阁楼公寓

项目位于美国弗吉尼亚州的Charlottesville，是市中心步行街上最古老的建筑。设计师要在有限的空间里进行现代化的翻修。三层的建筑结构建于1843年左右，已迫切需要更新，随着框架、屋顶、隔热层、窗户、机械系统、电气和管道系统等构件的替换升级，建筑可以继续使用一世纪甚至更久。设计师将原建筑中昏暗的商业空间、幽闭的办公室和尘封的储物阁楼打通，改造成宽敞的开放式公寓，将卧室布置在上层阁楼。空间前后通透，宽敞透明，住户可以同时享受一侧的行道树景观与另一侧的充沛阳光。自然光直接或间接地照进室内，为空间注入活力。

The oldest building on the downtown pedestrian mall in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, contains this minimal and modern renovation. The c.1843 three-story structure was badly in need of refurbishment — portions of the framing, roof, insulation, windows, mechanical systems, electrical and plumbing were all replaced and renewed so this building is set for service for another century or more. What was dark commercial space with claustrophobic offices and an enclosed storage attic is now transformed into a single spacious open floor apartment with a sleeping loft. Transparency from front to back is a key design intent, establishing visual access to the street trees in front and sunlight in the back. Multiple modes of direct and indirect natural lighting animate the space.

▼室内概览，overview © Virginia Hamrick Photography

柜橱的“盒子”被放大成隔断，沿空间的长边伸展，内部安插设备硬件与暗门，巧妙地将厨房、浴室、杂物室、储藏室等功能用房隐藏起来。不使用时，厨房用具完全隐藏进橱柜，打开左右的活动门，便可以使用壁式烤箱和冰箱。橱柜的木板是锯开的粗糙白橡木，带有浅色斑点。地板材质也选用白橡木，使室内色彩与材质保持统一。

A single scaled up cabinet “box” with hidden hardware, secret doors and rooms runs the length of the interior and conceals the kitchen, bathroom, services and storage. All kitchen appliances disappear when not in use. Doors to the left and right of the work surface open fully for access to a wall oven and refrigerator. The wood cladding is rough sawn white oak with a light stain. The floor planks are also white oak, keeping the color and material palette to a minimum.

▼多功能隔断隐藏厨卫空间，single scaled up cabinet “box” hiding the kitchen and bathroom space © Virginia Hamrick Photography

橡木隔断上的长窗开口露出内部的砖砌承重墙，两种质感和色彩形成鲜明的对比。挡板后的楼梯通向楼下的公寓前厅。

A window-like opening through the oak cabinet volume frames a view of the original brick masonry bearing walls offering a dramatic counterpoint of texture and color. The backsplash is completely open to a stair leading to the apartment vestibule below.

▼长窗开口露出内部的砖砌承重墙，a window-like opening framing a view of the original brick wall © Virginia Hamrick Photography

▼站在通向公寓前厅的楼梯上，view from the stair leading to the apartment vestibule below © Virginia Hamrick Photography

高耸的天花板上，建筑师增加了七个天窗以引入充足的自然光。双层镀铝玻璃窗争取了最大的日照面积，也有效控制了能耗。屋顶下新增加的隔热层极大地提高了建筑的保温性能，远超规范的要求。 Seven new skylights in the high ceiling fill the space with natural light. New double pane aluminum-clad windows maximize the daylight openings and ensure better energy performance. New insulation under the existing roof provides thermal insulation far in excess of the code required value.

▼天窗引入充足的自然光，bring in plenty of natural lighting © Virginia Hamrick Photography

通向阁楼卧室的楼梯沉稳而轻巧，是前景也是背景。楼梯侧面安装了一块3/8”英寸厚的白色涂漆钢板作为护栏板。楼梯踏步由穿孔钢板折叠而成，固定在垂直向的护栏板上，形成整体结构，又充满精致的细节。

The sleeping loft stair is both foreground and background, heavy and light, transparent and opaque. The white guardrail is a single 3/8” thick painted steel plate. The treads and risers are folded perforated steel, fixed to the vertical steel plate guard, creating a delicate, but monolithic, integrated structure.

▼通向阁楼卧室的楼梯，the sleeping loft stair © Bushman Dreyfus Architects

▼细部，楼梯，details, treads and risers of the stair © Virginia Hamrick Photography

厨房的长窗开口处设置了带有电源插座的不锈钢杂物槽，沿着柜台的边缘放置。这些用于厨房和浴室的零件都是本地定制，兼具功能性与耐用性。

In the kitchen’s opening, a low-profile stainless steel utility trough with electrical outlets runs along the edge of the counter. Functional and durable stainless-steel accessories for the kitchen and bath are custom-fabricated locally.

▼细部，厨卫设施，details, kitchen and bathroom facilities © Virginia Hamrick Photography

▼平面图，plan © Bushman Dreyfus Architects

Name: Loft Apartment Location: Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Year built: 2019 Floor Area: 1350 sq ft (125 sqm) Architect: Bushman Dreyfus Architects Design team: Jeff Bushman, Aga Saulle Structural engineer: Dunbar Milby Williams Pittman & Vaughan General contractor: Longview Management & Construction Co. Photography: Virginia Hamrick Photography