地表下的居所，荷兰 / WillemsenU

穿过这条乡间小道的人不多，他们很可能完全不会留意到他们身旁这座融于景观之中的房子。人们或许发现这些年乡村正在变得愈加茂密而优美；花卉、树林、泉水和山丘都在增多。人们可能会好奇这条朝向山坡的小道会通向何处。然而当你漫步经过狭窄的小道后，映入眼帘的却是一扇镶嵌于山丘之中，由耐候钢制成的大门，随着你走进房子，眼前豁然开朗，溪谷美景尽收眼底。

▼建筑概览，Overview of the building ©Rob van Esch

The handful of people travelling along this remote country lane are likely to completely miss the house that is tucked away in the landscape right next to them. Perhaps they’ll notice that the countryside has become more lush and beautiful in recent years; more flowers, trees, water and somewhat hillier. And they might wonder where the path that cuts through the hillside leads to. But immediately after you wander through the narrow corridor that is seemingly carved into the hill and open the large Corten steel pivot door, you enter a home that opens up to the landscape and offers a wonderful view over the stream valley.

▼建筑于环境中，Building in the environment ©Rob van Esch

▼田间小道，Countryside path ©WillemsenU

项目核心要点 Key project details

在这片自然保护区边界的草地上曾有一座小山羊舍，它也标志着这里建造规模的限制。怎样才能在不破坏自然景观的前提下，建造一座能够提升环境美感的房子？此外，它还需要满足分区规划的严格要求。

▼建筑特写，Close-up of the building ©Rob van Esch

A small goat house once stood in the meadow, which lies on the edge of a protected nature reserve, marking the maximum contours for building a new dwelling. How can you create a home that, instead of disrupting the natural landscape, would enhance its beauty? And furthermore, can it stay within the strict requirements of the zoning plan.

▼室外空间，Outdoor space ©Rob van Esch

▼立面细部，Detail of the facade ©WillemsenU

业主的工作生活充满激情，他们希望这座房子拥有令人惊喜、出人意料的设计，在其中他们能够充分享受自然，并在宁静私密的环境下隐居。

The clients have a tumultuous work life and wanted an unexpected, stunning design for their house that would allow them to enjoy nature to the full and retreat in peace and privacy.

▼隐蔽的入口，Hidden entrance ©Rob van Esch

建筑师选择将一大部分结构植入地下，采用小山覆盖突出的部分，使房子消失在大众视野下，并成为景观的一部分。私宅一侧的凹陷与小山形成鲜明对比，既为住宅提供了采光，又为私人户外空间提供了视线遮挡。在这片宁静的场所中，您能够沉浸在自己的世界中，享受阳光、天空和树梢的美景，聆听鸟儿的歌唱。

▼分析图，Diagram ©WillemsenU

▼入口特写，Close-up of the entrance ©Rob van Esch

By choosing to lower a sizeable part of the structure into the ground and blanketing the protruding section with a hill, the house is hidden from the public eye and becomes one with the landscape. An indentation on the private side as a contrasting shape to the hill provides the home with natural daylight, while offering shelter for the private outdoor space that is obscured from view. A place of tranquillity you have all to yourself, enjoying the sunshine and views of the sky and treetops, listening only to the sound of birds.

▼耐候钢肌理，Textures of the Corten steel ©Rob van Esch

由于采用了叠层结构，所有空间都具有各自特点，与周围景观的关系也不断变化。当您走进房子，将会立刻发现您不仅出于地下空间，还可以进一步俯瞰到下层的露台。

▼室内空间，The interior ©Rob van Esch

Because of the stacked construction, all spaces have their own character and have changing relationships with the surrounding landscape. Upon entering the home, you will immediately notice that you aren’t simply below ground level, but can also look further down onto the terrace below.

▼与自然相连的起居室，The living room connected with nature ©Rob van Esch

▼拱形天花，The arch ceiling ©Rob van Esch

地板、墙面和天花均采用裸露混凝土以营造宁静的效果。朴素的材质强调了周围环境中的美景，并将自然引入生活之中。立面采用了免维护且寿命长的材质：室外的覆层采用了老化的木材，门廊与窗户则使用了铝制框架。得益于天然覆层、绿色屋面与位置优势，该住宅与环境完美融合，与四季同呼吸共变迁。

▼绝佳的视野，Optimal landscape ©Rob van Esch

The floors, walls and ceilings are finished with concrete facing and have a calm appearance. This unassuming choice of materials accentuates the beauty of the surroundings and helps bring the nature to life. The façade materials are maintenance-free and contribute to an extended service life: The outside cladding is made of ageing wood and the doorways and windows have aluminium frames. Thanks to the natural cladding, green roof and position, the house blends in seamlessly with its surroundings, living and breathing with the four seasons.

▼天花与天光，Ceiling and skylight ©Rob van Esch

该项目如何体现创新？ How does the project showcase innovation?

参考现有房屋的规模限制，将新建筑植入地下是最合理的选择。如果没有深入密切的合作，该设计永远没办法实现。在确立居住体验与保护景观的理想平衡之前，我们便与客户展开合作。该项目是一个难题，也是工程与结构方面的挑战，而客户与顾问团队以极高的热情迎接了这一挑战。

▼混凝土浇筑，Cast-in-place concrete ©Rob van Esch

Lowering the house into the ground was the most logical option, considering the contour restrictions indicated by the existing cottage. This design would never have come *out* of the ground without the close and intensive cooperation. We had already worked with the client before to seek the ideal balance between living experience and minimal invasion of the landscape. The project was a puzzle, an engineering and structural challenge, that the clients and a team of consultants took on with unbridled enthusiasm.

▼混凝土结构，Concrete structure ©Rob van Esch

通过采用曲线形式，我们成功限制了地上建筑高度。拱门将房屋一侧推入地下，在较高一侧形成起居空间的天花，下方是楼梯和空隙。拱门仿佛厚重的贝壳，采用现浇混凝土制成，与形成空隙的垂直墙体融为一体，塑造了地下两层空间。

By creating a curved shape, we were able to limit the height above ground. The arch pushes the house into the ground on one side and creates a ceiling for the living area on the higher side, with the staircase and void below. Shaped like a massive shell and made of cast-in-place concrete, the arch merges into a vertical wall that forms a void, revealing not one but two storeys deeper below ground level.

▼地下空间，Spaces underground ©Rob van Esch

蜿蜒的屋顶一侧向自然环境开放，而另一侧弯向地面。自然光闯入室内，拱门引导人们走入地下。随着您走入地下两层，视野中的地平线与上方的景观逐渐消失。但您来到地下一层并置身于起居空间时，一片花海映入眼帘，为露台增光添彩。再往下一层就来到了卧室，这里的入口低于地面六米，让人真正有置身底下的感觉。阳光通过狭窄的缝隙、玻璃楼梯和电梯倾泻而入，无需人工照明也能让您四处走动。

▼通透的电梯，Transparent lift ©Rob van Esch

▼卧室天光，Skylight in the bedroom ©Stijn Poelstra

The length of the curved roof opens up to the natural surrounds, then curves down on the other side. The natural light that cascades down over the arch is an invitation to descend to the floors below. Your eyes see the horizon and the landscape above you disappears as you go down two storeys. When arriving on the first level below, you are in the living room looking out over the sea of flowers that colour the garden terrace. Moving down another level takes you to the bedroom, where the six metres below entry level genuinely makes you feel like you are underground. Daylight still pours in through the narrow void, glass staircase and glass lift from above, allowing you walk around without needing artificial lighting.

▼楼梯特写，Close-up of the staircase ©Rob van Esch

▼踏步特写，Close-up of the steps ©Rob van Esch

该项目有哪些益处？ How is the project beneficial?

得益于中央玻璃电梯与垂直叠层的设计，这座房子满足轮椅出入而且能够满足一生的居住需求。整个楼层布局开放且没有走廊与门槛。此外还有一些巧妙的设计使房子宽敞、开放且保证儿童安全，比如木质门框，打开时可以滑倒下层花园上的滑门前。

▼宽敞的空间，Open planned floor ©Rob van Esch

By designing the central void as a glass platform lift, the vertical stacking makes this a wheelchair-accessible and lifetime-proof home. The floors are open planned without any corridors or thresholds. Other clever choices also keep the house spacious, open and safe for children, such as a wooden frame that slides in front of the sliding door above the lower garden when opened.

▼简约的色调，Simple tones ©Rob van Esch

该住宅紧凑且占地面积较小。得益于建在地下，因此它不需要煤气，且能源利用率高。房子通过热泵从地下汲取能源，因为部分体量位于地下，蓄热能力得到了提高，能够形成舒适且稳定的室内气候。屋顶与丰富的植被景观融为一体，有利于自然保护区的物种多样性，并且提供了一个良好的水缓冲区。

▼夜景，Night views ©Stijn Poelstra

▼屋顶特写，Close-up of the roof ©Stijn Poelstra

The house is compact and has a small footprint. It is gas-free, delivers high energy performance and benefits from sitting underground. Heat is extracted from the earth by means of a heat pump. Because the house is partially built under the earth, the heat accumulating capacity of the home is increased, creating a pleasant and consistent indoor climate. The roof forms part of the richly vegetated landscape, contributes to the high biodiversity of the protected nature area and provides a good water buffer.

▼傍晚室内，The interior at dusk ©Rob van Esch

将房子建在地下后，住户能够享受山丘的天然保温和夏季降温效果，还可以在封闭与开敞空间中欣赏到宜人的明暗效果。弧线形的屋顶在楼梯和电梯上方打开，从而将光线引入房屋深处，在山丘植被的衬托下，可以欣赏到迷人的天空美景。

By burying the house under the ground, the residents benefit from the natural insulation and summer cooling of the hills, and from the delightful play of light and dark in the enclosed and open areas. The curved roof opens up above the stairs and the lift, so that the light penetrates deep into the home to offer stunning sky views framed by the hill’s vegetation.

▼场地平面，Site plan ©WillemsenU

▼首层平面，Ground floor plan ©WillemsenU

▼空间对照，Spaces comparison ©WillemsenU

▼立面与剖面，Section and elevation ©WillemsenU

Architect: WillemsenU Company address: Groenstraat 6, 5642 CB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Company URL: https://willemsenu.nl/ Landscape architect: Bert Huls Lighting design consultancy: Lichtmeesters Building construction consultancy: Van de Laar Installation engineering consultancy: Nelissen Building contractor: BurgtBouw Location: Netherlands Completion: 2020-2023 Floor area: 170 m² Copyright photography: Architectuurfotograaf – Rob van Esch, Stijn Poelstra Architectuurfotografie & architectuurvideo voor architecten