西班牙废弃谷仓变宜居住宅

本项目位于西班牙Castilian高原的一个小镇上，原是一座建于20世纪初期的农业和畜牧业建筑，随着时间的推移已经逐渐废弃。设计团队没有将其推到重建，而是选择了对其进行改造更新。整个项目致力于保留生产空间的原始特色以及原建筑的地域性特征。

An agricultural and livestock building of the early twentieth century located in a town on the Castilian Plateau of Spain has been deprecated. The intervention in the existing building is considered as recycling of it. It is intended to preserve the identity of the productive space and the vernacular character of its construction.

▼住宅外观远景， distant exterior view of the house ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

使老宅重获新生的首要条件便是创造一个宜居的光、水和温度环境。整个项目被划分为了不同的空间，客户可根据季节特点来选择居住的位置。老旧谷仓土坯墙的热惰性增强了建筑空间保温隔热的性能。外围护结构结合了既保温隔热、又防水的夹层板，解决了所有问题。值得一提的是，这种夹层板被放置在了旧瓷砖和由原木与木瓦板构成的结构体系之间，最大限度地降低了其自身的存在感。

To re-inhabit the main building it is provided with light, water and heat. It is intended to live the different spaces according to the season of the year. The creaking of the barn seeks to preserve thermal energy through the inertia conferred by the adobe wall. The envelope is completed by protecting the cover with insulation and waterproofing by means of a sandwich panel that incorporates all the solutions. Placed between the old tile and the structure of logs and wooden shingle board this technical solution goes unnoticed.

▼住宅外观近景， close-up exterior view of the house ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

楼梯空间的上方设置着一个天窗。设计团队用碳酸聚酯板代替了波纹面板，最大程度地将自然光线引入了室内空间，照亮了木制楼梯上方和下方的区域。项目引入了一个带有轻质裸露金属托梁的夹层板，从而实现了在不改变原空间高度的情况下调整室内层高的目的。楼梯和儿童房分别位于这个夹层板的两端。可以说，住宅的第一个空间体量不仅在炎炎夏日里为住户提供了一个最为凉爽的区域，更最大限度地地保存了凛凛冬日中木柴炉所产生的热量。

▼爆炸轴测图，the exploded axon ©g+f arquitectos

A skylight on the staircase, changing the corrugated panel with a polycarbonate panel illuminates the upper and lower space due to the lightness of the steps of the wooden stairs. A lightweight slab of exposed metal joists and sandwich panel is introduced to take advantage of the free height, without altering the original volumetry, but maintaining the total height at the two ends of the barn, with the staircase to one side and a children’s room in the other. This first crack is the coolest area during the day in summer and that is where the heat produced by a wood stove in the winter is best preserved.

▼第一个空间体量，引入了一个带有轻质裸露金属托梁的夹层板以调节层高，the first crack, a lightweight slab of exposed metal joists and sandwich panel is introduced to take advantage of the free height ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼第一个空间体量的木制楼梯，the wooden stairs in the first crack ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼楼梯间的上方设置着一个碳酸聚酯板天窗，the skylight made of the polycarbonate panel above the staircase ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼第一个空间体量中的夹层空间，天窗照亮了整个空间，the mezzanine level in the first crack, the skylight illuminates the entire space ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼夹层中的卧室空间（左），浴室空间（右），the bedroom (left) and the bathroom (right) at the mezzanine floor ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

住宅的第二个体量容纳着一个地窖空间，设有三个木制的桁架结构。因为年久失修，其中的一个桁架结构已经腐烂。因此，设计团队决定将其拆除，并将这部分空间打开，使其成为一个中央庭院。该庭院靠近厨房，为住户提供了一个夏日用餐的好去处。

The second bay, where the cellar was, had three wooden trusses. Due to the leaks, one of them was rotten. It is decided to remove it and open a central courtyard that generates an outdoor space close to the kitchen, which allows you to enjoy meals in summer.

▼中央庭院及露台，the central courtyard and the patio ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼露台局部，两侧的建筑体量采用透明的屋顶材料， partial view of the patio, the volumes on the side use transparent materials to build up the roof ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼中央庭院，为住户提供了一个夏日用餐的好去处， the central courtyard which allows you to enjoy meals in summer ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼从中央庭院通向第二个体量， from the central courtyard to the second bay ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

庭院两侧的空间都采光良好，不仅与旧谷仓的小孔隙空间形成了鲜明的对比，还为冬日里冬季花园和起居空间的设立提供了基础。从屋顶的构造来看，多孔的聚碳酸酯面板取代了原有的旧瓷砖和部分瓦片板。这种面板在将光线引入原空间的同时，提供了一种感知外界阳光变化的机会，从而不仅模糊了室内外空间的边界，更打造出一个灵活性更高的生活区域。总而言之，设计团队通过改造和更新，使这座废弃的农业建筑再次成为了宜居的生活空间。

On both sides of the courtyard, bright spaces are achieved that contrast with the small hollows of the old barn and allow the creation of winter gardens and living areas in the colder months. This is possible because the old tile and part of the shingle boards are replaced by cellular polycarbonate panels. It seeks to lighten a structure with symptoms of exhaustion and generate a covered space in which to perceive the light variations of the outer space. A membrane space, between the exterior and the interior, a deprogrammed place to be used more freely than a dwelling. Thus, an unused and deteriorating container is recycled to become an inhabited space again.

▼中央庭院两侧明亮的生活空间，屋顶采用多孔的聚碳酸酯面板， bright spaces on the both sides of the courtyard, with the roof made of cellular polycarbonate panels ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼墙面细节，wall surface details ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼住宅墙面细节， wall surface details ©Joaquín Mosquera Casares

▼区位图，situation plan ©g+f arquitectos

▼一层平面图，1F plan ©g+f arquitectos

▼夹层平面图，1F mezzanine plan ©g+f arquitectos

▼露台纵向剖面图， longitudinal section of the patio ©g+f arquitectos

▼地窖纵向剖面图， longitudinal section of the cellar ©g+f arquitectos

▼横向剖面图， transversal section ©g+f arquitectos

▼地窖横向剖面图， transversal section of the cellar ©g+f arquitectos

Project name: Barn rehabilitation in a house Company name: g+f arquitectos Project location: Pozanco, Ávila, España Completion Year: 2019 Other participants: Carla Domínguez, collaborator Photo credits: Joaquín Mosquera Casares Materialization: 1. DLW – vinyl flooring- Vinil Pur 2. Dott.gallina – wave polycarbonate cover – arcoPlus®Onda 3. Euronit -roof panel- naturtherm 4. Onduline – cellular polycarbonate- ONDUCLAIR® Celular 10 mm 5. Thermochip – intermediate floor – panel Thermochip TKH 15+40+19