波鸿鲁尔大学IA,IB,IC教学楼改扩建丨德国阿恩斯贝格丨盖博建筑设计

2024/02/29 11:29:43

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波鸿鲁尔大学 IA/IB/IC 教学楼改扩建

Renovation of I-Complex in Ruhr University Bochum

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波鸿鲁尔大学的 I 系列建筑群始建于 1965 年，是该校众多工程学科的所在地。2009 年至 2018 年，盖博建筑完成了该建筑群 IA、IB、IC 三座教学楼的全方位改造升级。其中 IC 教学楼作为建筑遗产，在修缮历史建筑的基础上，对其立面和内部核心进行了综合性的改造；IA、IB 教学楼由于原建筑条件较差，进行了拆除重建。三座建筑以不同方式重生，共同重塑了波鸿鲁尔大学面向未来研究的校园形象。

The I-complex at Ruhr University Bochum was originally constructed in 1965 serving for the university’s engineering colleges. Between 2009 and 2018, Gerber Architekten initiated a comprehensive renovation and upgrade of the IA, IB, and IC complex. The IC complex, recognized as an architectural heritage, underwent a thorough renovation of its façade and internal core, based on the restoration of historical buildings. In contrast, the IA/IB complex were demolished and rebuilt due to the poor condition of the original structures. These three buildings have been revitalized in distinct ways, but all contributing to the reshaping of Ruhr University Bochum’s campus image for future research.

波鸿鲁尔大学 IA/IB/IC 教学楼改扩建©Jürgen Landes

01 重绘校园轮廓 Reframing the campus

位于德国波鸿的波鸿鲁尔大学（Ruhr University Bochum，简称 RUB）于 1965 年建成开放。整个校园规划井然、外观统一、结构清晰，所有建筑按照学科分类形成了医学、自然科学、人文学、工程学四大区域，其中校园北部的 I 系列建筑群（包括 IA-IB-IC-ID 四栋教学楼）即工程学区，也是该校历史最悠久的建筑群，因此在该校的振兴计划中，I 系列建筑群首当其冲，进行了翻新改造。

The Ruhr University Bochum (RUB) in Bochum, Germany, was established in 1965. The campus is in a meticulously unified and clearly organized plan, where buildings are categorized by discipline, forming four major areas: medicine, natural sciences, humanities, and engineering. The I-complex, situated in the north of the campus, comprises the oldest structures and serves as the engineering colleges district, which consequently made it the primary focus for renovation.

波鸿鲁尔大学鸟瞰

IA/IB/IC 改造前旧影

基于建筑遗产管理部门对原 I 系列建筑群的评估，IC 教学楼作为历史建筑被保留，在污染物处理后进行核心改造；IA、IB 教学楼因污染过度，不得不进行拆除，并以原建筑的高度和形制进行重建，以保留整个校园建筑群的建筑特色。三座教学楼以不同的形式重生，共同重绘了校园的原始轮廓，并在教学、实验、研究等基础用途之上整合了更多元的功能，打造成为了一系列面向未来研究的综合大楼。

Following an assessment by the architectural heritage management department, the IC complex, recognized as a historic structure, underwent core renovation after pollutant treatment, preserving its architectural significance; while the IA/IB complex was demolished due to excessive pollution, and reconstructed to match the original buildings’ height and shape, aiming to maintain the architectural characteristics of the entire campus. These three academic buildings have been revitalized in various ways, reshaping the campus’ original image and transcending their original teaching and experimental functions to create mixed-use spaces for future research.

盖博建筑参与波鸿鲁尔大学系列改扩建。2007 年左右，由于幕墙涂料的老化以及部分施工材料的性质变化产生有害气体，也由于科研器械的发展需要对实验室进行改造升级，还因为师生希望增加更多的文化和公共空间，一个时间跨度超过 20 年的“卓越计划”被提出，将对整个校园进行从立面维护到室内空间的全方位翻新改造。从 2009 年大学校园改扩建计划启动至今，作为最重要的规划与建筑设计参与者，盖博建筑事务所参与了其中多个项目。

Around 2007, due to the aging of the curtain wall coatings and the changing nature of some of the construction materials that produced harmful gases, the development of research equipment that required laboratory renovations and upgrades, and the desire of students and faculty to add more cultural and public spaces, an “Excellence Plan” was proposed for a period of more than 20 years that would renovate the entire campus, from façade maintenance to interior spaces. As the most important planning and architectural design participant since the University’s campus renovation and expansion plan was launched in 2009, Gerber Architekten has been involved in Multiple projects.

02IC 教学楼改造 Renovating the IC-Complex

考虑到建筑遗产保护的各个方面，IC 建筑的翻新改造，旨在保留原建筑的空间和外形特征，并为约 5,000 名学生及科学家打造一个功能完备、装备精良、富有品质的学习和研究环境。而改造的关键，在于重塑建筑“壳”与“核”的关系。

The goal of renovating the IC complex was to preserve the spatial and architectural features of the original structure while creating a functional, well-equipped, and high-quality learning and research environment for approximately 5,000 students and scientists. Thus, the design of the renovation focuses on reshaping of the relationship between the building’s "shell" and "core."

IC 教学楼改造前后对比©Jürgen Landes

在“壳”方面，设计延续了原建筑的风格，通过带状的窗户和逃生阳台作为关键元素，以铝板覆层和轻钢栏杆的虚实交替，对原本非常严格的立面设计进行拆解，形成立面的节奏和韵律；且新建了部分阳台，以辅助办公室遮阳和立面清洁。同时，在东西立面上创造出两个三层通高的全玻璃幕墙区域，打破了原立面的沉闷感，并以此最大化了建筑内部看向校园的自然视野。

On the one hand, the "shell" maintains the original building’s style, incorporating windows and escape balconies as key elements. The design is transformed through the use of alternating aluminum plates and steel railings, creating a rhythmic facade. Additionally, new balconies are added to aid in shading and facade cleaning. Simultaneously, two three-story glass areas are introduced on the east and west facades, breaking the monotony of the original facade and maximizing the building’s natural views from within.

以丰富的虚实关系形成立面韵律©Jürgen Landes

以窗景建立室内外的视觉联系©Jürgen Landes

而在“核”方面，IC 教学楼经由改造，容纳了 2 个 340 座的大型演讲厅，57 个实验室，以及众多的研讨室和办公室。作为机械工程、土木工程和环境工程学院共用的综合教学楼，设计致力于打造利用率高且具有灵活适应性的空间，满足各学科专业研究以及大型技术设备安装的要求，并兼顾不同学科研究的差异性，提供必要的调节性、分隔性和过渡性空间。

On the other hand, the "core" is renovated for additional functional spaces, including two large lecture halls with 340 seats, 57 laboratories, and numerous seminar rooms and offices. As a comprehensive teaching building shared by colleges of Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering, the design creates a highly efficient and flexible space that meets the demands of professional research and the installation of large-scale technical equipment across various disciplines, while providing necessary adjustment, separation, and transition spaces, with the consideration of the differences in research requirements across disciplines.

IC 演讲厅©Jürgen Landes

IC 实验室/研究室©Jürgen Landes

IC 办公休息区©Jürgen Landes

此外，设计重新梳理了建筑的内部循环，尽可能地整合和简化建筑的动线与功能布局。

沿着南北主轴线，核心的图书馆、院长办公室、行政区被有序串联起来，学生站、餐饮区、研讨室等则沿着外围布置，以充分利用自然采光和通风，提升内部的空间品质。

而沿着东西轴线，设计增设了三层的玻璃门廊，以连接 IB、ID，加强不同教学楼之间的交流，并使建筑与内部庭院形成视觉连接，利用有层次的院落空间，良好的视觉交流以及高品质的可停留空间，提高了研究人员与学生之间的日常交流。

Furthermore, the design restructures the internal circulation, aiming to integrate and simplify the circulation and functional layout as much as possible. Along the north-south axis, the core library, dean’s office, and administrative area are systematically connected, while the student station, dining area, and seminar rooms are arranged along the perimeter to maximize natural lighting and ventilation, enhancing the quality of the internal space. Along the east-west axis, three-story glass corridors are designed to connect IB and ID, fostering communication between different buildings and creating a visual connection between the building and the inner courtyard.

IC 内部庭院与玻璃门廊©Jürgen Landes

IC 餐厅©Jürgen Landes

03IA/IB 教学楼重建 Rebuilding the IA/IB-Complex

不同于 IC 教学楼的翻新改造，IA、IB 教学楼由于受污染严重，不得不采用了“重建”的建筑振兴策略。设计与建筑遗产管理部门密切协调，参照原建筑对两座大楼进行了拆除重建，以呼应波鸿鲁尔大学校园原有的建筑形式以及外观特色。

Different from the renovation of the IC complex, the IA/IB complex had to adopt the strategy of "reconstruction" due to serious pollution. In close coordination with the architectural heritage management department, these two buildings were demolished and rebuilt in reference to the original buildings to echo the original form and exterior features of the RUB campus.

重建的 IA/IB 与改造的 IC 成为整体©Jürgen Landes。在立面上，加建部分的建筑立面和阳台部分沿用了原有建筑的设计语言，并参照 IC 教学楼的立面改造效果，使得 IA、IB 两座新楼与 I 系列建筑群的整体外观和谐相融，进而形成了完整统一的校园形象。

On the facade, the design language for the new buildings aligns with the original IA and IB, while referencing the renovated IC. This integration ensures a harmonious appearance within the I-complex, contributing to a complete and unified campus image.

IA 立面及其细节©Jürgen Landes

而在内部空间上，设计将人流较大的区域，如演讲厅、学生会区、活动室、服务区等，设于建筑低层的核心区，而将众多的实验室、办公室、教学室、及学生工作场所等则设于高层，进而高效地利用空间。同时考虑到 IA、IB 教学楼容纳了地球科学、数学和心理学等学院，空间规划根据教学区进行了优化调整，并实现了各学院之间的清晰分离。

Regarding internal space, areas with high foot traffic, such as lecture halls, student union areas, activity rooms, and service areas, are situated in the core area of the lower floors, while numerous laboratories, offices, teaching rooms, and student workplaces are located on the upper floors, optimizing space usage. Additionally, considering that the IA and IB house the colleges of Earth Sciences, Mathematics, and Psychology, the layout has been optimally adjusted based on the teaching area, achieving a clear separation between the disciplines.

IA 演讲厅©Jürgen Landes

IA 实验室/研究室©Jürgen Landes

IA 办公休息区©Jürgen Landes

值得一提的是，新建的 IA、IB 教学楼还旨在将整个北翼的 I 系列教学楼从建筑内部连通起来。一方面，设计以东西主干道贯穿 IA、IB，与 IC 建立联系，并结合无障碍设计，实现建筑与内部庭院相通。另一方面，建筑内采用了开放式楼梯间的设计，使内部各个楼层便捷可达的同时，形成了更直观的跨层视觉联系，从而鼓励更多交流。

两座新建筑的设计，都致力于让人们停留其中，在此潜心笃志。设计不仅自然而清晰地表达出空间的功能关系以及内外定位，也借助巧妙的形象升级，为校园乃至城市的景观改善做出了贡献。

It’s important to note that the new IA/IB complex is designed to internally connect the entire northern surroundings of the I-complex. The design utilizes the east-west main passageway to traverse IA/IB and connect IC, incorporating accessibility and communication between the building and the inner courtyard. Additionally, an open stairwell design within the building fosters a more intuitive visual connection, encouraging across levels communication. These two new buildings are designed under the emphasis on providing spaces where people are willing to enjoy spending time. The design not only clearly expresses the functional relationship between the interior and exterior space, but also contributes to enhancing the campus and even the city landscape.