流动的屋顶 & 德国Pforzheim中央公交车站 / METARAUM

项目概况 Overview

Pforzheim中央公交车站为城市基础建设项目的一部分，它的造型优美独特，在改善交通状况的同时，可以提升整个区域的品质，为城市发展做出重要贡献。

The new construction of the Pforzheim Central Bus Station is part of a large-scale infrastructure development project, which, as well as improving traffic flows, will make a key contribution in urban development and architectural terms by upgrading the entire area.

▼建筑外观，屋顶呈优雅的流线型，external view of the building with elegantly curved roofs

项目与城市发展 Urban development

这座现代化公交车站位于火车站和立交桥之间，其屋顶绵延数十米，创造了一个没有支撑结构阻挡的高品质城市空间。建筑师抛弃了单调的传统站台设计，将这里建造成了一个引人注目的城市焦点。主车站是一座标志性的历史建筑，新车站为它的延伸，与旧建筑保持一定距离，激活了原本冷清的东侧区域。为了不喧宾夺主，新车站在尺度上要小于主车站，其屋顶结构根据城市肌理被分割成了三个部分，人们可以从结构的空隙中欣赏城市的美景，甚至能够看到铁道北侧的区域。

The roofscape of the new bus station forms an unstructured area between the railway station and flyover and a new modern mobility hub within a high-grade urban space. Instead of a monotonous sequence of roofed platforms, what emerged is an urban space as an authentic “venue” boasting high recognition value. Situated just the right distance from the main station, the new bus station appears as an extension of the historical building – a to-the-point urban marker, which breathes new life into what was an inhospitable area to the east of the station building.

The bus station submits to the superordinate scale of the main station by subdividing the roof area into three sections, benefiting from the head-turning visuals and significance of the latter within the urban fabric and provides thrilling views and insights into the districts north of the railway line.

▼透过建筑可以看到旧车站，现代与传统形成鲜明对比，the historic station building could be seen through the roof, contrasting to the new structure

屋顶概念 Roofing concept

新车站在这座五十年代的历史建筑中植入了现代设计元素，使这里的建筑形式变得新颖多变起来。屋顶的曲线根据车辆行驶的转弯半径设计，道路上方的开洞让阳光可以照射进站台，留下了变幻的光影，人们通过这些开口将看到不同的景观，获得丰富的空间体验。

1945年的时候，Pforzheim几乎是一片废墟，当时的规划师和政府官员放弃重建老建筑，决定借此机会建造一座全新的城市。这个决定改变了了Pforzheim的形象，新建的车站屋顶也可以被看做是那时以来对审美的现代解读。

The language of forms employed in the original historical station building from the 50s has been upgraded with an element of contemporary design: The curved edges of the roof sections are derived from the typical radii and loops of vehicles in motion – the bus station features prominently as a dynamic local transport center. Openings over the lanes allow light and sunshine to flow into the bus platforms as well as structuring the view from below and enlivening the spatial experience with a varied interplay of shadow.

The roof can also be perceived as a modern interpretation of aesthetics from the fifties : Following the almost complete destruction of the downtown area in 1945, town planners and officials, instead of recreating the former old buildings, risked taking the decision to construct something entirely new: The architectural language underpinning this rebirth plays a crucial role in Pforzheim, particularly in terms of conferring identity.

▼屋顶被分成三部分，通过屋顶的开口可以看到不同景观，丰富空间体验，the roof is divided into three parts, different views could be seen from the openings, enhancing the space experience

设施 Furnishing

线性排列的元素，如信息牌，时钟，游客指示系统，语音提示单元和座椅，充分满足了公交车站的功能需求。集中的小休息处代替了分散的功能元素，在视觉上更加清晰，加强了空间的指引性，让人们可以更加方便地找到自己的站台。楼梯之间铺设有盲道，让视觉不便的人也可以放心使用这里的设施。

Linear arrayed elements encompass a compact summary of the required bus-station functions, such as information signs, a clock, passenger information system, text-to-speech units for visually impaired people and seating facilities. Small and easily accessible ‘functional islands’ as “venues” are favored instead of scattered individual elements. This also helps ensure visual clarity, enhances navigation and overviews and helps people find the bus stops they need swiftly and reliably. An ongoing series of tactile paving connects together all the stairs.

▼设施集中在小休息处，空间简洁明确，functional islands ensure visual clarity

灯光 Lighting

效果照明，环境照明和直接照明相辅相成，共同为车站提供了舒适的照明，不同的灯光颜色形成对比，让空间显得更加有趣。屋顶边缘的灯带是建筑的重要组成元素，在黑暗中勾勒出建筑多变的形态，使其在无人的夜晚也不会显得太过荒凉；柱子上设置的“灯叶”将屋顶底面染成了白色；屋顶上设置的照明单元指示出了不同站台的位置；扶手内的LED灯让楼梯更加明显，增强指示性和安全性。屋顶，柱，地面，各种设施和照明一起，构成了这座完整的建筑。

Three lighting systems complement each other: Effect lighting, indirect and direct light. Using a range of lighting colors in a targeted manner helps create contrasts and makes it more enjoyable for users. A row of lighting aligned with the roof contour is a key component of the architecture, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the form in the twilight and achieving a level of significance that belies the problem of overnight “desertification” of this area. The use of “lighting leaves“ on columns bathes the soffit in neutral white light. Units incorporated into the ceiling surface ensure targeted lighting of bus platforms. LEDs, built into the handrails, expand the lighting scope of the staircases, for easier navigation and improved security. Accordingly, the roof spaces, columns, floorings, furnishings and lighting scheme all come together to form a single architectural whole.

▼屋顶边缘的橙色光带强调了建筑的形态，内部为白光照明，orange colored light at the edge of the roof emphasizing the architectural form, the internal space uses neuter white light

▼屋顶上的照明单元指示站台位置，the lighting unite on the roof showing platform position

支撑结构 Supporting structure

建筑的钢结构由柱和网格梁构成。网格梁在靠近铁路的位置缓缓下弯，与轨道融合在了一起。柱子的位置根据站台和空间功能设置。

柱子由复合钢和钢筋混凝土组成，可以承受更多重量，且耐久性更好。柱子和地面以活动节点连接，上方逐渐变成漏斗形，由内部的十字钢筋保证其稳定性，通过外侧焊接的支架与网格梁上的型钢支撑构件紧紧连在了一起。

这个由柱和网格梁构成的框架起到了良好的支撑作用，柱子基部的活动节点让结构可以抵抗气温变化引起的形变。屋顶内表面覆以水泥胶合的石膏板，板块间的活动接缝构成了生动的图案，对屋顶优雅多变的形态起到了强调作用。

The steel supporting structure consist mainly of the columns and girder grids. The girder grids slowly fold downward, merging into the railway track area. The positioning of the columns reflects traffic planning and the use of areas under the roofing.

The columns comprise composite steel and concrete sections with internal cruciform reinforcement. This enhances the carrying capacity, sturdiness and durability. The base points are loose-jointed in both directions. Rising upward, the columns expand in a funnel-shaped design, which is stabilized by the internal cruciform reinforcement. From there, they are connected rigidly via welded brackets to the interfaces of the supporting clusters made of standard roller profiles on the girder grid of the roof; this sees the girders and columns form multiple field frames in both directions.

The frame is used to reinforce the support structure. Fluctuations in temperature can be absorbed thanks to the flexibility of the “super-flex“ columns and via torsion at the base point. The internal space-defining paneling of the supporting structure is formed using movable suspended cement-bound plaster supporting plates. The “graphical“ aspect of the required expansion joints underlines the dynamically elegant nature of the roof shell.

▼屋顶结构与铁轨结合在了一起，the girder grid merges into the railway track

排水 Drainage:

屋顶通过柱子排水，形成一个个小排水区，将构造要求的坡面控制在最小范围。

The roof space is drained via all the columns. This forms small drainage areas, minimizing the level of construction required for the necessary inclines.

▼柱子采用活动节点，有很强的可变性，其下部为小面积排水区，columns are loose-jointed, having high flexibility, the small drainage area is under the column

▼总平面图，site plan

▼平面图，plans

Location: Bahnhofsplatz 1, 75175 Pforzheim, Germany Awarding authority: Stadt Pforzheim Type of commission: Restricted competition, 1st prize / Commissioning of work phases 2-8 Technical data Base area: 10.000 m2 Roof area: 5.000 m2 Building volume: 45.000 m³ Construction period: 2013 – 2015

Architect: METARAUM Specialist Planners: Mailänder Consult GmbH, Karlsruhe (Planning of traffic facilities), Engelsmann Peters Beratende Ingenieure GmbH, Stuttgart (Structural Engineering), Day & Light Lichtplanung, München (Lighting Design), P&H Hönes GmbH, Pforzheim (Planning of technical building services)

Products and executing companies Steel construction company: STS Stahltechnik GmbH, Delmenhorst Paneling Product: Sto SE & Co. KGaA, „Aquapanel Cement Board“ Paneling Company: Jaeger Ausbau GmbH + Co KG Rhein-Main, Wölfersheim Lights Product: WE-EF LEUCHTEN, Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik

Photographs: zooey braun FOTOGRAFIE, Stuttgart

Awards: – “Staatspreis Baukultur Baden-Württemberg,” 2016 – DDC Award „Gold“, Gute Gestaltung 16 – Balthasar Neumann Preis 2016, „Auszeichnung“ – Preis des Deutschen Stahlbaues 2016, „Auszeichnung“ – “ICONIC Awards 2016 – Best of Best” – German Design Award 2016, „Winner“