8号住宅实验项目

该项目是来自纽约的MOS事务所在墨西哥Apan市完成的针对低收入人群的住宅项目。项目中包含的32个小型住房展示了一种基础的建筑元素、简单的几何形状以及比例。每个方案都能够通过聚合、简单的重复或者各种扩展、填充和增建策略来发挥自身的潜力。项目关注的重点是，如何将这些方案组合为一个整体，从而为Apan市创造一座真正的家园。

The 32 projects selected exhibit an architecture of primary (architectural) elements, straightforward geometries and proportions. Each proposal exhibits potential for growth by aggregation, simple repetition, or various strategies of extension, infill, and addition. It was important to consider how these proposals, assembled into a collective, would work together toward creating not an estate but a community for Apan.

▼鸟瞰图，aerial view

▼选中的住房项目，the selected housing projects

挑选方案的过程揭示了各种各样的主题和分类。一些项目重新考虑了构成低收入者住房空间组织的基础元素（走廊、庭院和屋顶）、一些修缮工作以及重建的结构或材料。这些方案总体而言是经济且合理的，但与Weissenhof Estate那样的早期现代主义项目相比，它们缺少了一些根本性的突破。

▼项目整体示意，overall view

▼项目局部示意，partial view

The selection process revealed various categories and themes for which the projects could be classified. Some projects rethink the fundamentals of low-income housing’s spatial organization (corridors, courtyards, roofs), some rework labor and construction, and some recast structure or material. The forms of these works are generally economical but, unlike early-modernist projects at the Weissenhof Estate, their attitude is not one of a radical break.

▼欢迎中心外观，exterior view of the Welcome Center

▼公共空间，public spaces

▼庭院，courtyard

▼走廊，corridor

今天的大众并不在意屋顶是水平还是倾斜，而今天的建筑师也不会要求去尝试新的风格。而这些方案的不同之处在于，它们与大量且多样的本土建筑环境形成了关联，同时也与被建筑理论掩盖的大部分人造环境形成了关联。具体来讲，每座房屋都与墨西哥9种气候区域的其中一种形成了呼应。乍看之下，其中许多方案似乎与当下既有的低收入人群住房没有太大的差异，但在经过仔细研究之后，便可以发现每个项目所包含的独创性。

Today’s public will not protest flat (or pitched) roofs and today’s architects will not claim to usher in a new style. If anything, these works relate to the vast, varied world of vernacular construction—to the majority of the built world that Architecture glosses over. Specifically, here each house responds to one of the 9 climatic zones of Mexico. At first glance, many of these works might not appear radically different from existing low-income housing. But upon closer study, the ingenuity of the projects selected whole yet retain their individual identities.

▼每座房屋都与墨西哥的气候区域形成了呼应，each house responds to one of the 9 climatic zones of Mexico

解决低收入群体住房的问题，需要像该项目的建筑师那样，在掌握专业知识的同时对项目进行细致周到的思考。考虑到场地的资源十分有限，方案的选择也就需要更加谨慎，因为任何一个决定都可能对房屋本身和居民的生活造成重大的影响。

The problem of low-income housing demands the thoughtful attention and expertise of architects like those included here. For, given the limited resources of such works, each decision gains greater significance and has greater impact on the design and on the life of its inhabitants.

▼场地局部鸟瞰，site aerial view (partial)

▼场地平面图，site plan

▼欢迎中心轴测图，Welcome Center axon drawing

▼欢迎中心首层平面图，Welcome Center ground floor plan

Project: Housing No. 8 (Laboratorio de Vivienda) Location: Apan, Hidalgo, Mexico Client/Owner: Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores (INFONAVIT) / Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CIDS) Architect Firm Name: MOS Firm Location: New York, New York Project Team: Michael Meredith (Principal, AIA), Hilary Sample (Principal, AIA), Cyrus Dochow (Project Architect), Paul Ruppert (Project Architect), Fancheng Fei, Michael Abel, Mark Acciari, Lafina Eptaminitaki, Mark Kamish Consultants Signage: Studio Lin Size: 8600 SF (Welcome Center); 9 Acres (Master Plan) Photo credits: Jaime Navarro; Isidoro Michan