Hood 自行车公园丨意大利马萨丨Offshoots,Inc.

项目陈述 PROJECT STATEMENT

Hood自行车公园是一座占地半英亩的全新公共公园，也是自行车通勤中心，为了缓解地下水污染和公路产生的空气污染，茂盛的植被占据了项目的中心位置。项目由Hood牛奶工厂改造而成，经过精心设计的景观既净化了污染物，又成为了工业用地再开发的催化剂。自行车亭隐藏在倾斜的地形下，以遮挡西面的高架公路。倾斜的地形将整个公园从2100年预计的沿海洪水区之中抬高，草坪之下的土壤则能够储存雨水，以容纳未来从建筑流向地面的雨水径流。建筑和景观的综合建筑形式构成了生态植物的框架，创造出一种具有生态弹性的基础设施原型。

Phytoremediation plants take center stage to mitigate groundwater and highway-generated air pollution at Hood Bike Park, a new half-acre public park and bike commuter hub. This reimagined landscape on the former Hood Milk plant both cleanses’ pollutants and creates a catalyst for the redevelopment of industrial lands. A bike pavilion is tucked under a sloping topography to hide the elevated highway to the west. The topography raises the entire park out of the 2100 coastal flood zone and provides stormwater storage under the lawn to accommodate runoff from future buildings. The integrated architectural forms of the building and landscape frame the ecological plantings, creating a model for resiliency.

▲未充分利用土地转化的催化剂：场地周围有50多英亩未充分利用的工业用地，因此，建筑师将Hood自行车公园设计为改善社区环境的催化剂，Catalyst for Transformation of Underutilized Land: Fifty-plus acres of underutilized industrial land surround the site. Hood Bike Park was crafted as a catalyst for community improvements © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

项目说明 PROJECT NARRATIVE

在波士顿某工业区，屋顶倾斜的景观建筑为骑自行车的人创造了一座便利的交通中心，同时也为当地创造出一座能够减轻环境污染的全新城市公园。Charlestown作为波士顿所有社区中人均绿地面积第二少的社区，Hood自行车公园为当地居民们提供了一处宛如绿洲般的城市避难所。该项目距离波士顿市中心不到两英里，步行即可达到当地交通站点，本项目在规划的自行车网络上提供了271个室内自行车架、维修服务站点，以及不分性别的淋浴，以鼓励当地居民绿色通勤。在环境友好型社区的包围下，Hood自行车公园为社区创造出一处全新的污染缓冲地带与绿色公共空间，同时成为周围50多英亩工业用地再开发的催化剂。

一条折线形的步道将人们引导上斜坡草坪、临街露台以及二层屋顶平台上，另一侧则是与残存的Hood烟囱坐落于同一轴线上的巨大步行阶梯。Hood牛奶瓶的曲线形式启发了预制路缘和长凳的设计，夜间照明则进一步放大了这些形式的流线美，并根据时间控制照明光线的强度，以平衡公共安全与城市野生动物的需求。设计特别考虑了材料的选择，以减少项目的碳足迹。例如，项目内所有的植物都来自位于300英里范围内的苗圃，此外，采用巴西胡桃木而非IPE合成材料作为建筑材料，也是因为木材更具可持续性。

设计利用了三种植物来修复场地中的生态，减轻了工业污染对公众健康的危害: 1）植物地下水缓冲区：由深根杨树、原生柳等寻水灌木组成，旨在截留和净化附近受泄漏影响的浅层地下水。 2）植物空气污染缓冲区：自行车馆屋顶的植被将吸附由高架公路交通带来的可吸入颗粒物，这个“空气净化防线”上的植物群落，包括：白杨、宾夕法尼亚松柏，以及维吉尼亚杜松。这些本土植物也很好地适应了大风、盐雾以及失水土壤。 3）植物生态沼泽：受当地海岸线的启发，耐盐植物群落将降低水体与土壤中的氮和磷含量。

除了利用植物修复生态外，植物群落的配植设计还以低维护成本为原则，旨在模拟本地生态系统，为野生动物提供栖息地，并减轻城市热岛效应。设计的核心驱动力为“生态管理而不是维护”，90%的原生植物群落都将随着时间的推移成长演变，成熟结果的植被也将向周围的区域拨散种植，为本地的种子库做出贡献。本项目中所种植的植物是从几个不同的当地苗圃采购的，以使植物的基因库多样化，此外设计团队还将对本项目进行为期5年的园艺监测。

场地中选用的原生植物群落具有超强的耐应力，因此，建筑上覆盖的土壤得以选用肥力低且PH值高的土壤，缺乏营养的土壤能够避免杂草的丛生，也不会污染雨水径流。灌溉系统采用了分区的形式，以尽量减少浇水，并在植物群落成熟后关闭。作为具有绿色景观与雨水收集基础设施双重性质的街景植物，将收集和处理现场的所有降雨。雨水将渗透进倾斜的草坪并被储存起来，该草坪可以容纳未来从周围建筑屋顶留下的所有径流。Hood自行车公园的污染净化地形开创了一种社区聚集空间的全新模式，也为处于温暖潮湿气候中的后工业城市树立了一个具有生态弹性的基础设施模型。

▲功能性地形：倾斜的自行车亭覆盖了被污染的土壤，创造出户外活动空间，并将场地从预计的2100年沿海洪水区中解救出来，A Functional Landform: A sloped bike pavilion caps contaminated soils, provides an outdoor event space, and raises the site out of the 2100 anticipated coastal flood-zone © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲功能、形式和身份定位：草坪、露台、屋顶平台以及生态修复植物交织在一起，创造出建筑与景观之间的无缝过渡，Program, Form & Identity: A lawn, stage, roof deck, and phytoremediation plantings are wound together creating a seamless transition between architecture and landscape © Offshoots, Inc.

▲减轻污染和洪水危害：对附近高速公路造成的空气污染、浅层地下水污染以及预期海平面上升的场地分析推动了设计策略的定制，Mitigating Pollution & Flooding Hazards: Site analysis of air pollution from the adjacent highway, contaminated shallow groundwater, and anticipated sea level rise drove the design strategy © Offshoots, Inc.

▲评估社区对于开放空间的需求：对当地规划和社区资源的调查分析揭示了当地社区对于自行车设施以及户外多功能空间的需求，Assessing Community Open Space Needs: An analysis of local programming and neighborhood resource access led revealed the need for a bike facility and outdoor multi-use space © Offshoots, Inc.

▲利用植物修复工业和城市污染物：由植物构成的地下水缓冲区将储存并过滤浅层地下水；而空气污染缓冲植被区则能够吸附公路带来的可吸入颗粒物，净化空气，Phytoremediation of Industrial and Urban Pollutants: A groundwater buffer captures and cleanses shallow subsurface water. An air-pollution buffer mitigates highway-generated particulate matter © Offshoots, Inc. / Elkus Manfredi Architects

▲净化雨水并补充地下水：本项目中雨水系统的设计旨在满足未来发展的需求，以应对当地炎热潮湿气候加剧以及海平面的上升问题，Cleansing and Recharging Stormwater: The project anticipates a hotter, wetter climate and sea level rise. The stormwater system is designed to meet the needs of future development © Offshoots, Inc. / Elkus Manfredi Architects

▲动态设计：植物群落的配植旨在最大化生态系统的功能，注重“生态管理而非维护”的设计理念，让植物群落能够自然生长进化，补充本地种子库，Designed to Move: Plant Communities that Maximize Ecosystem Services: ‘Ecological management not maintenance’ drove the planting design. The plant communities are designed to evolve and replenish the native seed bank © Bruce T. Martin Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲植物为人们服务，而人也成为了植物的传粉者：设计团队仔细考虑了植物群落的季节性利益，3万株春天里种植的球茎将在母亲节开花，以配合新的社区活动，Plants are for People (and Pollinators): Seasonal interest of the plant communities was carefully considered; 30,000 spring bulbs bloom on Mother’s Day to coincide with new a community event © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲从场地历史中提取身份定位：预制混凝土楼梯灵感来自于原始Hood牛奶瓶的双半径曲线线条，可以作为路缘和长凳，Identity from History: Precast concrete stairs that transform into curbs and benches were inspired by the double radius of the original Hood Milk bottle © Offshoots, Inc.

▲流动的形式：集成照明灯具能够在夜间帮助人们寻路，同时设置了定时调节器，以平衡公共安全需求和城市野生动物的需求，Forms that Flow: Integrated pin lights assist in nighttime wayfinding set on timers to balance the need for public safety with the needs of the urban wildlife © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲植被分层：受天然草甸、灌丛和林地的启发，本项目采用了90%本地植物以组成新的植物群落，Layering Productive Vegetation: Inspired by natural meadows, thickets and woodlands, the site hosts novel plant communities comprised of 90% native plants © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲强调形式的照明：壁灯突出了场地墙壁的纹理变化，而点式光源则分布在角落周围，以突出弯曲的形式，Lighting to Emphasize Form: A wall wash highlights textural changes in the site walls while pin lights race around corners, highlighting the curved forms © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲无缝过渡：建筑和景观融合在一起，形式和材料融合在一起，Seamless Transitions: The building and landscape bleed together with forms and materials that merge inside and out © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲与环境相关：Hood工业烟囱是社区的重要身份象征，登上屋顶的巨大的楼梯因此设置在与烟囱对齐的轴线上，以最大限度地彰显其重要性，Relating to Context: The Hood industrial smokestack is an important identity moment for the neighborhood; a monumental stair is set on axis to maximize its importance © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

▲绿色交通：自行车馆提供自行车存储、租赁、以及维修服务，并设置有淋浴和不分性别的公共卫生间，以鼓励人们绿色通勤，Green Transportation: The bike pavilion offers storage, rentals, showers, gender-neutral public restrooms, and bike repair services that encourages green commuting © Peter Vanderwarker Photography / Offshoots, Inc.

PROJECT NARRATIVE

In an industrial part of Boston, a tilted landscape creates an amenity hub for cyclists and a new park focused on reducing pollution. Hood Bike Park provides an urban refuge for Charlestown residents who currently have the second-least amount of green space per capita of any Boston neighborhood. Less than two miles from downtown Boston and within walking distance of regional transit, the project provides 271 interior bike racks, repair services and gender-neutral showers on a planned cycling network, encouraging green commuting. Surrounded by Environmental Justice neighborhoods, Hood Bike Park creates a new pollution-buffering community green while catalyzing redevelopment of the surrounding 50+ acres of industrial land.

A universally accessible path winds together a sloped lawn, street-level stage and a second-floor roof deck; a monumental stair sits on axis with the remnant Hood smokestack. The form of the original Hood Milk bottle inspired the curves of the precast curbs and benches. Night lighting amplifies these forms, with low lighting levels set on a timer, balancing the need for public safety with the needs of urban wildlife. Special consideration was given to material selection to reduce the project’s carbon footprint. For example, all plants were sourced from nurseries located within 300 miles of the site and Cumaru was chosen over Ipe because it is more sustainably forested.

Utilizing three phytoremediation planting typologies, the project mitigates public health hazards: 1) PHYTO Groundwater Buffer: Comprised of deep-rooted Populus spp., native Salix spp. and other water-seeking shrubs, the plants intercept and cleanse shallow groundwater impacted by spills nearby. 2) PHYTO Air Pollution Buffer: Particulate matter generated from the elevated highway is captured in a planted buffer on the bike pavilion’s roof. This ‘Coastal Ledge’ plant community, includes Populus tremuloides, Morella pensylvanica and Juniperus virginiana. These native plants are also well-adapted to high winds, salt-spray, and well-draining soils. 3) PHYTO Bioswale: Inspired by native shorelines, this salt-tolerant phyto community targets nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

In addition to phytoremediation, the plant communities are designed to be low-maintenance, mimic native ecosystems, provide habitat, and mitigate urban heat-island effect. The key design driver was ‘ecological management not maintenance’; the 90% native plant communities are intended to evolve over time, to move and contribute to the native seed bank on and off site. Plants were procured from several different local nurseries to diversify the gene pool and the contract includes horticultural monitoring for 5 years by the design team.

To support the stress-tolerant native plant communities on site, the planting soils are low in fertility with a high PH and avoid nutrient-rich conditions that generate both weeds and contaminated stormwater runoff. The irrigation system is zoned to minimize watering and to be turned off after plant establishment. Doubling as green stormwater infrastructure, the streetscape plantings capture and treat all rainfall on site. The tilted lawn provides stormwater storage and infiltration below and was sized to accommodate future roof runoff that will be generated from surrounding buildings. Hood Bike Park’s pollution-purging topography is an innovative new community gathering space and model for resiliency in a wet and warming post-industrial city.