Feni· I 综合体

通过将 45000 平方米的多功能空间和一个独特的钢架结构置入历史悠久的仓库，鹿特丹获得了一座大胆且具有标志性的建筑：Fenix I。最初的 Fenix 仓库是为荷美邮轮公司在 1922 年建造，现已被重新开发和改造为用途广泛的综合体，其中包括由 Codarts 马戏艺术学校、Conny Janssen Danst 舞团和 Rotjeknor 马戏团共同组成的 Cultuur Cluster 文化集群。

With 45,000 m2 of mixed-use program and a unique steel table construction that is built right through the existing monumental warehouse, Rotterdam has gained a bold and iconic building: Fenix I. The original Fenix warehouse, built in 1922 for the Holland America Line, has been redeveloped and renovated for an extensive mixed-use program, including the Cultuur Cluster, formed by Codarts Circus Arts School, Conny Janssen Danst and Circus Rotjeknor.

▼项目概览，overview ©Marc Goodwin

▼Fenix I 综合体外观，Fenix I exterior view ©Ossip

分断与融合 | Segmentation and fusion

Fenix I 的设计旨在将新与旧进行融合而非构成对立，其主要原则是将建筑与周边环境连接起来。为此，建筑团队加高了朝向 Rijnhaven 港口一侧的立面（在既有仓库的基础上增加了 9 层），使其与附近建筑的尺度和规模相适应。朝向 Veerlaan 街道一侧的立面被限制在 4 层的高度，以配合 Katendrecht 周围的底层建筑。

▼体量设计示意，concept volume ©Mei architects and planners

▼体量剖面示意，section diagram ©Mei architects and planners

The design for Fenix I was aimed to merge old and new, instead of to create contrast. The primary principle of the design was therefore to connect the building and its immediate surroundings. For that reason, it was decided to heighten the building on the Rijnhaven side (9 layers on top of the warehouse) to match the size and scale of the buildings around the Rijnhaven. On the Veerlaan side, the new building volume was limited to four layers, in keeping with the lower surrounding buildings of Katendrecht.

▼朝向 Rijnhaven 港口一侧的立面加高了 9 层，the building on the Rijnhaven side was heightened by 9 layers ©Marc Goodwin

▼朝向 Veerlaan 街道一侧的立面被限制在 4 层的高度，on the Veerlaan side, the new building volume was limited to four layers©Ossip

▼立面局部，facade partial view ©Marc Goodwin

设计的一个关键部位体现在它的“第六个”立面，也就是阳台的底面。在新的住宅体量中，阳台的支架得到了非常精确的设计和施工。它们的外观参照了最初的 Fenix 仓库。一系列栏杆环绕着整座建筑，它们由夹层玻璃和被称作“缪斯框架”的结构组成：重复的工业钢架元素吸引着你倚靠在上面做起白日梦，同时又与港口区域的特征和功能相契合。立面上增加的缪斯框架共计不少于 516 个。

阳台的底面是设计的一个关键部位，an important aspect of the design is the sixth facade, this being the bottom side of the balconies ©Marc Goodwin

▼入口立面，entrance facade ©Marc Goodwin

An important aspect of the design is the sixth facade, this being the bottom side of the balconies. In the new housing volume, the consoles of the balconies have been executed with great attention and finesse. Their appearance is referring back to the Fenix warehouse. The balustrades of the balconies, which surround the entire building, are made of sandwiched glass and so-called “muse frames”: repetitive industrial steel frame elements, that invite you to lean on it and daydream, and which fit the character and the use of the port. In total no less than 516 muse frames were added to the facade.

面细节，facade detailed view ©Marc Goodwin

Fenix 走廊是一条新建的内部街道，长 40 米且直接穿过建筑，将城市一侧（Veerlaan 大街）与码头连接起来。这条走廊或许可以说是 Fenix 大楼内最激动人心的空间之一，它彰显了建筑过去与现在的能量与活力，同时揭示出其所经历过的不同的时间层级。

The Fenix passage is a new inner street, 40 meters long, that runs right through the building and connects the city side (Veerlaan) with the quay. This street is perhaps one of the most exciting spaces in Fenix, which best expresses the energy and kinetic intensity of the building’s past and present and exposes the different layers of time.

Fenix 走廊，The Fenix passage ©Ossip

建筑内部的封闭区域形成一片宁静的绿洲，与其周围环境形成鲜明的对比。凉廊空间被有意地打开，以增强居住者之间的联系。白色的混凝土材料增强了静谧的感觉，并且与温暖的、色彩由下至上逐渐变深的木质外墙形成和谐的关系。栏杆的设计与花槽相结合，使绿色植物能够沿着凉廊生长攀援。

▼剖面透视图，sectional perspective©Mei architects and planners

▼庭院立面，courtyard facades ©Ossip

庭院和屋顶花园

色彩由下至上逐渐变深的木质外墙 ©Marc Goodwin thewooden facade changes from dark on the top to light on the bottom floors

Fenix 阁楼公寓 | Fenix Lofts

仓库顶部的住宅体量包含 212 间阁楼公寓。在大楼的中间层，公寓的净高达到 4 米。独特的钢架结构成为了公寓的一部分。位于中间层的阁楼公寓拥有一个朝向 Rijnhaven 码头方向的形似口琴的外墙，此外还设有向庭院区域敞开的私人户外空间

▼仓库顶部的住宅体量包含 212 间阁楼公寓，the residential volume on top of the warehouse comprises 212 lofts ©Ossip

▼结构示意，structural detail diagram ©Mei architects and planners

The residential volume on top of the warehouse comprises 212 lofts. In the interlayer, these apartments have a clear height of 4m. The impressive space frame structure of the steel table construction is unmistakably part of the apartment. The lofts in the interlayer have a harmonica facade on the Rijnhaven side and a private outdoor space opening out onto the courtyard area.

▼公寓内部，loft interior view ©Marc Goodwin©Ossip

Fenix Docks 仓库 | Fenix Docks

原先的 Fenix Docks 仓库拥有混合的用途。仓库的一部分被重建为高效的公共停车场，设有 270 个停车位。码头沿线坐落着 5 栋双层的码头住宅，每栋的高度为 6 米。这些住宅拥有自由的平面布局，并设有原始的装卸门，可以直接从 Rijnhaven 码头进入。

▼朝向码头的立面，the facade facing the quay ©Ossip

The existing warehouse, Fenix Docks, has a mixed-use purpose. Part of the warehouse was rebuilt to provide for an efficient public Parking garage with 270 Parking spaces. Along the quay, there are 5 quay houses, each with 2 floors with a height of 6m. These apartments have a free lay-out, are fitted with original loading doors and can be accessed directly from the Rijnhaven quay.

▼侧面入口，entrance in the lateral facade ©Marc Goodwin

Fenix Docks 还容纳了三个著名的文化机构：Conny Janssen Danst 舞团、Codarts 马戏艺术学校和 Rotjeknor 青少年马戏团，并共同组成了一个 Culture Cluster 文化集群。巧妙的设计兼顾了空间的公共性和私密性。各个组织和用户可以在多种场所进行随机会议，同时又能保证隐私。门厅就是这样一个公共空间，透过玻璃墙可以直接看见 Codarts 马戏艺术学校的训练教室。从建筑南侧的 Fenixplein 也可以直接进入门厅并通往文化集群中的“码头”和“艺术”区域。

▼Culture Cluster 文化集群室内空间，Culture Cluster interior view ©Marc Goodwin

In addition, Fenix Docks offers room to three well-known cultural institutions, which together form the Culture Cluster: Conny Janssen Danst, Codarts Circus School and youth Circus Rotjeknor. The result is a smart design with both communal and private spaces. Spontaneous meetings between the various organisations and users take place at various places, but there is also sufficient privacy. The foyer is such a communal meeting place, with a glass wall that provides a glimpse into the Codarts training room. The foyer is accessible from the Fenixplein on the south side of the building and gives access to the ’docks’ and the ’arts’ parts of the Culture Cluster.

Rotjeknor 青少年马戏团室内，Circus Rotjeknor interior view ©Ossip

千吨钢材 | A kiloton of steel

Fenix I 的技术挑战主要体现在它的施工上。通过置入约 1 千吨（100 万公斤）重的巨大钢架结构，并使其贯穿仓库建筑，这座历史悠久的庞大体量得以从很大程度上保留下来。与此同时还可以增加很大一部分完全独立于仓库的居住空间。

新的基座被谨慎地插入仓库既有的基座体块之间。钢结构完全采用焊接，这在荷兰是非常少见的做法。

▼轴测分解图，Exploded Axo ©Mei architects and planners

The technical challenge of Fenix I is most evident in its construction. By placing an immense steel table construction, weighing approximately one kiloton (1 million kg), running it through the existing warehouse and giving it a separate foundation, the monumental warehouse could be largely preserved. Moreover, a considerable volume of living space could be added, which was technically kept completely separate from the warehouse.

The new foundation of the table was carefully inserted in between the warehouse’s existing foundation blocks. The steel structure was fully welded in the works, which is a very exceptional method in the Netherlands.

▼码头视角，view from the quay ©Ossip

可持续性 | Sustainability

可持续性是 Fenix I 项目中的一个重要部分，并首先体现在对于既有建筑最大程度的重复利用。新建筑宽裕的楼层高度使其能够适应未来的发展，此外由于主要的支撑结构是由圆盘塔而非墙体构成，加上中央的圆形装置环，可以实现灵活的分区。

Sustainability is an integral part of Fenix I, starting with maximum reuse of the existing building. The new building is future-proof and adaptable due to the extra storey height and can be flexibly partitioned because of a main supporting structure consisting of disc columns instead of walls and the central circular installation ring.

可持续性示意，diagram ©Mei architects and planners

建筑体量和立面经过了优化，使光线可以进入庭院和公寓。带来最佳视野的玻璃立面采用了高性能的太阳能控制玻璃板，同时在外部结合以遮阳装置和阳台，能够控制建筑吸入的热量，减少对于制冷的需要。屋顶花园和带有垂直绿化的庭院立面营造出健康、舒适且与自然相融的栖居环境，且能够过滤空气中的颗粒物。屋顶花园还可收集雨水以便重复利用。

▼阳台，balcony©Marc Goodwin

The building volume and the facades have been optimised to allow daylight to enter the courtyard and the apartments. The glass facades offering prime views, are made of high-performance solar control glazing. Combined with the exterior sunshades and the balconies, solar heat entering the building is blocked and the need for cooling is reduced.The roof gardens and vertical green courtyard facades stimulate a healthy, comfortable and nature-inclusive living environment. They filter particulates from the air and the green roofs collect rainwater which can be reused.

建筑夜景，night view ©Marc Goodwin

▼场地平面图，site plan ©Mei architects and planners

▼首层平面图，ground floor plan ©Mei architects and planners

▼切口层平面图，incision floor plan ©Mei architects and planners