展览场地，每年吸引350万人次，是这个城市最有活力的地区之一。

四个均布的结构支撑支持着这个巨大的穹顶。这是一个独立的结构系统，允许建筑内部用户需求的多样性。并给予一个开放，灵活空间。电影院空间是大悬臂式箱体，独立于建筑结构体。下层空间是零售和停车场。穹顶采用塑料涂层，有助于减少眩光污染。整个穹顶结构只鼓起10多米高，这造成了具挑战性的结构。这是由建筑限高决定的，以免屋顶冲击力对附近的一个历史喷泉造成影响。穹顶的薄壳结构是由木材组成的菱形体系。木材用螺栓连接，这些金属连接件被很好的隐藏起来，使得这个结构看起来好像只是由木材构成的。木材通过炭化处理具备防火性。

外墙，屋顶，四个内部建筑，附属建筑，结构彼此独立，可以为未来的各种活动提供灵活性，包括体育活动，时装表演，还有展览。

“我们的设计了响应城市历史街区，独树一帜的全新休闲，零售建筑外。无论是穹顶，还是空中花园，还是瞩目的外观，都将振兴这个区域。”理查德罗杰斯

更多信息参见上方英文。

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Location Barcelona, Spain Use Cultural & Leisure Dates 2000-2011 Areas Gross internal area – 105,816m² Bullring – 46,973m² Eforum – 5,500m² Parking – 53,343m² Number of floors (above ground) 5 Client Metrovacesa (originally Sacresa) Architect Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners Co-architect Alonso Balaguer y Arquitectos Asociados Structural engineers Expedition Engineering and BOMA Services engineers BDSP and JG Quantity surveyor TG3 Acoustic consultants BDSP and Audioscan Existing façade consultants Expedition Engineering and BOMA Project & construction manager Bovis Main contractor Dragados Roofing contractor Finnforest Services contractors IMTECH and EMTE Steel contractor (for dish) Martifer Building façades contractor Joan Obré Office façades contractor Strunor